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WilB^RFORCE eAMES
INDiAN OOLUECTIOM ^

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HBi

KIXG PHILiIP.

THE

PHILIP'S

AR,

TSS GBEAT IlTBXAlt WA&i OF 167i

A2rX> 16761.

ALSO,
OF THE FRKirCH AND INDIAK WARS AT THE SISTWARD^

IN 1639, 1690, 1692, 1696, and 1704.

Bt THOMAS £HURCH, Es*.

WITH

NUMEROUS NOTES

VO EVPX.AIlf THE SITUATION OF THE PLACES OF BATTLES, THE
PARTICULAR GEOGRAPHY OF ^HE JIAVAGED COUNTRY,
AKD THE LIVES OF THE PRINCIPAL PERSONS
ENGAGED IN THOSE WARS.

ALSO,

AN APPENDIX,

ContuiuBg &n account of the treatment of the natives ^bj^ the earl^r vo^ag*
ers, the settlement of N. Elngla^ W^<^ ^re^haK/', iti^ ^^^
War, narratives of persons cirrfe9*intd, flinty," aiieolot^ '
of the Indians, and the itiost ii!a|>orCant late ^ndiah

■> -J

wars to the time of the pt&^k ^W^*^

By SAMUEL q/jJ^AJUe'.. r -

■J e

'oa» va' 3^ ^o* ■^■>

SJ^im EDITIOliJ WITli ?LaTES,

-•TT~rrTr-o f^r-T —

The untzampled achievfui^ts^qf 6i4r &^^s, should not be forgotten.

' ■'' ' ^ ' ' Washington.

Wlnt wars they wagM» w^iStf i^esis. wkat ^iang^i^ past.

What gloriovs enq>tre jsrov^^^d tJ^^ ^ous ai la^ .....CABI0E5S.

BOSTON:
PRINTED BY THOMAS B. WAIT AND SON.

FOR 8Ai:.B BT THE BOOKSELLERS.

1827.

Checlcc4

m» ^91 1^

■X. -^

THE NEW YOU

»|ttU

C u9%m

6330^5

DISTRICT OP MASSACHUSETTS— TO wit •.

District Clerk'i Office.

" Be it remembered. That on the eighth day of January, A.D.

(L. S.) 1827, in the fifty-first year of the Independence of the IJnited

States <^ America, Samuel G. Drake, of the said District, has

deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims a*

proprietor in the words following, to wit :

" The History of Philip's War, commonly called the Great Indiah War
of 1675 and 1676. Also, of the French and Indian Wars at the Eastward,
in 1689, 1690, 1692,1696, and 1704. By Thomas Church, Esq.—With nu-
merous notes to explain the situation of the places of Battles, the particular
Geography of the ravaged Country, and the lives of the principal persons
engaged in those wars. Also, an Appendix, containing an account of the
Treatment of the Natives by the early voyagers, the settlement of N.
England by the Forefathers, the Pequot War, narratives of persons carri-
ed into captivity, anecdotes of the Indians, and the most important late
Indian Wars to the time of the Creek War. By Samuel G. Drake. Se-
cond Edition with plates.

The unexampled achievements of our fathers should not be ibrgotten.

Woihin^ton.
WSi^C w^s^&vTwag'd, Wh&f «{s^^ what dangers past,
\^a{ |l^ri7U8«mpi|a*^wn*d thetr toils at last. Camoens.'*

In conformity to the Act of tfie Congress of the United States, entitled
*' An Act fen** th* £]la^urageftlV^I1St of Learning, by securing the Copies
of Maps, Cl^aiiPiranc^tfcKSlv, io^Cie Authors and Proprietors of such Cop-
ies, during tffe HvckH (llSre*ifi mentioned :" and also to an Act entitled
" An Ac\ s'u^enent&fj^ l& M A<|t entitled. An Act for the Encourage-
ment of JJi^amdA&JJ'y t^tSup^r^heCCopie^ of Maps, Charts and Books to
the Authors UiAT Pit)t>%ii«l0'9 ^ '^<^ ^^^^ cturTi]^! ^ times therein
mentioned : and exten4Ih|Jth^ 1)«4ems theseofAo tljsl^j^ of Designings
Eo^aving aq4 Etching Historical anaother*prints?*' * *

TOHisr'^^ \%\iik i^ffer* oftht District
JOHN^ V. *>A^1«. i 'S^ Ma»9achH$ett$.

c t

t'C

• *.

* e • • # •

• «> fc c •

• • * a • u •
• • * •

• • *■'- I, •

• • • ^ v

•t-**

THE EDITOR'S PREFACE.

v^hukch's History of 'i King Philip's War," &c.
was first published at Boston, in 1716, in quarto. It
was reprinted in Newport, in 1772, in octavo. I have
never met with a copy of the first edition, therefore
I copy from the second. This is now very scarce
and rarely to be met with. It is however preserved
in some private libraries in the old colony, in the Athe-
neum at Boston, and other literary institutions there
and elsewhere.

* The lamentable manner ia which Hutchinson ,in
his History of Massachus^ti : pas&eA ov^ ihe^InSian
wars, causes us much regretVand a desire to catch
at every thing that can give any light tipon them. He
is particular in relating the witdrr'affaits'df'the co-
lony, but when we have follow^: him /inio JMiilip's
I war, being 1^ "dt "fif^t wrth;int€ i^i^t^ng f>articulars,
^ he stops shori; tinAsdty^y " It is'^iot mydesign to enter
[{ into every minut^'^oircaxmstajice of the war." But
does not tell us 'Why^ .Thjs is* the more to be la-
mented, as his mean« .were 'more a^ple for such his-
tory than can noV be^ad.. . . >'. »
J ' ^ In 1825 I published a small edition of this history,
; * containing however but few additions to the old,
j^ whi<Sh bemg immediately taken up, occasioned the
|V early appearapce of this. In an early period it was
^ designed to publisli the work as it now appears. Ac-
1^ cordingly many valuable papers and rare works had
t been collected, but not used in tlie first edition, on

,IV THE EDITOR»S PREFACE.

account of the magnitude and early promise of the
work.

The papers had been much forwarded previous to
the Courtstreet fire, of 10 November, 1825, in the
time of which a trunk was stolen, containing many
of the manuscript notes, relating particularly to the
biography of the principal persons that figured in
the Indian wars. These in many instances I could
not restore, which is very much regretted ; though
not more than my want of information on subjects
in general. But a consciousness is felt, that some-
thing though small, is redeemed from oblivion, which
will be thought valuable bj'^posterity.

Of such gentlemen as have had the opportunities"^
of many years to examine the history of our country,
together with every advantage from access to all pub-
lick and private documents^ I have every indulgence
to ask.

In regard to the accurate performance of the work,
I can only observe, that a scrupulous regard to
accuracy has been paid ; yet, errours may have
beejj ^qmhii\ted^^blit* lit ^aicase inadvertently. And
as -66/ iao»l ^utheiitick^iiisttorians have failed in many
of these^ points, AJcrC^tion will not be expected in me.

The same^ j^aiflg^nce for the commission of literal
errour§,^'as;fQ;; olheis,^is ;Solicited, though the excuse

answered. For sb**^all hfstortedl iWenimrs (says Dr,
Colman) should be wrltieit^IjfojEl'pumber of parti-
culars I have deviated jTrom'TOmmon usage ; but in
none without good .TGfitsahsjJ'li^J? lo Jne satisfactory.
As one instance it is d]JserVe*(l,\lftft.ci>mpound names
of places, in general, are written like simple names.
For this deviation from general custom, no apology
will be expected of me, as it has been proved to be
preferable by a writer of great eminence.*

*Joel Barlow, Elsq. See his Colinnbiad, printed 1807,
Philadelphia, 4to.

THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. V

In correcting the text, superfluous words are some-
times left out ; but this [ — ^1 sign is substituted, and
the word or words omitted are given in the margin
included by the same marks. When a word is al-
tered, it is also included in bracketSt and the word
given in the margin as it stood in the original, and
included in the same way. All wordsj presumed to
be wanting, are inserted between brackets without
reference to the margin, and are by the present editor.
All notes included by the parenthesis were by the
original author, and attached to the old edition.

I should tiEike it as a great kindness, should any
person conmiunicate to me any information where it
IS presumed to be wanting in the notes to this work ;
or point out any errours in what is already done, that
future editions may be more perfect.

It being the particular design of this edition to
render it uniform and consistent with respect to ar-
rangement and " originality" of expression, few lib-
erties have been taken with the composition ; few in-
deed, unless pointed out as above expressed. In
some instances however, some connective particles
have been dropped and the signs omitted. But in
such cases what is omitted was superfluous tautology.
Therefore the reader may be assured that the text is
correctly copied. From the present appearance of
the work, its former erroneous composition is too
easily discovered ; yet it is som^ consolation, that in-
numerable errours have been detected, and general-
ly, inasmuch as the design of the subject would admit.

It was thought advisable to accompany the work
with an Appendix, wherein something new, or of later
date might be given, as young persons generally
prefer new things to old. It was rather difficult to
make the selection for this patt, not for want of ma-
terials, but because they were so numerous ; and so
many seem to deserve the same attention. But the
articles are authentick, and as interesting, it is pre-
sumed, as can be found.

THE BXH^OE'S PRBFAOfi.

-^'

M there afft^ffbreot editions of many of the axh
thomcitedin this work, 4iiN: t)|^ convenience of re-
fei^nc^, a^ table, coataining the chief of them, is.
hole given.

f :^,

AmerteaB AmuiU *
American Biogtaphj
Adacrican Biograpby
Aaiub of NewcDgUod
Antiouanan. Researches
Aranis of (ke Eevolirtioa
History of America
History of ConaecticiA
History of Massachusetts
History of Maioe
History of Massachusetts
History of Maryland
Histwy of Kewenglaad
History of Newengland
History of Newengland
History of Newhampshire
History of Newyork
History of Pennsylvania
History of Xorthcarolina
History of U. Slates
History of Vermont
Hist. Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc.
Hist. CoL N. Y. Hist. Soc.
Hist. Ool. Newhampshire
Hist. Col. N.H. Hist. Soc.
Humphreys^ Works
Magnalia C. A. ^
Nar. of Indian Wars
Kewengland Diography
Ncwengland^s Memorial
Newhampshire Gazetteer
Snm. Hist. Mass. bay
Travels throughout N. A.
Wonders Invisible World.
Wars of Newengland.

Autbor

Where print-
ed

A. Hola«f
J. Belknap
W. A»lan
T. Primie
E. Hoyt
J. Morse.

W. Robertion

B. Trunball
T. Kutchiosoa
J. SaUivan
a. R. Minot
J. L. Bozman
J. Winthrop
H. Adams
Morse &. Parish
J. Belknap
W. Smith

R. Proud
H. Williamson
B. Trumbull
S. Williams

Farmer Sc Moore

T). Humphreys
O. Mather
W. Hubbard
J. Eliot
N. Morton
Farmer & Moore
W. Douglass
J. Carver
R. Calef
S. Penhallow

•abrids»
Boston
Cambridge
Boston
Hteenfield
Hartford
Philadelphia
Ncwhavan ,
Salem
Boaton
Boston
Baltimore
Borton
Boston
Charlestown
PhiL^Bostpn
Albany
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Boston
Burlington
Boston
Newyork
Concord
Concord
Newyork
Hartford
Brattleboro.
Boston
Newport
Concord
Boston
London
Salem
Boston

yfkwk

1806

1794, 1798

1809

1826

182-tl

1824

1821

1818

1795

1798,1803

1811

1836,1886

1799

1804

1812,1813

' im

1797, 1798

1812

1810

1809

A-om 1792

1811 to 14

1822,3,4

tstinl824

1804

1820

1814

1809

1772

1823

1749

1781

1796

1726

vols.

2
2
1
1
1

•1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
2

20
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
1

Form

« vo-

8
&
«
»
8
8

d
8

\»
8

12 mo
8 vo
8
8
[8

8
8
8
8
8
8
8

12 mo
8 ve
8

13 mo
8 vo
8

12 mo
12

In addition to the abb^e fist, many works have
been consulted, but the assistance from them has
been smaller. Some of the most important are Hub-
bard's History of Newengland, Stiles' History of the
Judges, Whitney's History of Worcester, and the
Histories of several of the southern states. The free
use I have made of every author's works is amply ac-
knowledged in the notes. Reference is made to some
late editions of works in preference to the first, not
only as they are more uniform, but because they will
now be oftener met with. But in most cases such

THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. vii

have been compared with the originals. To two
works in particular, it was thought most advisable ;
fisimely, Penhallow's "Wars of N. England," and
Prince's Annals. The first of these is now reprinted
ill the I VoL o€ the N. H. Hist. Soq. Col-> wbicbt
tiough not so perfect as it* might have ^^n, is^ on th^.
whole, a work to be prized. A handsoine edition in
octavo of the valuable Aonal? was published last
year, by Messrs. Cummings, Hilliard, and Company,
Boston. Though this is not ^ioac^fy reprinted, yet, no-
thing is altered, that I have met with, but for the bet-
ter ; and, excepting a few typographical errours, is
splendidly executed.

Having already drawn out my preface to too great
a length, the whole is submitted without any apolo-
gy. And the publisher takes this opportunity of
giving his graiefiil respects to all h^ patrcois, and
with pleasure subscribes himself, their much obliged
and sincere friend.

SAMUEL G, DRAKE.

BoBtoHj 2 January i 1821.

[The following is an exact copy of the title page
of the old edition.]

THE

ENTERTAINING

HISTORY

OF ,

KING PHILIP'S WAR,

WHICH BEGAN IN THE MONTH OF JUNE, 167d.

AS ALSO OF

EXPEDITIONS

MORE LATELY MADE

AGAINST THE COMMON ENEMY, AND INDIAN REBELS, IN THS
EASTERN PARTS OF NEW-ENGLAND:

WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE

TOWARDS

COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH:

By THOMAS CHURCH, Es*. his son.

SECOND EDITION,

*- ■ ,

BOSTON : PRINTED, 1716.

NEWPORT, RHODE-ISLAND : REPRINTED AND SOLD BT
SOLOMON SOUTHWICKy IN qUE£N-STR££T, 1773.

TO THE READER.

X HE subject of this £:Jlowing fia/rative, ofieriog it*
self to your friendly perusal, relates to the fofiner and
later wars of Newengland, which I myself was n9i m,
little concerned in: For in the year 1675, that unhappy
and bloody Indian war broke ai4t in Plyinouth coIch
ny, where I was then building, and begiDmng m
plantation, at a place called by the Indicoift, Sog-
konate, and since, by the English, Little Compton.
1 was the first Englishman that built upon that neck,
which was full of Indians. My head and haack were
Ml about settling a new plantation, where nothiiig
was brought to; no preparation of dwelling houae^ or
outhouses, or fencing made; horses and cattle were
to be provided, ground to bo cleared and broken up;
and the utmost caution to be used, to keep myself
free from offending my Indian neighbours all round
about me. While I was thus busily employed, and
all my time and strength laid out in this laborious
undertaking, I received a commission from the go-
vernment to engage in their defence : And with my
commission I received another heart, inclining me
to put forth my strength in military service : And
through the grace of God I was spirited for that
work, and direction in it was renewed ta me day by
day. And although many of the actions that I was
concerned in were very difficult and dangerous, yet,
myself, and those who went with me voluntarily in
the service, had our lives, for the most part, wonder*
fhlly preserved by the overruling hand of the Al-
mighty from first to last ; which doth aloud bespeak
our praises : And to declare his wonderful wOrks is
our indispensable duty.

X TO THE READER.

I was ever very sensible of my own littleness, and
unfitness to be employed in such great services. But
cdiling to mind that God is strong, I endeavoured
to put all my confidence in him, and by his Almighty
power, was carried through every difllicult action;
and my desire is, that his name may have the praise.

It was ever my intent, having laid myself- under a
solenm promise, that the many and repeated favours
of God to myself and those with me in the service
might be published for generations to come. And
now my sreat ajge requinng my dismission from ser-
vice in the militia, and to put ofi* ipy armour, I am
willing that the sreat and glorious works of Almighty
God, to us, children of men, should appear to the
world : And having my minutes by me, my son has
taken the care and pains to collect from them the en-
suing narrative of many passages relating to the
former and latter wars; which I have had the perusal
of, and find nothing amiss, as to the truth of it, and
with as little reflection upon any particular person,
as might be, either alive or dead.

And seeing every particle of historical truth is
precious, I hope the reader will pass a favourable
censure upon an old soldier, telling of the many ren-
counters he has had, and yet is come off" alive.

It is a pleasure to remember what^a great number
of families, in this and the neighbouring provinces,
in Newengland, did, during the war, enjoy a great
measure of liberty and peace by the hazardous sta-
tions and marches of those engaged in military exer-
cises; who were a wall unto them on this side and
on that side.

I desire prayers, that I may be enabled well to
accomplish my spiritual warfare, and that I may be
more than conqueror through Jesus Christ's loving
me.

BENJAMIN CHURCH.

PAir-SMllLJE dEFAK a^SCiEllKAIL LIKENESS

THE LIFlE OF COL. CHURCH.*

\yoLONEL Benjamin Church was born in 1639, at
Duxbury, near Plymouth, of reputable, parents, who
lived and died there. His father's name was Joseph,
who, with^wo of his brethren, came early into New-
england, as refugees from the religious oppression
of the parent state. Mr. Joseph Church, among other
children, had three sons, Joseph, Caleb, and Benja-
min. Caleb settled at Watertown, the other two at
Seconet, or Little Compton. Benjamin, the hero
of this history, was of a good stature, his body well
proportioned, and built for hardiness and activity.
Although he was very corpulent and heavy in the
latter part of his life, yet, when he wets a young man
he was not so ; being then active, sprightly and
vigorous. Ife carried dignity in his countenance
—thought and acted with a rational and manly judg-
ment — ^which, joined with a naturally generous, obli-
ging and hospitable disposition, procured him both
authority and esteem. He married Mrs. Alice South-
worth, by whom he had a daughter, Mrs. Rothbotham,
and five sons, viz., Thomas Church, the author or
publisher of this history, and father of the honourable
Thomas Church, Esq., now living in Little Compton;
Constant Church a Captain under his father in the
eastern ez]>edition, and in the militia; and of a mili-

* The life of Church was not added to tne first edition. —
Bat to the second it was, and was the last article in the
book; excepting a Latin ode of one page, which is now omit-
ted. This life containing some prefatory remarks, it was
thought proper to place it at the beginning of the work. It
was judged best to omit the above mentioned Latin ode to
give place to more interesting articles. Whaf follows was
placed at the head of the page. Ode Heroica (a nepote
ilenns compositd) Biog^raphtce praeedenti diffigenda sU.

XU LIFE OF COL. CHURCH.

tary and enterprising sfMrit ; Benjamin Chnrch, who
died a bachelor ; Edward Church,* whose only son
now living, is Deacon Benfamin Chorchf of Ba^toii,
who furnishes these memoirs of the family; and
Charles Church, who bad a numerous issue.

Colonel Church was a man of integrity , justice, aiKl
uprightness, of piety and serious religion.} He wasr
a member of the church of Bristol at its foundation,
in the Rev. Mr. Lee's^ day. He was constant and de-
vout in family worship, wherein he read anckoften ex-
pounded the scriptures to his household. He was eae-
emplary in observing the Sabbath, and in attending
the worship and ordinances of God in the sanctuary.
He lived regularly, and left an example worthy of

f H« was also a Captain under his father in the last easterii^
expedition.

t Probably the same whose name is found associated with
the venerable James Otis, Samuel Adams, Joseph War-
ren, and others, as a " Committee of correspondence" in the
memorable revolution, and to which he probably belonged
when he wrote this account of the .family. See American
Annals, II, 300. Also the sta/^ding which he appears to have
maintained among the fraternity of Masons, speaks his emi-
nence.

jWhat is here said of the Colonel, is placed after his son ''
Edward, by a writer in Farmer and Moore's Collections ;
where this account appears to be copied.- It niusl be an. er*-
rour in the copyist, and one, too, which it required some pain^
to commit ; not but that the son (for au^ht I know) deserved
as high encomiums, but we have no right to bestow such
upon the son, at the father's expense. , But thus much wer« it
intentionaL

§ Rev. Samuel Lee, the^^rst minister of Bristol, R. L He
was born in London, 1625, came to this country in 1686 ^
but in two or three years came to the conclusion to return to
his native country. Before he sailed, he told his wife that
he had discoverea a star j which, according to the laws of As^
trojlogy, presaged captivity, which unfortunately came to
pass. Hesfi^iled in 1691, and in his passage was taken by
the Frcnch^and carried into France, where he died the
same year. ^See Allen's Biog. 881. Dr. C. Mather repre-
sents ten as possessing very* extraof dinary learning. Sec
Magnalia Christi Amerieana, I, 548.

UFE OF COL. CHURCH. XUl

the imitation of his posterity. He was a friend to the
civil and religious liberties of his country, and great-
ly rejoiced in the revolution.* He was Colonel of
the militia in th#coimty of Bristol. The several
offices of civil and military trust, with which he was
entrusted from time to time, through a long life, he
discharged with fidelity and usefulness.

The war of 1675, was the most important Indian
war, that Newengland ever saw. Philip or Meta-
cometf (ason of good oldMASSASOIT,J and his se-
cond successor) had wrought up the Indians of all the
tribes through Newengland, into a dangerous com-

* By William and Mary.

t Though the chiefs of savage nations are generally called
Kings, yet says Smith, they " have no such dignity or office
among them.'* Hist. N. Y. 197. Philip, at different periods
of his life, was known hy different names, as at first, he
was called Metacomet or Metacom. See Morton, 171,
172. This celebrated chief has been called by some, though
wrongly I contend, King of the Narragansets. He was
King orchief of the Wampanoags, or Pokanokets, the situa-
tion of whose country will be described in my first note to
" Philip's War." It is true that these Indians as well as the
Narragansets themselves inhabited about the bay of that
name, but they had their King as well as the Pokanokets,
and were independent of each other.

Different opinions seem to have prevailed with regard to
this chief's pedigree; that is, whether he were a son or
erandson of Massassoit. Prince and Trumbull inform us
that he was his grandson; Hutchinson and Belknap, that he
was his son. Why these respectable authors saw cause to
differ, and not inform us, is not easy to tell. These are not
all the authors on each side, but most readers are apprised
of this, no doubt, before I had taken this trouble to inform
them.

J Prince, in his text, writes Masassoit ; but adds this note..
" The printed accounts generally spell him Massasoit ; Goy-
ernour Bradford writes him Massasoyt, and Massasoyet ; but
I find the ancient people from their fathers in Plymouth col-
ony, pronounce his name Ma-sas-so-it." N. E. Chron. 187.
However, the most preferable way seems to be Massassoit.
Some account of the life of this constant friend of the Pil-
grims will be found in the course of this history.

2 '

.» .

XIV LIFE OF COL. CHUBCH.

bination to extirpate the English. It was one of
the last works of the conmiissioners of the united
colonies, (a. council [in] which subsisted the great
security olNewengland, from 164i to 1678) to break
up this confederacy. An army of one thousand Eng-
lish was on foot at once, under the command of
Governour Winslow. Whoever desires further in-
formation concerning this war, may consult Mr. Hub-
bard's* history of it. The part Colonel Churctf
acted in it is exhibited in this plain narrative, given
by hi»fion, two years before his father's death.
' Colonel Church perfectly understood the manner
of the Indians in %hting, and was thoroughly ac-
quainted with their haunts, swamps, and places of
refuge, on the territory between Narraganset and
cape Cod. There he was '^particularly successftil;
on that field he gathered his laurels. The surprisal
and seizure of Annawon was an act of true boldness
imd heroism. Had the eastern Indians been sur-*
rounded with English settlements, there is reason to
think that he would have been more successful among
them. But on a long and extended frontier, open
to immense deserts, little more has ever been done
by troops of undoubted courage, than to arouse and
drive off the Indians into a wide howling wilderness,

* Mr. William Hubbard, minister of Ipsv^rich, the best his-;
torian in Newengland, of the age, unless we except Mr.
Prince. The truth of which his works abundantly prove.
Although some labour has been done to detract from him
some ofhis justly acquired fame, yet, it does and eyer will
remain unimpaired. This would be true had he never writ-
ten any thing but his Narrative. To his " History of New-
england," ^Iathe^ is chiefly indebted for what is correct in
his renowned book of jargons, the Ms^nalia Christi Ameri-
cana. See president Allen's Biog. Dictionary. He died
Sept^ 1704, aged 83 years. Gov. Hutchinson remarks on the
character of him, that " he was a man of learning, of a candid
and benevolent mind, accompanied, as it generally is, with
a good degree of Catholicism ; which, I think, was not ac-
counted the most valuable part of his character in the age m
which he lived." Hist. Mass. II, ^36.

LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. XV

where it was as much in vain to seek them, as fi>r
Caesar to seek the Gauls in the Hircinian forests.

The present edition* of this history is given without
iteration in the body of it; being thought best to
let it go down to posterity, (like the Periplua of Han'
noj) with its own internal marks of originality. How-
ever the editor in the margin hath given the English
names of places described by Indian names in the
narrative; and also some few notes and illustra-
tiioiis.

After Philip's war Colonel Church settled ; and
at first at Bristol, then at Fallriver, (Trtiy) lastly at
Seconet. At each of which places he acqmred,
and left a large estate. Having served his genera**
tioa faithfully, by the will of God he fell asleep, and
was gathered unto his fathers. He died and was bu*
lied at Little Compton.

The morning before his death, be went about two
miles on horse back to visit his only sister, Mnu
Irish, to sympathise with her on the death of her only
child. After a friendly and pious visit, in a mov-
ing and affecting manner, he took his leave of her,
and said, it was a last farewell. Telling her, [that]
he was persuaded he should never see her more ;
but hoped to meet her in heaven. Returning home-
ward, he had not rode above half a mile, before his
horse stumbled, and threw him over his head. And
the Colonel being exceeding fat and heavy, fell with

"^ ■ — -^ ■ -' — ■ -^ ■»■■■■■■■■-..■■■ ■ II -■■ ^1. ■!»■■■■ !■ ,iiwi ,,.■ mmmt m — —^■^■^M^^—

* The edition from which this is taken.

fHanno was "the famous Carthaginian," who in a re-
mote age of navigation, made a voyage into the Atlantick
o<;ean, and "sailed seeking for thirty days the western parts,"
takiae his departure from the pillars of Hercules (straits of
Gibraatar.) Hence some infer that he must have discovered
some parts of America, because Columbus did in about the
tame lensth of time. He wrote a book containing an ac-
count of his discoveries, which he entitled Periplum or Peri-
plus. See a work lettered " America Known to the An-
cMDts/' Dr, Robertson's Hist. America, I, i. Belknap's
Biog. 1, 16.

\Vl LIFE OF COL. CHURCH.

such force, that a blood vessel was broken, and the
blood gushed out of his mouth like a torrent. His
wife was soon brought to him. He tried but was
unable to speak to her, and died in about twelve
Iiours. He was carried to the grave with great fune-
ral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with mili-
tary honours. On his tomb stone is this inscrip-
tion.

HERE LIETH INTERRED THE BODY
OF THE HONOURABLE

COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH, Es^.;

WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE,

JANUARY 17th, 1717 18,

IN THE 78 YEAR OF HIS AGE.*

JVewpo7i April 8, 1772.

. — . ^ *

* " High in «steem among the great he stood ;
His wisdom made him lovely, great and good.
Tho' he be said to die, he will survive ;
Thro' future time his memory shall live."

See a poem called " A description of Pennsylvania, Anno
1729," by Thomas Makin, in Proud's Hist. II, 361. The
above though applied to the founder of that province, as good,
at least, is deserved by the venerated Church ; who, through
the foul intrigue, and low caprice of office seekers, and the
blind zeal of ambitious bigots, suffered much, both as to
fame and fortune, in his time. The truth of this remark will
fully appear in the ensuing history.

^
^

THE

ENTERTAINING HISTORY

PHILIP'S WAR,

WHICH BEGAN IN THE YEAR 1675. WITH THE PROCEED-
INGS OF

BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.*

J N the year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church of Duxbury,
being providentially at Plymouthf in the time of the

• As the author does not begin with the causes and first
events of this war, it may be proper to introduce the most
important here. His intention appears to have been to give
an account of this war, so far, only, as his father was engag-
ed in it, as himself observes in another place.

Although not a year had passed since the settlement of
Plymouth without some difficulties with the Indians, I will
go so far back, only, as immediately concerns Philip's War.

After the close of the Pequot war, in 1637, it was conjec-
tured by the English, that the Narragansets took some af-
front on account of the division of the captive Pequots,
among themselves and the Mohegans ; and that the English
(bowed partiality. These tribes had assisted in the con-
quest of the Pequots, and were in a league with the Eng-
lish, and each other. For some time the Narragansets prac-
ticed secret abuses upon the Mohegans ; but at length they
were so open in their insults, that complaints were made to
the English, whose interest it was to preserve peace between
them. In 1642, it was thought that they were plotting to
cut oflf the English. They so pressed upon the Mohegans,

t Some authors, both ancient and modern wrote this word
Plimouth, but custom has adopted the manner as used in the
text. 2*

18 PHILIP'S WAR.

court, fell into acquaintance witli Captain Joiin Almy
of Rhodeisland. Captain Almy witli great impor-

in 1645, that the colonics were obliged to interfere with an
armed force.

The Wampanoags, or Pokanoket«, of which Philip was
Kia^, inhabited the tract of country where Bristol now is,
then called Pokanoket, thence north around Mounthope bay,
thence southerly, including the country of considerable
width, to Seconet. At the head of this trilse was Massassoit,
when the pil^ms arrived at Plymouth, who always lived in
i&iendship with them. He hacl tivo sons, who were called
Alexander and Philip, which names they received from Gov.
Prince of Plymouth, while there renewing a treaty, proba-
bly from Philip and Alexander of Macedon. Alexander be*
ing the elder assumed the power on the death of his father,
and it was soon found that he was plotting with the Narra-
gansets against the English ; but his reign was short. On
being sent for to answer to the court at Plymouth, to certain
allegations, he was so exasperated, it is said, that he fell into
a fever, and died before he reached home. This was about
1657. Philip succeeded, and his plottings were continual.
But he frequently renewed treaties and affected friendships
until 1671, when he made a loud complaint that some of the
English injured hU land, which in the end proved to be false.
A meeting was held at Taunton, not long after in conse-^
ciuence of the hostile appearance of Philip's men, by Gov.
Prince of Plymouth, and cfeputies from Massachusetts. Phi-
lip was sent for to give reasons for such warlike appearances.
He discovered extreme shyness, and for some time would not
come to the town, and then with a large band of his warriours
with their arms. He would not consent to go into the meet-
inghouse, where the delegates were, until it was agreed that'
his men should be on one side of the house, and the English
on the other. On being questioned, he denied having anj
ill designs upon the English, and said that he eame with his
men armed to prevent any attacks from the Narragansets ;
but this falsehood was at once detected, and it was evident
that they were united in their operations. It was also prov-
ed before him, that he had meditated an attack on Taunton,
which he confessed. These stops so confounded him that he
consented to deliver all his arms into the hands of the Eng-
lish as an indemnity for past damages. All of the guns which
he brought with him, about 70, were delivered, and the rest
were to be sent in, but never were. What would have becii
the fate of Newcnsland had Philip's warriours possessed those
arms in the war that ensued f This prevented immediate
>war, and it required several years to repair their loss, Philip

PH1LIP*S WAE* 19

tmaty invito him to ride with bim and view that part
of Plymouth colony that lay next toRhadekilandy
Imown then by their Indian names of Pocasset and
Sogkonate.* Among other arguments to persuade
him> he told him the soil was very rich, and the situa-
tion pleasant: Persuadesr him by all means to pw-
chase of the company some of the oourt grant rights.
He accepted his invitation, views the country and was
pleased with it, makes a purchase, settled a farm,
found the gentlemen of the island^ very civil and
obliging. And being himself a person of uncommon
activity and industry, he soon erected two buildings
upon his farm, and gained a good acquaintance with
the natives ; got much into their fkvoor, and was
in a little time in great esteem dmong them.|

The next spring advancing, while Mr. Church was
diligently settling his new farm, stocking, leasing and
(tisposing of his affairs, and had a fine prospect of
doing no small things; and hoping that his good suc-
cess would be inviting unto other good men to be-
come his neighbours : Behold ! the rumour of a war
between the English and the natives, gave check to

was indastrious to do this, and, at the same time, used his
endeavours to cause other tribes to engage in his cause. He
was tiot ready when the war did begin, to which, in some
measure, we may attribute his failure. Three of his men
were tried and hanged for the alleged murder of John Sae-
samon, whom Philip had condemned as a traitor. It so exas-
perated Philip and his men that their friends should be pun-
ished by the English, that they could no longer restrain their
violence. Thus are some of the most prominent events
sketc^ied which led to this bloody war. * Tne history of John
Sassamon or Sausaman, will be mund in a succeeding note.

♦ Pocasset, now Tiverton, was the name of the main land
against the north part of Rhodeisland. Sogkonate, after-
wards Seconet, now Little Compton, extends from Fogland
ferry to the sea ; in length between 7 and 8 miles.

t Rhodeisland, which was now quite well inhabited. It
was settled in 1638. Its Indian name was Aquetneck, and
afterwards called the Isle of Rodes by the English.

t Mr. Church moved here in the autumn of 1674,

20 PHILIPS WAR.

his projects. People began to be very jealous of the
Indians, and indeed they had no small reason to sus^
pect that they had formed a design of war upon the
English.^ Mr. Church had it daily suggested to him
that the Indians were plotting a bloody design. That
Philip the great Mounthope Sachem, was leader there-
in, and so it proved* He was sending his messengers
to all the neighbouring Sachems, to engage them into
a confederacy with him in the war.f Among the rest

* It may be diverting to some, to introduce here what
Cotton Mather calls an omen of the war that followed.
^< Things," says he, "began by this time to have an ominous
aspect. Yea, and now we speak of things ominous, we may
add, some time before this, [before those were executed for
the murder of Sassamon] in a clear, still, sunshiny morning,
there were divers persons in Maiden who heard in the air,
on the southeast of them, a great gun go oflf, and presently
thereupon the report of small guns like musket shot, very
thick discharging, as if there had been a battle. This was
at a time when there was nothing visible done in any part
of the colony to occasion such noises ; but that which most
of all astonished them was the flying of bullets, which came
singing over their heads, and seemed very near to them, af-
ter which the sound of drums passing along westward was
very audible ; and on the skme day, in Plymouth colony in
several places, invisible troops of horse were heard riding to
and fro," &c. Magnalia, II, 486. This is quite as credible
as many witch accounts in that marvellous work.

t The following is a statement of the probable numbers of
the Indians in Newengland at the time of Philip's war, also
of the English.

Dr. Trumbull in his Hist. U. States, I, 36, supposes there
were in Newengland at the time of settlement about 36,000
Indian inhabitants ; one third of which were warriours.
Their numbers gradually diminished as the whites increased,
so that we may conclude that there were not leas than 10,000
warriours at the commencement of Philip's war. Hutchinson,
I, 406, says that the Narragansets alone were considered to
amount to 2000 fighting men, in 1675. Hubbard, Nar. 67,
says they promised to rise with 4000 in the war. Governour
Hmkley states the number of Indians in Plymouth county, in
1685, at 4000 or upwards. Hist. U. States, I, 35. Beside
these there were in different towns about 2000 praying In-
dians, as those were called who adhered to the £n^ish reli-
gion j they took no part in the war. In

PHILIP'S WAR. 21

he sent six men to Awashonks, squaw sachem of the
Sogkonate Indians, to engage her in his interest ;*
Awashonks so far listened unto them, as to call her
subjects together, to make a great dance, which is
the custom of that nationf when they advise about
momentous affairs. But what does Awashonks do,
but sends away two of her men that well understood
the English language, (Sassamonj: and GecH-ge^ by

In 1673, the inhabitants of Newengland amounted to ahont
1^,000 souls, of whom, perhaps, 16,000 were able to bear
arms. Holmes' American Annals, I, 416.

• Dr. Belknap, in his Hist. N. Hampshire, I, 108, s^, on
the aHthori^ of Callender, that " The inhabitants of Bristol
shew a particular spot where Philip received the news of the
first Englishmen that were killed, with so much sorrow as to
cause him to weep." This he observes was very different
from the current opinion. No doubt the consternation of the
people, caused by an approaching war, had great effect in
establishing every thing unfavourable of Philip.

t It is the custom of most, if not all, the N. American In-
dians. See Capt. Carver's Travels in America, 269.

t John Sassamon, or as others spell it, Sausaman, was in-
structed in English by the celebrated Indian apostle, John
Eliot, and pretended to believe in the christian religion.
But for some reason he neglected its duties, and returned to a
savage life. About this time, or perhaps before, he advised the
English of some of Philip's plots, which so enraged him, that
he sought Sassamon's death, whom he considered as a rebel
and traitor. And this is the principle on which the English
themselves acted ; yet, they would not fiuiTer it in another
people, who, indeed, were as free as any other. The partic-
ulars were these : Sassamon was met on " a great pond,"
which I suppose to be Assawomset, by some of Philip's men,
who killed him and put him under the ice, leaving his hat
and gun on the ice, where they were found soon after ; and
also the dead body. See Hubbard's Narrative, 70, 71. This
must have been late in the spring of 1675, but there was ice.
Marks were found upon the body of Sassamon, that indicated
murder, and an Indian soon appeared, who said that he saw
some of Philip's Indians in the very execution of it. Three
were immediately apprehended, and tried at the court in

Plymouth,

§ An Indian, who from this time, was very friendly to Mr.
Church. All I can find concerning him is in this history.

23 PHILIP'S WAR*

name) to invite Mr. Church to the dance.* Mi*.
Church, upon the invitation, immediately takes with
him Charles Hazelton, his tenant's son, who well
understood the Indian language, and rode down to tfie
place appointed, where they found hundreds of
Indians satherM tocether from all parts of het
dominion: Awashonls herself in a foLing sweat,
was leading the dance ; but she was no sooner sen-
sible of Mr. Church's arrival, but she broke olf, sat
down, calls her nobles around her, [and] orders Mr.
Church to be invited into her presence. Compli*
ments being passed, and each one taking seat,
she told him [that] King Philip had sent six men
of his, with two of her people,f that had been over
at Mounthope,! to draw her into a confederacy with

Plymouth, in June, by a jury, says Mather, consisting of half ..
Indians, and half English, and brought in guilty of the murder. '
Two of them persisting in their innocence to the end, and
the third denied that he had any hand in the murder, but
said that he saw the others commit it. Perhaps he made this
confession in hones of pardon, but it did not save him. Mag-
nalia, II, 486. Mather places the death of Sassamon in 1674,
this was old style, hence it was previous to the 25th of March
1675. Hubbard, 69, says that Sassamon had been Philip's
secretanr, and chief counsellor. To what tribe he first be-
longed I have not ascertained, but from this history it appears
that he belonged to the Sogkonate Indians, in the spring of
1675.

* One might conclude this transaction to have been about
the middle of June, Inr its connexion with the commence-
ment of the war, but by the death of Sassamon it must be
placed much earlier.

t These two I conclude, were those, or among those men-
tioned bv Hubbard, 69, who discovered the plots of Philip,
one of wnom might be Sassamon.

I (Or MofU^haup, a mountain ixl Bristol.)

Why the author writes this word so I do not know, un-
less it were so pronounced in his day. Its ancient name was
Pokanoket. It is quite an eminence about two miles east
from the village of Bristol, very steep on all sides and termi-
nates in a large rock, which at a distance has the appearance
of a large dome of an amphitheatre. It is apparently com-
posed of pebbles and sand. On this now stands a small oc-
tagoniU buiMing. From many places on the ea^ ^hore, pay*

PHILIPS WAR. 28

him, in a war with the, Ebgiish; [and] desired him
to give her bis advice in the case; and to tell her the
truth, whether the Umpame* men, (as Philip had told
h^) were giOhering a great army to invade Philip's
country. He assured her he would tell her the truth,
and give her his best advice. Then he told her it
was but a few days since he came from Plymouth,
and [that] the English were then making no prepa-
rations for war ; that he was in company with the
principal gentlemen of the government, who had no
discourse at all about war, and he believed no thoughts
about it. He asked her whether she thought he
would have brought up his goods to settle in that
place, if he apprehended an entering into [a] war with
so near a neighbour. She seemed to be somewhat
convinced by his talk, and said she believed he spoke
the truth. Then she called for the Mounthope men,
who made a formidable appearance, with their faces
painted, and their hairs trimmed up in comb fashion,
with their powderhorns and shot bagsf at their backs

ticalarly at the little village of Fallriver, this mount forois
a beautiful acclivity in the landscape ; very nearly resem-
bling a view of the State house at iBoston irom a distance.
On an excursion there in the mmmer of 1824, many gratify-
iog objects were discovered, relating to the times of which
we treat. A most beautilul prospect of Providence and the
surrounding country and bay appears from this mount.

* The Indian name for Plymouth.

t It has been a question among many, how the Indians be-
came furnished, so soon, with our implements of war. It is
not probable that every source is known : but they no doubt,
had a large supply from the French in the east of Neweng-
land. A man by the name of Morton, who came to this coun-
try in 1622, is said to have been the first that suppHed the
Indians with arms and ammunition, and taught them their
use, in the country adjacent to Cape Cod. This he done
that the Indians might hunt and procure furs for him. S<ec-
retary Morton, in his Newengland's Memorial, 76, says, " he
had been a petty-fogger at Furnival's Inn, having more craft
than honesty ;" but in justice to him it may be observed,
that the Memorialist has made every circumstance appear in
the darkest dress, and not only of him, but othersi woom, in^

24 PHILIP»S WAR.

which among that nation is the posture and figure of
preparedness for war. She told Mr. Church these
were the persons that had brought her the report of
the English preparations for war, and then told them
what Mr. Church had said in answer to it. Upon
this began a warm talk among the Indians, but it was
soon quashed, and Awashonks proceeded to tell Mr.

deed, we had rather speak in praise. All historians, with
whom I am conversant, Agree that he was a disorderly per-
son, of had morals, and gave people much trouble. He re-
sided first in Mr. Weston's Plantation at Wessagusset, now
Weymouth; but that breaking up the next year, 1623, he
next settled with Captain Wallaston at or near the same
place in 1625, and the place being near the hill that separates
Weymouth from Quincy, was called Mount Wallaston.
Capt. Wallaston with most of his company abandoned the
plantation, and Morton usurped the government. They
soon found themselves involved in difficulties with the In-
dians and with one another. They erected a Maypole, and
practiced their excesses about it. Selling arms to the na-
tives being a breach of the laws among others, he was seized
by order of the court, and soon after, 1628, sent to England.
No notice of the complaints against him being taken, ne re-
turned the next year. He was afterwards imprisoned for
his writings. He died at Agamenticus in 1644 or 6,
according to Allen, American Biog. 441. He has been ac-
cused of giving currency to the story of ** hanging the wea-
ver instead of the cobbler." The author of Hudibras get-
ting hold of the story, has, in that work. Part H, Canto II,
line 403, Sec, set it off to the no small expense of the zeal of
the Pilgrims. See Belknap, Amer. Biog. II, 318, Prince
Chron. 212, and Savage's edition of Winthrop, I, 34, 35, 36,
where the passage may be seen. The latter author says it
was not so, on the authority of Morton himself ; but as the
affair happened at Weston's plantation, where Morton was
concerned, it is natural that he should say the right one was
hanged. In a note to line 413, in the passage above referred
to, is the following positive assertion : " The history of the
Cobbler had been attested by persons of good credit, who
were upon the- place when it was done." Early authors
hinted at the affair, and late ones have enlarged upon it.
The truth no doubt is as follows: The people of that planta-
tion were in a state of starvation, and by stealing from the
In^ans had incurred their vengeance, which to satisfy, they
hanged one ; who^ Hudibras says, w^s a bedrid weaver,
whereas the right one was a useful cobbler, whom they could
not 50 well spare.

Chiii^^h, thai Philip's message to her was, that imless
«he would forthwith enter inta a (K>nfoderacy with
^im in a war a^aiost the English, he would send his
m&n over privately, to kiU the English cattle, and
teun their houses 4m that »de of the river, which
wottki provoke the English to fdl Upon her, whom,
they would without doubt, suppose ^e author of the
mischief. Mr. Church told her he was sorry to see
so threatening an aspect of afiairs ; and stepping to
the Iklounthopes, he felt of their bags, and finding
Uiem filled with bullets^' asked them what those
ballets were for* They scoffingly replied, " To shoot
pigeons with." Then Mr. Church turned to Awa-
fibonks, and told her, £that] if Philip were resolved
to make war, her best way would be to knock those
six Mouathopes on tlie hea^, and shelter herself under
the protection of the English. Upon which the Mount-
hopes were for the present dumb. But those two of
AwashcMoks' men, who had b^en at Mounthope,
expressed themselves in a furious manner against his
advice. And Littleeyes,* one of the Queen's coun-
sel joined with them, and urged Mr. Church to go
aside with him among the bushes, that he might have
j?ome private discourse with him, which other Indians
immediately forbid 5 being sensible of his ill design.
Jiut the Indians began to side, and grow very warm.
Mr. Church, with undaujnted courage, told the Mount-
liopes, [that] they were bloody wretches, and thirsted
after the blood of their English neighbours, who had
never injured them, biit had always abounded in their
kindness to them. That for his own part, though
he desired nothing more than peace, yet, if nothing
but war would satisfy them, he believed he should
prove a sharp thorn in their sides : Bid the company
observe those men that were of such bloody disposi-
tions, whether providence would suffer them to live

* He was afterward taken in the war that followed, by
Church, and treated very kindly, as< will be seen in the prcH
^ess of this history.

26 , MUUFSWAB.

to. see the event of the ww, whicfa others, mote
peaceably disposed, mifi;fat do. Then he told Awasr-
hpnks, [that] he thought it might be most advisable
k»[ her to smd to the 6ovenx>iir of Plymouth,^ and
shelter herself and people tisKler his protection.
^ ^ She liked his advice, and desired him to go on her be-
half to the Plymouth government, which he ctmsent-
ed to. And at parting advised her, [that] whatever
she did, not to desert the English interest to join
with her neighbours in a rebellion,f which would
certainly prove fatal to her. (He moved none of his
goods from his house, that there might not be the
least umbrage from such an action.]:) She thanked
him for his advice, and sent two of her men to guard
him to his house, [who]' when they came there,
mged him to take care to secure his goods, which he
remsed, for the reasons before mentioned ; but desired
the Indians, that if what they feared, should happen,
they would take care of what he left, and directed
them to a place in the woods where they should
di6{5ose of them, which* they faithfully observed. He

1 [which] %

• ■■■'■ " I ,1 . 1 1 ■ ■ ' - ...

• The Honourahle Josiah Winslow, Esq., who was after-
wards commander in chief of the forces in this war. He was
a son of the distinguished Mr. Edw^d Winslow, who was
also Oovernour of Plymouth many years. He was horn in
1629, and was the first Governor born in Newengland, which
office he filled 7 years. He died 18 Dec. 1680, aged 52.

t This war was called a rebellion, because the English
fancied them under the Kin^ of England, but that did not
make them so. As well might emigrants from the United
States land on the coast of France, and because they were
disputed by the in)iabitants, of their right so to do, call them
rebels ; yet, when the country was neither claimed nor im-
proved, certainly, to take possession and improve was not
wrong. Our author is by no means so lavish of ill names as
many early writers. Hellhounds, fiends, serpents, caitifis,
dogs, fiw5., were their common appellations. The ill fame of
Mather» in this respect, will be celebrated as long as the
marvellous contents of the Magnalla are read.

t This sentence was included in brackets in the copy but
as I have appi^opriated that mark to my own use, I subiti-
tttte the parenthesis^

J«ILIFS WAB. 37

took his leave of fits gvard, [after biddingP ^kem
tell liieir mistress, [that] if she continued steady m
her dependence on the English, and kept within her
own limits of Sogkonate, he would see her mim
quickly ; and then hastened away to Pocasset ;* where
he met witk Peter Nunnuit, the husband of the
Queenf of Pocasset, who .was just then cone over in
a canoe from Mounthope. Peter told him that there
would certainly be war, for Philip had held a dance
ef seyeral weeks continuance, and had entertained
the young men from all parts of the country. And
added, that Philip expected to'* be sent lor to Ply*
mouth, to be examined about Sassamon's| death, who
was murttered at Assawomset ponds,^ knowing him-
self guUty of eontriying that murder. The same
Peter told him that he saw Mr. James Brawn,|| of

1 [and bid]

* (Tiverton shore over against the north end of Ehodeisl-

t Weetamorr or Wetamoe,' "Philip^s near kinswoman."
Hub. 25M. The same mentioned in another place, as
" Squaw Sachem of Pocasset." She was drownea in cross-
ing a river or arm of the sea at Swanzej, 6 August, 1675,
bv attempting to escape from a party of English. lb. 3S4.
Her heaa was cut off, and set upon a pole. ibid.

t The same of whom the history is given in notc^ on
page 31.

§ (Middleborough.)

Three laree ponds about 40 miles from Boston, and 16
from Newbedford. In passing from the latter place to the
former we have the largest on the right, which now bears the
name of Assawomset, or Assawamset, and two others on the
left. They are all very near together. The road passes be-
tween two, separated only by a narrow neck of flat land,
about a stone's throw over.

H <' One of the magistrates of Plymouth jurisdiction."
Hubbard, 13. This gentleman was very active in the war*
He was. a magistrate between the years 1670 and 1675*
Morton, 308. A minister of Swanzey is menti<Hied by Ma*
ther in his third eltnU of Newengland ministers fy this
name.

)

28 PHILIJP'S WAR.

Si»^anzeyj* and Mr. Samuel . Gortoint who was an
interpreter, itnd two other men, J who brought a letter

* A town on the west side of Taunton river in the bottom
of Mounthope bay, about 15 miles from Taunton, and in the
ricinity of Moanrthope, distance by the road about 11 miles.

fAcctouitts of this gentleman ipay be seen in Morton ^s Me*;
n^ortal, 117, fitc, which, perhaps, are not impartiaL That
author partaking of the persecuting spirit of the times,
accuses Lira of all manner oi outrages against religion and go- .
vernment. " Not only,*' he observes, " abandoning and re-
jecting all civil power and authority, (except moulded accord-
ing to hi$ ovfn jaaey} but belching out errouc^, &c." Seve-
ral pages in that work are filled up to this effect. Dr. Eliot,
N. fc. Bioj^. 227, says, " It is evident that he was not so bad
a man as his enemies represented." The reader is referred
to that exceWcnt work, for an interesting account of ibim.'
Alien, also, 314,. seems inclined to do him justice, and is more

E articular. It appears evident tli^t he was rather wild in.
is views of religion, and went too far, perhaps, in persuad-,
ing others to fall m with him. He came to Boston m 1636,
irom London, and was soon suspected of heresy , on which he'
^vas examined. But from hb aptness in evading questions,
ndthing was found against him. He went to Plymouth, but-
did not stay long there, haying got into difficulty with their
minister. From thence he went to Khodeisland of his own
accord; or as some say, was banished there. Here, it is said,
he underwent corporeal punishment fbrliis contempt of civil
authority. . Leaving this place he went to Providcatscln
1649, where he was very humanely treated by Mr. Roger
Williams, who also had been banishedoK iiie score of tenets.
He began a settrcfiTent at Patuxet, 4 or 5 miles south of
Providence in 1641, but was soon complained of to the gov-
ernment of Massachusetts, for encroaching upon the lands
of i)ther6. . The Governour ordered him to answer to the
same which herefused, treating the messenger with con-
tempt. But he was arrested, carried to Boston and had his
trial. A cruel sentence was passed upon him^ being confin-
ed a whole winter at Charlestowu in heavy irons, and then
banished out of the colony. In 1644, he went to England,
and in 1648, returned to his possessions by permission of par-

liament«

% Who these two men were I have not been able to ascer-
tain. Mention is made in the histories of this war of messen«
gers being sent, but in none mordthan two, and their names
are not mentioned. T^o were also sent from Massachu-
setts. See Hub. Nar. 72, 73. Hutch. I, 262. They wero
gent 16 June, 1675.

PHILIP'S WAE. 2&

kom the Govemour of Plymouth to PhiHp. He
observed to him farther, that the young men were
very eager to begin the war, and would fain have
killed Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling
them that hii father had chained him to show kind-
ness to Mr. Brown. In short, Philip was £E>rc6d to
promise them, that, on the next Lord's day, when the
English were gone to meeting they should rifle their
houses, and from that time forward, kill their cattle.

Peter desired Mr. Church to go and see his wife,
who was but {just] up the hill ;* h^ went imd found
but few of her people with her. She said they were
all gone against her will to tlie dances, and she much
feared [that] there would be a war. Mr. Church
advised her to go to the island and secure herself,
and those that were with her, and send to the Gover-
nour of Plymouth, who she knew was her friend; and
so left her, resolving to hasten to Plymouth, and
wait on the Governour. And he was so expeditious
that he was with the Governour early next moming,f
though he waited on some of the magistrates by the
way, who were of the council of war, and also met
him at the Governour's. He gave them an account
of his observations and discoveries, which confirmed
their former intelligences, and hastened their prepa*
ration for defence.

Philip, according to his promise to his people, per-
imtted them to march otit of the neckf on the next
Lord's day ,§ when they plundered the nearest hou-

liament. He was a minister, and a^man of talents and abili-
ty. 'His defence against thfe charges in Morton's Memorial,
fioows him to be a man of learning, and is worthy perusing.
It is in Hutchinson, Hist. Mas. I, 467 to 470. He Uved to
an advanced age, but the time of his death is not known.

• I conclude this hill to be that a little north of Howland's
ferrj.

t June 16.

J The neck on which Bristol and Warren now arc, mtk*
iag the ancient Pokanoket.

§ June 20. See TrumbuU, Hist. Con. I, S9J. IWd: U.
States, I, 189.

30 PHiLtp'S War.

ses that the inhabitants had deserted, but as yet of-
fered no violence to the people, at least none were ^
killed.* However the alarm wa« given by their num-
bers and hostile equipage, and by the prey they
made of what they could hnd in the forsaken houses.
An express came the same day to the Governour,f .
who immediately gave orders to the captains of the
towns, to march the greatest part of their companies^
and to rendezvous at Taunton on Monday night, J
where Major Bradford was to receive them, and dis-
pose them under Captain (now made Majot) Cut-
worthy of Scituate. The Govemour desirfed Mr.
Church to give them his company, and to use his in*
terest in their behalf, with the gentlemen of Rhode-
island. He complied with it, and they marched the
next day. Major Bradford desired Mr. Church, with
a commanded party, consisting of English and some
friend Indians, to march in the tront at some distance
from the main body. Their orders were to keep so
far before as not to be in sight of the army. And so
they did, for by the way they killed a deer, flayed,
roasted, and eat the most of him before the . army
came up with them. But the Plymouth forces soon

* But an Indian was fired upon and wounded, which was a
sufficient umbrage for tliem to begin the work.- Sec Hub.
Nar. 72, and Hutch. I. iiol. It appears that Philip waited
for the English to begin, add to tnat end, had suffered his
men to provoke them to it ; yet, it was thought that Philip
tried to restrain them irolri beginning so soon, as is observed
in note 1 to page 17. At this timfe a whimsical opinion
prevailed, that the side which first began would finally be
conque?red. Hutch. Ibid.

tin consequence of this intelligence Governour Winslow
proclaimed a fast. H. Adams, V20,

' J June 21.

6 James Cudworth, several years a magistrate of Plymouth
^cilooy. Other historians style him Captain, but do not take
notice of this advancement. See Hubbard, Nar. 75, 79, 84.
i^9» in th^ continuation of Morton, 208, where it appears he
was an assistant in the government between 1670 and 1675..

PHILIP'S WAR. 31

arrived at Swanzey,^ aiul were chiefly posted at Ma*
jor Brown'sf and Mr. Miles'| garrisons, and were
there soon joined with those that came from Massa-
chusetts, who had entered into a confederacy with
their Plymouth brethren against the perfidious hea-
thens.

f The enemy, who b^an their hostilities with plun-
dering and destroying cattle,^ did not long content
themselves with that game ; they thirsted for English
blood, and they soon broached it ; killing two men
in the way not far from Mr. Miles' garrison, and

•* Whether the Plymouth forces were at Swanzey when
the first English were killed does not appear, though it is
presumed that they were not. We are certain that they had
sufficient time to arrive there. It appears from the text that
they marched fro.m Plymouth on Monday, which was the 21
June, and the first English were killed the 24.

The author seems to be a little before his story concerning
the Massachusetts' men, for we know that they did not ar-
rive till the 28 June, and their arrival is related before the
first men were killed.

Dr. Morse, in his late history of the Revolution, has run
over this history without any regard to dates. Nor has he
thought it worth his while to tell us there ever was such an
author as Church, but copies from him as though it were his
own work, which, at best he make^ a mutilated mass, like
fljost of his book. [These notes were written before the
Doctor died.]

t See note 5 on page 27.

JThc Rev. John Miles, as I find in Allen, Biog. 429, was
minister of the first Baptist church in Massachusetts ; that in
1649 he, was a settled minister near Swansea in South Wales.
Hence, perhaps, the name of Swanzey in Mass. is derived.
Mr. Miles being ejected in 1662, came to this country, and
formed a church at Rehoboth. He removed to Swanzey a
ew years after, which town was panted to the baptists
by the governmehit of Plymouth. Hutchinson, i, S09^ speaks
or him as a man discoverii^ christian unity, &e. He died
in 1683.

§ It appears that iin Indian was wounded while in the act
of killing cattle ; or as tradition informs us, the Indian who
was wounded, after killing some animals in a man's field,
went to his house and demanded liquor, and being refused
attempted to take it by violence, threatening at the saiiie
time to be revenged for such usage, this caused the English-
man to fire on him." ^ • •' ^

» PHILIP'S WAfi.

jRMMl aftea* eight more^ at Matqpoisetr|- Upon wbom^
bodies they exercised more than brutish barbarities ;
beheading, dismembering and mangling them, and
exposing them in the most inhuman manner, which
Mihed and ghosdy objects struck a daaip on all be-

holders.l

The enemy flushed with these expIoits,^rew yet
bolder, and bulking every where in the bushes, shot
at all passengers, and killed many that ventured
abroad. They came so near as to idioot two sen-
tinels at Mr. Miles' garrison, under the very noses
of our forces. . These provocations drew out [ — ^V
some of Captain Prentice's troops,^ who desirdi''
they might luive liberty to go out and seek the ene-
my in their own quarters. Quartermasters Gill and
Belcherjl commanded the pcu^ties drawn out, who
earnestly desired Mr. Church's company. They pro-
vided him a horse and furniture, (his own being out of
the way.) He readily complied with their desires,
and was soon mounted. This party was no sooner
over Miles' bridge,ir but were fired upon by an am^

1 [the resentment of]

♦ It was the same day, 24 June, on Thursday, being a fast,
appointed by the Governour of Plymouth, on hearing what
took place the 20. See H. Adam's Hist. N. England, 120.
At Rehoboth a man was fired upon the same day. Hutchinson,
1, 261.

t (In Swanzey.)

Several places bore this name. The word is now general-
ly pronounced Matapois. It appears too, that the pronunci-
ation tended thus, at first, as I nnd it spelt in Winslow's Naif-
rative, Matap^yst. See Belknap, Biog. II, 292.

{The sight must have been dreadful, but yet, it did not
hinder the English from the like foul deeds. Weetamore^s
head was cut off and set upon a pole. See note 2 on page 27.

§ Capt. Thomas Prentice of the Boston troops. TweH*
was the number that went over at this time. Hubbard, 75.
Hutchinson, I, 262.

II Hubbard, 75, caUs him Corporal Belcher. He make^ flo
mention of any person by the name of Gill.

f There is a bridge over Palmer's river, which beturs this
name. It is about 4 miles north of Warren.

PHILIP'S WAH.

boscade of about a doien Indians, as
(erward discovered to be. When the
pilot* was mortally wounded, Mr. Bel
a shot in his knee, and his horse wa^
hiKi. Mr. Gill was struck witli a irnisl
Bide of his body ; but being clad with
and son^thickness of paper under it,
his skin. I The troopers were surprisi
their cMnmandcrs wounded and wh
Mr. Church persuaded, at length storm
cd, and told them it was a shame to n
a wounded man there to become s
barbarous enemy ; for the pilot yet sa
though amazed with the shot fts not to
guide him. Mr. Gill seconded him,
though much disabled, to assist in brii
Mr. Church asked a straitger, who gav<
pany in that action, if he would go
fetch off the wounded man. He read
and they with Mr. Gill went ; but the
tinted, and fell otf his horse before the
But Mr. Church and the stranger dtsii
up the man, dead, and laid him before 1
horse. Mr. Church told the other two.
WDuiu take care of the dead man, he
fetch his horse back, which was going
way toward the enemy '; but before h
causeway he saw the enemy run to the
neck. He brought back the horse, o
uestly and repeatedly to the army to <
light the enemy ; and while he ^too-
persuading, the skulking enemy retu
old stand, and all discharged their guns
clap ; [and] though every shot missed

• William Uammond.

t A boff coat, and kind of cuirass or breas
«tee) formed fbeir armour ; swords, earabi:
their weapons.

t June 88, This action took place the »i
dher troops arrived.

U ^ PfflLIFS WAR.

of t!ie immy on the other skie of the river, reeeived ode
of the balls in his foot. Mr. Church now began, (no
floccour c(»ning to him) to think it time to retreat.
Saying, ^TTie Lord have mercg on u$^ if such a
handfiil of Indians shall thus diu-e such an army.^'*

Upon this it was immediately resolved, and orders
were given to march down into the neck,f 'and hav-
ing passed the bridge and causeway, the direction
was to extend both wings, which not being well heed-
ed by those that remained in the centre, some of
them mistook their friends for their enemies,^: and
made a &e upon them in the right wing, and wound-
od that noble heroick youth. Ensign Savage, in the
thigfa,^ but it happily proved but a flesh wound. They
marched until tb^ came to the narrow of the neck,
at a place called Keekamuit,|| where they took down

— ^ ' ■—- 1 \ ...-.., , , ., ,, . I. I ■ n ■ — --- ^1 I _i j__ ^ _,— ^

* Thus ended the 38 June, 1675, according to Hubbard,
75 ; but by the text, the next transaction would seem under
the same^date, which from the fact tiiat most of the army did
n^ arrive until after noon, and that the action did not take
Jifatce until it had arrived, it is plain that it was not. Hutch*
mson^ I, 363, is as indistinct with regard to the dates in
ouestion, as our author, but Holmes considered it as I do.
Annals, 1, 421. The next morning, Hubbard, 75, says, that
the In^i^ at half a mile's j^ance, shouted twice or
thrice, and 9 or 10 showing Themselves at th« bfSgC, -ISSS
armyimmcdiately went in pursuit of them.

t June 39.

X I cannot find as any historian takes notice of this bad
management of the army. The reason is obvious as Hub-
bard sayB nothing of it, whom they all follow. Hence it ap-
pears that Savage was wounded by his own companions, and
not by 10 or 13 of thf enemy discharging upon him at once .
See next note.

§ " He had at that time one bullet lodged in his thish,
another shot through the brim of his hat, by ten or twelve
of the enemy discharging upon him together, while he bold-
Vr held up his colours in the front of his company.''
Hubbard, 76. Our author or Mr. Hubbard is in a great
mistake about the manner in which he was wounded, but the
former ought not to be mistaken.

L (Uj^r part of firktoL)

Now the upper part of Warren, which has been taken

FHILIFS WAR. M

the heads of ei j^t Englishmen that were killed at the
head of Matapoiset neck, and set upoq poles, after
the barbarous manner of those savages. There Philip
had staved all his drums and conveyed all his canoes
to the east side of Matapoiset river. Hence it was
concluded by those, that were acquainted with the
motions of those people, that they had qqitted the
neck. Mr. Church told them that Philip was doubt-
less gone over to Pocasset side to engage those In-
dians in a rebellion with him, which mey soon found
to be true. The enemy were not really beaten out
of Mounthope neck, though it was true [that] they
fled from thence; yet it was before any pursued
them. It was but to strengthen themselves, and to
gain a more advantageous post. However, somcy
and not a few, pleased themselves with the foncy of
a mighty conquest.

A grand council was held, and a resolve passed,
to build a fort there, to maintain the first ground
they had gained, by the Indians leaving it to them.
And to speak the truth, it must be said, that as they
gained not that field bV their sword, nor their bow,
80 it was rather their iear than their courage diat
obliged them to set up the marks of their conquest.*

Mr. Church looked upon it, and talked of it with
contempt, and urged hard the pursuing [of] the en-
emy on Pocasset side; and with the greater earnest-
ness; because of the promise made to Awash<Hiks, be-
fore mentioned.

The council adjourned themselves from Mount-

■ ■ L I. ■ n il ■ ' ■■ I ■ - ■ III »

'rom Bristol. It is called on the map of Rhodeisland, Kicke*
«jiaet, or rather the bay which makes this nebk on one sidCs
is so called. Warren river makes the other side.

* Major Savage and Major Cudworth commanded th»
forces in this expedition, at whomH>f course, this reflectioa
b directed. But chiefly, I suppose, at Major Cudworth:
For I find, Hubbard, 79, that Cfaptain Cudworth, as he de*
nominates him, ^' left a garrison of 40 men upon Mount*'
hope neck," which is aU that he says about this fort.

96 PHIUPS WAR*

hope to Rehoboth,* where Mr. IVeasurer ^oirth-
worth, being weary of his charge of Comtnissary
General, (provision being scarce and difficult to
be obtained for the army,f that now lay still to co-
ver the people from nobody, while they were build-
ing a fort for nothing) retired, and the power and
trouble of that post was left to Mr. Church, who
still urged the commanding officers to move over to
Pocasset side, to pursue the enemy and kill Philip,
which would in his opinion be more probable to keep
possession of the neck, than to tarry to build a fort.t
He was still restless on that side of the river, and
the rather, because of his promise to the squaw Sa-
chem of Sogkonate. And Captain Fuller^ also urg-
ed the same, until at length there came further or-

* A town in Massaclrasetts, about 10 miles from where they
then were, and about 38 Ijsain Boston.

t Hubbard says, 77, that -the forces under Major Savage
returned to Swanzey, and those under tUapt. Cudworth pass-
ed over to Rhodeisland the same day, as the weather looked
likely to be temjiestuous, and that night there fell abundance
of rain. But it is presumed that Captain Cudworth soon re-
turned to build said fort, as he arrived at Swanzey the 5

July.

J While these things were passing, Capt. Hutchinson was
despatched with a letter from the Govemour of Massaclra-
setts, bearing date July 4, 1675, constituting him commis-
sioner to treat with the Narrag;ansets, who now seem openly
to declare for Philip. He arrived the 5 at Swanzey, and on
the 6, a consultation was held, ithcrein it was resolved " to
U*cat with the Narragansets sword in hand." Accordingly
the forces marched into their country, and after several cere-
monious days, a treaty, as long as it was useless, was signed
oh the 15. It maybe seen at large in Hubbard, Nar, ol to
88, and Hutchinson, I, 263, B64. By which the Narragan-
sets agreed, to harbour none of Philip's people, &c. ; all»
which was only forced upon them, and they regarded it no
longer than the army was present. The army then returned
to Taunton, n June.

§ I learn nothing.more of this gentleman than is found in
this hiistoryw The name is common, in Massachusetts and
daewhere. He had 6 files each containing 6 men, therefore
their whole number conauited of 86 men only.

PHILIP'S WAR. 3T

d«^* concerning the fort, and withal an order for
Captain Fuller with six files to cross the river to the
ride so much insisted on, and to try if he could get
speech with any of the Poqasset or Sogkonate In-
dians, and that Mr. Church should go [as] his second.
Upon the Captain's receiving his orders, he asked
Mr. Church whether he were willing to engage in this
enterprise ; te whom it was indeed too agreeable to
be declined; though he thought the enterprise was
hazardous enough for them to have [had] more men
assigned them. Captain Fuller told him, that for
his own part, he was grown ancient and heavy, [and]
he feared the travel and fatigue would be too much
(or him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him
[that] he would cheerfully excuse him his hardship
and travel, and take that part to himself, if he might
but go ; for he had rather do any thing in the world,
than to stay there to build the fort.

Then they drew out the number assigned them,
and marched the same nightf to the ferry,f and were

* From Major Cudworth, who did not go with the rest of
the army into the country of the Narragansets. Hub. 84.

t No author that I have seen, excepting Mr. Hubbard,
fixes any date to this memorable part of Phihp's War. Nein
iher Hutchinson nor Trumbull takes any notice of it." Hub-
bard, 84, says, ^'Upon Thursday, July 7, Captain Fuller and
Lieatenant Church went into Pocasset to seek after the ene-
my," 8tc, But he is in an errour about the day of the "week
or month, and perhaps both : far I find that the 7 July falls
on Wednesday ; an errour which might easily have happened
in some former edition of his Narrative. Though this scru-
tiny may seem unimportant, yet, the transaction, it must be
allowed, merits particular attention ; for history without
chronology may be compared to the trackless desert over
which we may wander in vain for relief. Most authors «iiice
Mr, Hubbard's time, pass lightly over this event, and cither
think it not worth fixing a date to, or doubting the authority
of Mr. Hubbard. But I am induced to believe, that the day
of the month is right, and thai the day of the week is wrong.
If this be the case, ^e are s^ble to fix the date of the battle of
the Peasfieldon July 9.

t Bristol ferry.

3S PHILIP'S WAR,

transported to Rhodeisland, from whence, the next
night they got passage over to Pocasset side in Rhode-
island boats, and concluded there to dispose them-
selves in two ambuscades before day, hoping to sur-
prise some of the enemy by their falling into one or
other of their ambushmentS. But Captain Fuller's
party being troubled with the epidemical plague of
lost after tobacco, must needs strike fire to smoke
it.* And thereby discovered themselves to a party
of the enemy coming up to them, who immediately
fled with great precipitation.

This ambuscade drew off about break of day, per-
ceiving [that] they were discovered, the other con-
tinued in their post until the time assigned them,
and the light and heat of the sun rendered their sta-
tion both msignificant and troublesome, and then re-
turned unto the place of rendezvous ; where they
were acquainted with the other party's disappoint-
ment, and the occasion of it. Mr. Church calls for
the breakfast he had ordered to be brought over in
the boat, but the man that had the charge of it, con-
fessed that he was asleep when the boat's men call-
ed him, and in haste came away and never thought
of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a few cakes
of rusk in his pocket, that Madam Cranston,f (the

* It is customary with many to this day in Rhodeisland, to
use this phrase. If a person tells another that he smoked to-
bacco at any particular time, he will say that he smoked it^
or " I have smoJd it,^^

1 1 am sorry to acknowledge the want of information of so
conspicuous a character as a Governour of Rhodeisland, but
the histories of Newengland do not tell us there ever was
such a Governour. Probably the town of Cranston perpetu*
ates his name. From Allen, Biog. 196, it appears tnat Mr.
William Coddington was Governour this year, 1675 ; yet
there may be no mistake in the text, though this name has
been written with variation. From TrumbulPs Conn. I^
856, I find that "John Crajiston, Esq., Governour of
Rhodeisland, (in 1679] held a court in Narraganset, in Sep-
tember, and made attempts to introduce the authority and
officers of Rhodeisland, into thit uart of Connecticut. TJje
geaeral assembly therefore, in October, prot<3stcd against •

PHILIPS WAR. 39

GoYemour's Lady of Rhodeislaml) gave him wben he
came off the island, which he (tivided amoag the
company, which was all the proviaons they had.

Mi. Church, after their slender breakfast, proposed
to Captain Fuller, that he woald march in quest of
the enemy, with such of the company as would be
irillmg to march with him, which he complied with,
though with a great deal of scruple ; because of his
small numbers, and the extreme hazard<4ie foresaw
must attend them.*

But some of the company reflected upon Mr.
Church, that notwithstanding his talk on the other
side of the river, he had not shown them any Li-
dians since they came over ; which now moved him
to tell them, that, if it were their desire to see In-
dians, he believed he should now soon show them
what they should say was enough.

The number allowed himf soon drew off to him,
which could not be many ; because their whole com-
pany consisted of no more than thirty-six.

They moved towards Sogkonate, until they came
to the brook| that runs into Nunnaquahqat§ neck,
where they discovered a fresh and plain track, which *

— - _ - - ■■ . I ■ III

bis usurpation, and declared his acts to be utterly void."
Thus the spirit of feeling between the two colonies at this
period is discovered.

* Captain Fuller had not proceeded far, before he fell in
with a large number of the enemy, but fortunately he was
in the vicinity of the water, and more fortunately, near an
old house, in which he sheltered himself and men until a
vessel discovered and conveyed them off, with no other loss,
than having two men Wounded. He had 17 men in his com-
pany.

t Nineteen. Hubbard, 95, says, that Mr. Church had
not above 15 men.

J This brook is that which empties into the bay nearly a
e southward from Howland's ferry. The road to Little
Compton, here, follows the shore of the bay, and crosses said
brook where it meets the bay.

§ Now called Quaucut, a small strait near the brook jtBit
mentioned.

40 PHILIP'S WaK.

they concluded to be from the great pine sv^aixip,
about a mile from the road that leads to Sogkonate.
" Now," says Mr. Church, to his men, " if we follow
this track, no doubt but we shall soon see Indians^
enough." They expressed their willingness to fol-
low the track, and moved [on] in it; but [they] had
not gone far, before one of them narrowly escaped
being bit with a rattlesnake ; and the woods that
the track led them through was haunted much with
those snakes, which the little company seemed more
to be afraid of, than the black serpents they were in
quest of; and therefore bent their course another
way to a place where they thought it probable ta
find some of the enemy. Had they kept the track
to the pine swamp, they had been certain of meet^
ing Indians enough, but not so certain that any of
them sTiould have returned to give [an] accoiint how
many.

Now they passed down into Punkatees* neck; and
in their march discovered a large wigwam full of
Indian truck, which the soldiers were for loading
themselves with, until Mr. Church forbid it ; telling
•them they might expect soon to have their hands
full and business without caring for plunder. Then
crossing the head of the creek into the neck, they
again discovered fresh Indian tracks; [which had]
very lately passed before them into the neck. They
then got privately and undiscovered unto the fence
of Captain Almy'sf peas field, and divided into two
parties; Mr. Church keeping the one party with.

* A point of land running south nearly two miles between
the bay and Little Compton, and a little more than a mile
wide. On Lockwood's map of Rhodeisland it is called Pun-
catest. It is the southern extremity of Tiverton^ and has-
been known by the name of Pocasset neck.

t Captain John Almy, who lived on Rhodeisland; the
same, I presume, mentioned in the beginning of this history.
The land is now owned by people of the same name, and
Mr. Saoford Almy, an aged gentlemaD^ lives near the spot.

PHILIP'S WAR. 41

Imnselfy seat the other with Lake,^ who was ac-
quainted with the ground, on tlie other side. Two
ladians were socmi discovered coming out of the
peas field towards them, when Mr. Church and those
that were with him, concealed themselves from them
by &lling flat on tlie ground, but the other division,
not using the same caution, was seen by the enemy,
which occasioned them to run, which, when Mr.
Church perceived, he showed himself to them, and
called ; telling them he desired but to speak with
them, and would not hurt them. But they ran and
Church pursued. The Indians climbed over a fence,
and one of them facing about, discharged his piece,
but without effect, on the English. One of the Eng-
lish soldiers ran up to the fence and fired upon him
that had discharged his piece, and they concluded
by the yelling they heard, that the Indian was wound-
ed. But the Indians soon got into the thickets,
whence they saw them no more for the present.

Mr. Church then marching over a plane piece of
ground where the woods were very thick on one
side, ordered his little company to march at a double
distance to make as -big a show, (if they should be
discovered,) as might be. But before they saw any
body they were saluted witJi a volley of fifty or six-
ty guns. Some bullets came very surprisingly near
Mr. Church, who starting, looked behind him to see
what was become of his men, expecting to have
seen half of them dead ; but seeing them all upon
their legs, and briskly firing at the smokes of the .
enemies' guns ; (for that was all that was then to
be seen.)f He blessed God, and called to his men

* As the name of Lake is not mentioned any where else in -,

this history, I cannot determine who this was. J

t This was indeed very remarkable, as it appears that
nothing prevented the Indians from taking deliberate aim.
The truth of the text must not be doubted, but certainly

JoTC never worked a greater miracle in favour of the Trojans
at the siege of Troy, than Hesper now did for our heroes.

42 PHILIP'S WAR.

not to discharge all their guns at once, lesl the ene-
my should take the advantage of such an opportuni-
ty to run uppn them with tt^ir hatchets.

Their next motion was immedia^tely into the peas
iield.* When they came to the fence, Mr. Church
bid as many as had not discharged their guns to
clap under the fence and lie close, while the others,
at some distance in the field, stood to charge ; hop-
ing, that if the enemy should creep to the fence,
(to gain a shot at those that were charging tjbeir
guns,) they might be surprised by those that Tie un-
der the fence. But casting his eyes to the side of
the hill above them, the hill seemed to move, being
covered over with Indians, with their bright gUQS
glittering in the sun. and running in a circumference
with a design to surround them.

Seeing such multitudes surrounding him and his
little company, it put him upon thinking what was
become of the boats that were ordered to attend him,
and looking up, he spied them ashore at Sandy^
pointjf on the island side of the river, J with a num-
ber of horse and foot by them, and wondered what
should be the occasion ; until he was afterwards in-
formed tliat the boats had been over that morning
from the island, and had landed a party of men at
Fogland, that were designed in Punkatees neck to
fetch off some cattle and horses, but were am-

•■^ ■ ■ I ' IP — 11 w ■■i*i. ■ ■■ - — ■■ I — ..- ■■■■■■■■ ^^ — - . ■ I ■ ■ ■■ I ■■■—.» I I ■ I - - ■ . -I. ■ ^^ - .!■ II i» . ■■■y » ■^ » ,

* (Tiverton shore about half a mile above Fogland ferry.)
The situation of Punkatees is ^ven in a preceding note.
It contains nearly two square miles, and it is sufficient to
know that it contained the ground on which this battle was
fought.

t There are two Sandy points on the Rhodeisland shore,
one above and the other below Fogland ferrjr; this was that
above. Fogland ferry connects the island with Punkatees
and is near the middle of it.

J The bay is meant. It being narrow, or from three
ibarths to a mile wide, is sometimes called a river, and in the
idd charters, Narraganset river. See Douglass, I, 398.

PHILIFS WAR. 43

bofcaded, and many of Ibom woooded bjr ibe ene-
my.*

Now our getitlemmi's courage and cosukiet wett
both pat to the test. He encouraged his meto, and
orders some to run and take a wall for shelter be-^
fiire the enemy gained it. It was time for them now

j to diink of escaping if they knew whicyh way. Mr.
Church orders his men to strip to Uieir white shirts,
ttiti the islanders might discover them to be Eng-
lishmen, and then orders three guns to be fired dis-
tinefly, hoping [that] it might be observed by their
&iends on the opposite shore. The men that were
ordered to take the wall being very hungry, stop^
ped awhile among the peas to gather a few, be-

i ing about four rods from the wall. The enemy fi-om
behind, hailed them with a shower of bullets* But
soon fell but one came tumbling over an old hedge,
down the bank, where Mr. Church and the rest Were,
and told him, that his brother, B. Southworth,f who
.was the man that was missing, was killed ; that they
saw Irim fall. And so they did indeed see him fall,
bat it was without a shot, andlay no longer than till
he had an opportunity to clap a bullet into one of
the enemies' foreheads, and then came running to
his company.

The meanness of the English powder was now
their greatest misfortune. When they were imme-
diately upon this beset with multitudes of Indians,
who possessed themselves of every rock, stump, tree

L Offence, that was in sight, firing upon them wit^ut

• ft is mentioned in a later part of this history, that Mr.
Church's servant was wonnded at Pocasset, while there after
cattle. This istlve time alluded to. Hubhard, 86, sajrs that
** five men coming from Rhodeisland, to look up their cattle
^n Pocasset neck, were assaulted by the same Indians ;
I aoe of the hve was Captain Church's servant, who had his
! leg broken in the skirmish, the rest hardly escaping with
their lives ;" and, that " this was the first time that ever any
Mischief was done by the Indians upon Pocasset neck.*
This was on the same day of the battle of Punkatees.

t Brother in law to Mr. Church,

44 PHILIP'S WAR. .

ceasing ; while they had no other shelter but a small
bank, and bit of a water fence.* And yet, to add to,
the disadvimtage of this little handful of distressed
men, the Indians also possessed themselves of the
ruins of a stone house, that overlooked them. So that,
now, they had no way to prevent lying quite open to
some or other of the enemy, but to heap up stones
before them, as ihey did ; and still bravely and won- r*
derAilly defended themselves against all the tium--
bers of the enemy.

At length came over one of the boats from the isl-
and shore, but the enemy plied their shot so warmly
to her, as made her keep at some distance. Mr.
Church desired them to send their canoe ashoi:e, to
fetch them on board ; but no persuasions nor argu-
ments could prevail with them to bring their canoe
to shore ; which some of Mr. Church's me^i per-
ceiving, began to cry out, for God's sake to take
them off, for their ammunition was spent ! &c. Mr.
Church being sensible of the danger of the enemy's
hearing their complaints, and being made acquaint-
ed with the weakness and scantiness of their ammuni-
tion, fiercely called to the boat's master, and bid
him either send h\» canoe ashore, or else be gone
presently, or he would fire upon him.

Away goes the boat, and leaves them still to shift
for themselves. But then another difficulty arose;
the enemy, seeing the boat leave them, were reani-
mated, and fired thicker and faster than ever. Up-
on which, some of the men, that were lightest of foot,
began to talk of attempting an escape by flight, un-
til Mr. Church solidly convinced them of the im-
practicableness of it, and encouraged them yet. [He}
told them, that he had observed so much of the re-
markable, and wonderful providence of God, [in]

^11 ■ — -—■ — - — I , I ■■,■■■ I ■ I I I ■ ■ »i I ■ I ■■ ■■—■■■ II ■> I ■ I ^fc^i—

* Tils indeed will compare with LoveweU's Fight. That
hero, to prevent being quite encompassedj retreated to the
shore of a pond. The particulars of which will be found ui
the continuation of thisnistory. See Appendix, XL

PHILIP'S WAIL 45

iiitherto preserving theniy'that it encouraged him to
believe, with much confidence, that God would yet
I>reserve them ; that not a hair of their heads should
fall to the ground ; bid them be patient, courageous^
and prudently sparing of their ammunition, and he
made no doubt but tl^y should come well off yet,
4&C. [Thus] until hid little army affain resolved^
one and all, to stay with, and stick by nim. One of
them, by Mr. Church's order, was pitching a flat
stone up on end before him in the sand, when a bul-
fet from the enemy with a full force, struck the
stiHie whil^ he was pitching it on end, which put
the poor fellow to a miserable start, till Mr. Church
called upon him to observe how God directed the
bullets, that the enemy could not hit him when in
the same place, [and] yet could hit the stone as it
wsm erected*

While they were thus making the best defence
they could against their numerous enemies, that
made the woods ring with their constant yelling and
shouting. And night coming on, somebody told
Mr. Church,, [that] they spied a sloop up the river
as far as Goldisland,* that seemed to be coming
Jown towards them. He looked up and told them,
that, succour was now coming, for he believed it was
Captain Golding,t whom he knew to be a man for
business, and would certainly fetch them off if he
came. The wind being fair, the vessel was soon
witfi them, and Captain Golding it was. . Mr. Church
(as soon as they came to speak with one another)
desired him to come to anchor at such a distance
frcMn the shore, that he might veer out his calile, and
ride afloat ; and let slip his canoe, that it might

* A TBTf small le^^ isUnd a little to the south of the sten^
bridge, near the middle of the stream, and about 4 or 6 mil«9
from where they were.

1 1 find nothing relating to this gentleman excepting what
is found in this history. We may infer ^hat he was a man of
worth and confidence, by Mr. Church'sr Entrusting him ifith
an important post at the fight when Philip wasj^illed.

46 PHILIPS WAR.

drive a shore ; which dii^ctions Captain Golding
observed. But the enemy gave him such a warm
salute, that his sails, colours and stem were full of
bullet holes.. '

The canoe came ashore, but was so small that
she would not bear above two men at a time ; and'
when two were got aboard they turned her loose to
drive a shore for two more. And the sloop's compa-
ny kiept the Indians in play the while. But when at
last it came to Mr. Church's turn to go aboard, he
had left his hat and cutlass at the well, where he
went to drink when he first came down ; he told his
company, [that] he would never go off and leave
his hat and cutlass for the Indians, [that] they should
never have that to reflect upon him. Though he
was much dissuaded from it, yet he would go and
fetch them* He put all the powder he had left into*
his gun, ^and a poor charge it was) and went pre-
senting his gun at the enemy, until he took up what
he went for. At his return he discharged his gun
at the enemy, to bid them farewell for that time;
but had not powder enough to carry the bullet half
way to them. Two bullets from the enemy struck
the canoe as he went on board, one grazed the hair
of his head a little before, another stupk in a small
stake that stood right against the middle of his
breast.*

Now this gentleman with his army, making in all
twenty men, himself and his pilot being numbered
with them, got all safe on board, after six hours en-
gagement with three hundred Indians; [of] whose
l^umbers we were told afterwards by some of them-

* The lofty and elegant lines of Barlow, on the conduct of
Gen. Putnana at the battle of Bunker's hill, will admirably
apply to our hero.

** There strides bold Putnam, and from all the plains
Calls the tired troops, the tardy rear sustains.
And mid the whizzing balls that skim the lowe
Waves back his sword, defies the following foe."

Golumbiad, B. V. 662, kb.

PHILIP'S WAR. 47

selves.* A deliverance which that good gentleman
often mentions to the glory of God, and his protect-
ing providence.

The next day,f meeting with the rest of his little
company,! whom he had left at Pocasset, (that had
also a small skirmish with the Inditos and had two
men wounded) th^y returned to the Mounthope gar-
rison, which Mr. Church used to call the losing
fort.

Mr. Church then returned to the island, to seek
provision for the army. [There he] meets with Al-
derman,^ a noted Indian, that was just come over
fifom the squaw Sachem's cape of Pocasset, having
deserted from her, and brought over his family, who
gave him an account of the state of the Indians,
and where each of the Sagamore's headquarters
was* Mr. Church then discoursed with some, who
knew the spot well, where the Indians said Weeta-
more's|| headquarters were, and offered their service
to pilot him [to it.]

With this news he hastened to the Mounthope
garrison, [and] the army expressed their readiness to
embrace such an opportunity.

All the ablest soldiers were now immediately drawn
off, equipped and despatched upon this design, un-
der the command of a certain officer.lT And having
marched about two miles, viz., until they came ta

• Hubbard 85, says that there were seven or eight scores.
Mather, following nim, says there were ^' an hundred and
thnost five times fifteen terrible Indians." Magnalia, 11,
488.

t July 19.

t On Rhodeisland. Mr. Church and his company were
transported there, «s were Capt. Fuller and his company be-
fore. See note 1 on page 39.

§ The Indian that killed Philip.

li (Squaw Sachem of Pocasset.)

An account of this " old Queen" h%s been given. Sec*
note 2 on page 27.

f I have not learned this officer's nwae, bat it was Capt.
Henchman's Lieutenant.

48 PHILIPS WAR.

tiie cove that lies southwest from the Mount .where
orders were given for a halt. The commander in
chief told them [that] he thought it proper to take
advice before he went any fiirther ; called Mr.
Church and the pilot and asked them how they knew
that Philip and dl his men were not by that time got
to Weetamore^s camp; (^ that all her own men
were not by that time returned to her again, with
many more frightful questions. Mr. Church toid
him [that] they had acquainted him with as much as
they Knew, aiKl that for his part he could discover
nothing that need to discourage them from proceed-
ing; that he ihou^it it so practicable, that he with
the pilot, would willingly lead the way to the spot,
and hazard the brant. But the chief coomiander in-
sisted on tins, that the enemy^s numbers were so
great, and he did not know what numbers more
might be added unto them by that time ; and his
company so small, that he could not think it practi-
cable to attack them ; adding moreover, that if he
were sure of killing all the enemy and knew that he
must lose the hfe of one of his men in the action,
he would not attempt it. " Pray sir, then," replied
Mr. Church, [ — y^ " lead your company to yonder
windmill on Khodeisland, and there they will be out
of danger of being killed by the enemy, and we
shall have less trouble to supply them with provi-
sions."* But return he would and did unto the gar-
rison until more strength came to them, and a sloop
to transport them to Fallriver,f in order to visit
Weetamore's camp.

1 [Please to.]

-*• — —»-——— — ■ — - • -^- ■— ^ — . — ^^—

*Xhe action related in the next paragraph was not until
they returned ; . though it might be understoQd that Chui^h
went " out on a discovery" before,

t (South part of Freetown.)

It 18 in the town of Trpy, wnich was taken from Freetown.
FaHriVer is a local name, derived from a stream that empties
into the bay about a mile above Tiverton line. Probably no
l^tee in the Uiiited 'States contains so many factories in
80 small a compass as this.

PHILIP'S WAR. 49

Afr. Church, one Baxter, and Captain Hunter, an
Indian, proffered to go out on the discovery on the
left wing, which was accepted. They had not
marched above a quart<;r of a mile before they start-
ed three of the enemy. Captain Hunter wounded
one of them in the knee, who when he came up [to
himj he discovered to be his near kinsman. The
captive desired favour for his squaw, if she should
fell into their hands, but asked none for himself; ex-
cepting the liberty of taking a whiff of tobacco ;
and while he was taking his whiff his kinsman, with
one blow of his hatchet, despatched him.

Proceeding to Weetamore's camp they were dis-
covered by one of the enemy, who ran in and gave
information. Upon which a lusty young fellow left
his meat upon his spit,* running hastily out, told his
companions [that] he would kill an Englishman be*
fore he ate his dinner ; but failed of his design ; being
no sooner out than shot down. The enemies' fires,
and what shelter they had, were by the edge of a
thick cedar swamp, into which on this alarm they
betook themselves, and the English as nimbly pursu-
ed ; but wel^ soon commanded back by their chief-
tain, [but not until]^ they were come witliin [the]
hearing of the cries of their women and children ;
and so ended that exploit. But retur/iing to their
sloop the enemy pursued them, aftd wounded two of
their meji. The next day they returned to the
Mounthope garrison. f

1 [after]

' ^- — III I ■

• (Probably a wooden spit.)

t These operations took up about foiir or five days, hence
we have arrived to the 13 or 14 July. In the course of which
time, fourteen or fifteen of the enemy were killed. S6e
Hubbard, 87. Holmes, I, 422. These individual efforts
were of far more consequence than the fnanoeuvres of
the main army during the same time ; yet Hutchinson, H.
Adams, and some others since, thought them not worth men-
tioning.

50 PHILIP'S WAR.

Soon after this was Philip's headquarters visited*
by some other English forces, but Philip, and his gang
had the very fortune to escape, that Weetamore and
hers (but now mentioned) had. They took into a
swamp, and their pursuers were conmianded back.

After this Dartmouth'sf distresses required succour,
[a] great part of the town being laid desolate, and
many of the inhabitants killed. The most of Ply-

* A particular account of this affair from our author, would
fiave been gratifying. But most other historians before and
since him, have been elaborate upon it.

In consequence of the intelligence gained by Mr. Church,
the army, after finishing the treaty with the Narraeansets,
before named, moved to Taunton, where they arrived the 17
July, in the evening ; and on the 18, marched to attack Philip,
who was now in a great swamp, adjacent to, and on the east
side of Taunton river. The army did not arrive until late
in the day, but soon entered resolutely into the swamp.
The underwood was thick, and the foe could not be
seen. The first that entered were shot down, but the
rest rushing on, soon forced them from their hiding places,
and took possession of their wigwams, about 100 in number.
Night coming on, each was in danger from his fellow ; firing
at every bush that seemed to shake. A retreat was now or*
dered. Concluding that Philip was safely hemmed in, the
Massachusetts forces marched to Boston, and \he Connecti-
cut troops, being the greatest suflferers, returned home ; leav-
ing those of Plymouth to starve out the enemy. Trumbull's
Connecticut, I, 332. Ibid. U. S. I, 140. This movement of
the army has been very much censured. Had they pressed
upon the enemy the next day, it is thought they would have
been easily subdued. But Philip and nis warriours, on the
1 August, before day, passed the river on rafts, and in great
triumph, marched on into the country of the Nipmucks.
About 16 of the English were killed. Ibid. Mather, II.
4SS, says that Philip left a hundred of his j^eople behind who
fell into the hands of the English. It is said that Philip had
a brother killed in this fight, who was a chief Captain, and
had been educated at Harvard College. Hutch, i, 265.

t That part of Dartmouth which was destroyed is about 5
miles S. W. from Newbedford, and known by the name of
Aponaganset. The early histories give us no particulars
about the affair, and few mention it at all. Many of the in-
habitants moved to Rhodeisland. Middleborough, then call-
ed Ncmasket, about this time was mostly burned ; probably,

^ile the treaty was concluding with the Narragansets,

lu_

PHILIP'S WAR. 51-

mouth forces were ordered thither. And coming to
Russell's garrison* at Ponaganset,t they met with a
number of the enemy, that had surrendered them-
selves prisoners on terms promised by Captain Eels
of the garrison, and Ralph Earl,J who persuaded
theni (by a friend Indian he had employed) to come
in. And had their promise to the Indians been kept,
and the Indians fairly treated, it is probable that,

* The cellars of this old garrison are f?till to be Seen.
They are on the north bank of the Aponaganset about a mile
from its mouth. I was informed by an inhabitant on the spot,
that considerable manoeuvring went on here in those days.
The Indians had a fort on the opposite side of the river, and
used to show themselves, and act all manner of mockery, to
aggravate the English ; they being at more than a common
gunshot off. At one time one made his appearance, and
turned his badkside in defiance, as usual ; but some one hav-
ing an uncommonly long gun fired upon him and put an end
to his mimic kry.

A similar story is told by the people of Middleboroneh,
which took place a little north of the tpwn hou^e, across the
Nemasket. The distance of the former does net render the
story so improbable as that Of the latter, but circumstances
are more authentick. The gun is still shown which performed
the astonishing feat. The distance, some say is nearly half
a mile, which i» considerable ground of improbability. That
a circumstance of this kind occurred at both these places^
too, is^a doubt. But it is true that a fight did take place
across the river at Middleborough. The Indians came to
the river and burned a grist mill which stood near the pre-
sent site of the lower factory, and soon after drew off. The
affair has been acted over by the inhabitants as a celebration
not many years cince.

t (In Dartmouth.)

The word is generally pronounced as it is spelled in the
text, but is always, especiauly of late, written Aponaganset.
Mr. Douglass, it appears learned this name Polyganset, when
be took^ survey of the country. See his Summary, I, 403. .

J I ciii find no mention of these two gentlemen in any of
the histories. But their names are sufficiently immortalized
by their conduct in opposing the diabolical acts of govern-
ment for selling prisoners as slaves. ^ It is possible that they
might decline serving any more in the war, after being so
moeh abused ; and hence were not noticed by the historiaUs,
who also pass over this black i>age of our history, as lightly
as possible.

52 PHILIP'S WAR.

most, if not all, the Indians in those parts had i^soit
followed the example of those, who had now surren-
dered themselves, which would have been a good
step towards finishing the war. But in spite of all
that Captain Eels, Church or Earl could say, ajgue, ,
plead or beg, somebody else that had more power in
their hands, impToved it. And without any regard
to the promises made them on tlieir surrendering thern^
selves, they were carried away to Plymouth, there sold,
and transported out of the country, being about eight
score persons.* An action so liateful to Mr. Church,
that he opposed it, to the loss of the good will and
respects of some that before were his good fnends.
But while these things were acting at Dartmouth,
Philip made his escape ;t leaving his country, fled
over Taunton river, and Rehoboth plain, •and Patux-
et{ river, where Captain Edmunds^ of Providence,
made some spoil upon him, and had probably done
more, but was prevented by the coming of a superi*
our officer, that put him by.||

'■■" iP^« ■■■■■■•II ■ .M... ■■■■ <>- , I «._ ,tm«m , ■<•<■■■,■■■,■•,■ III , I ^..MMMM^HM.^.- III!

* With regret it is mentioned that the venerable John
Winthrop was Governour of Connecticut, (Connecticut and
Newhaven now forming but one colony) the Hon. John
Leverett of Massachusetts, and the Hon. Josiah Winslow of
Plymouth. Rhodeisland, because they chose freedom rather
than slavery, had not been admitted into the Union. From
this history it would seem that one Cranstos was Governour
of Rhodeisland at this time ; but that colony appears not to
be implicated in this as well as many other actsof malead-
ministration. See note 2 on page 38.

•f An account of which is given in note l,page 50.

t Douglass wrote this word Patuket, as it is now pronounc-
ed. Summary, I, 400. It is now often written Patuxet. It
is Blackstone river, or was so called formerly.

^ I find no othc^ account of this officer m the Indian wars,
only what is hinted at in this history ; from which it appears
that he was more than once employed, and was in the east-
ern war.

II Hubbard, 91, says that Philip had about. thirty of his
parly killed ; but he takes no notice of Capt. Edmunds' he-
me: put by. He said that Capt. Henchman came up to t^ha.

^iilLit'S wAft.

And now another fort was built at Pocassel,^
proved as troublesome and chargeable as t
Monnthope ; and the remainder of the snmnu
improved in providing for the forts and forces
maintained ; while our enemies were fled sodu
dreds of miles into the country near as for a^

bvt not tin tbe ekinnish nas over. " Bat why Fhil
followed no farther," he sajs, "abetter to suspend t)
criticallf to inquire into." Hence we mar conclud
th« pursuit was countermanded hy Capf. Henchmai
when tM late followed after the enemy withoat any w

• The fort here meant Was built to jirevent Philip's
from tbe swamp before mentioned. See note I, on pi
Mr. Church appears early to have seen the folly
Iinilding under such circumstances. While that a,t I
hope was bittldin^, be had seen Philip gaining tim<
while this was building to condne hltn to a swamp,
marching off in triumph.

t Here appears a large cha^m in our history incliidin)
four months, namely, from the esciipe of Philip on tht
guM, to December ; during which time many circum;
transpired worthy of notice, and necessary lo rend
history more perfect. Mr. Church appears lo have i
iLe war, and is, perhaps, with bis family.

Philip having taken up his residence among the Ni[
or Nipnets, did not tail to engage them in his cause.

On the 14 July a party killed 4 or 5 people at K
a town 37 miles southwest of Boston.

August 2, Capt. Hutchinson with iW horsemen weni
new the treaty with those Indians at a place appointet
Quabaog, (now Brooklield) a. town about 60 mites
>vest from Boston ; but on arriving at the place appi
the Indians did not appear. So he proceeded 4 or 5
beyond, towards their chief town, when all at oner
hundreds of them Dred upon the company. Eight we
down, and 9 ethers were wounded. Among the latt
Capt. HutcbinEonwhodiedsoonafter. Tbe remainder
ctttoQuabaog, andthe Indians pursued them. Butth
lifh arrived in time to warn the inhabitants of the d
who with themselves crowded into one bouse. Thf
houses (about 20) were immediately burned down,
next besieged tbe houM containing the inhabitants
70) and the coldiers. Tliis Ihcy exerted themselves

64 PHILIP'S WAR.

And now strong suspicions began to arise of the
Narfagaiiset* Indians, that they were ill affected and

also, with various success for two days, and on the third they
nearly effected their object by a stratagem. They filled a
cart with combustibles and set it on fire, and by means of
splicinjg poles together had nearly brought the flames in con-
tact with th^ house, when Major WiUard arrived with 4B
dragoAs and dispersed them. See American Ann. I, 423,
424.

The Indian^ about Hadley, who had hitherto kept up the
show of friendship, now deserted their dwellings and drew
off after PhiUp. Toivard the last of August, Capt. Beers
and Capt. Lothrop pursued and overtook them, and a fierce,
battle was fought, in which 10 of the English and 26 Indians
were killed.

September 1, they burned Deerfield and killed one of the
inhabitants. The same day (being a fast) they fell upon
Hadley while the paople were at meeting, at^ivhich tbey
were overcome with confusion. At Jthis crisis, a venerable
gentleman in singular attire appeared among them, and put-
ting himself at their head, rushed upon the Indians and dis-
persed them, then disappeared. The inhabitants thought an
angel had appeared, and led them to victory. But it was
General Goflte, one of the Judges of King Charles I, who was
secreted in the town.* See President Stiles' history of the
Judges, 109, and Holmes, I, 424.

About 11 September Capt. Beers with 36 men went up the
river to observe how things stood at a new plantation called
Squakeag, now Northfield. The Indians a few days before *
(but unknown to them) had fallen upon the place and killed
9 or 10 persons, and now laid in ambush for the English,
whom it appears they expected. They had to march nearlj^
30 miles through a hideous forest. On arriving within three
miles of the {jlace, they were fired upon by a host of enemies,
and a large proportion of their number fell. The others
gained an eminence and fought bravely till their Captain
^was slain, when they fled in every direction. Sixteen only
escaped. Hubbard, 107.

On the 18th following, as Capt. Lothrop with 80 men was
guarding some carts from Deerfield to Hadley, they were

fafien

• It was believed that the Indians generally returned from
tHe western frontier along the Connecticut, and took" up
their winter quarters among the Narragansets : but whethWr ,
Philip did is uncertain. Some supposfc^ that h^ visited ^^it^^*^
Mohawk* and Canada Indians for assistance.

PHILIPS WAR. 65.

designed mischief. And so t^e event soon disco-
vered. The next winter they began their hostilities
upon the English. The united colonies then agreed
to send an army to* suppress them : Grovemour Wins-
low to command the army.*

He undertaking the expedition, invited Mr. Church
to ccfflunand a company, [ — Y which he declined ;

1 [in the expedition]

■ ■ —^—^ »^-— > ■ »

fallen upon, and, including teamsters, 90 were slain ; 7 or
8 only escaped. Ibid. 108.

October 5, the Springfield Indians having been joined by
about 800 of Philip's men began the destruction of Spring-
field. But the attack being expected, Major Treat was sent
for, who was then at Westneld, and arrived in time to save
much of the town from the flames, but, 82 houses were
consumed. Holmes, I, 425. ^

October 19, Hatfield was assaulted on all sides by 7 or 800
Indians, but there being a considerable number of men well
prepared to receive them, obliged them to flee without doing
much damage. A few out ouildingjs were burned, and
some of the defenders killed, but we nave no account how
many. Holmes, 1, 425, says this affair took place at Hadley ;
but Hubbard whom he cites, 116, says it was at Hatfield.
The places are only separated by a bridge over the Con-
necticut, and were formerly included under the ^same name.

Mr. Hoyt in his Antiquarian Researches, 136, thinks that
it was in this attack that Gen. Goffe made his appearance,
because Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of an attack upon that
place in Sept. 1675, which, if there had been one, it would
not have escaped his notice. But this might have been un-
noticed by Mr. Hubbard as well as some other affairs of
the war.

Thus are some of the most important events sketched in
our hero's absence, and we may now add concerning him
what Homer did of Achilles' return to the siege of Troy.

Then great AchHIes, terrour of the plain,
* hong lost to battle, shone in arms again.

Iliad, II, B. XX, 67.

* It was to consist of 1000 men and what friendly Indians
would join them. Massachusetts was to furnish 527, Ply-
mouth 158^ Connecticut 315. Major Robert Treat with
those of Connecticut, Maj. Bradford with those of Plymouth,
and Maj. Samuel Appleton with those of Massachusetts.
The whole under Gen. Josiah Winslow. American Annals,
1,426.

66 PHILfrnS WAE.

cravit^ exctfse fix>m taking [a] commisgion, [but^
he promises to wait upon him as a Refcnrmado [a vo*
lunteer] through the expedition. Having rode with
the General to Boston, aiid from thence to Rehoboth^
upon the General's request he went thence the near-
est way over the ferries, with Major Smith,* to his
garrison in the Narraganset country, to prepare and
provide for the coming of General Winslow, who
marched round through the country with his army,
proposing by night to surprise Pumham,f a certain
Narraganset sachem, and his town ; but being awc^ce
of the approach of our army, made their escape in-
to the desertsj. But Mr. Church meeting- with fiiir
winds, arrived safe at the Major's garrison in the
evening,^ and soon began to inquire after the ene-
my's resorts, wigwams or sleeping places ; and hav-
ing gained some intellig^ice, he proposed to the Ek
dridges and some other brisk hands that he met with,
to attempt the surprising of some of the enemy, to
make a present of, to the General, when he should
arrive, which might advantage his design^ Being
brisk blades they readily complied with the mo-
tion, and were soon upon their march. The night
was very cold, but blessed with the moon. Before

* This gentleman, Mr. Hubbard informs us, Nar. 128
lived in Wickford where the army was to take up its head-
quarters. Wickford is about 9 miles N. W. from Newport
on Narraganset bay.

t r Sachem of Shawomot or Warwick.)

Tnis Sachem had signed the treaty in July, wherein such
great faith and fidelity were promised. • See note 3 on pace
36. A few days before the jgreat swamp fight at Narraganset
Capt. Prentice destroyed his town after it was deserted. But
in July, 1676, he was killed by some of the Massachusetts
men, near Dedham. A grandson of his was taken before
this, by a party under Capt. Denison, who was esteemed the
best soldier and most warlike of all the Narraganset chiefs.
Trumbull, I, 345.

t It appears that all did not escape into the deserts. The
heroick Capt. Mosely captured 36 on his way to Wickford.

§ December 11.

PHIUP'S WAR.

the day broke they effected their exp]
tbe rising of the sun, arrived at the Maj
where they met the General, and preser
eigfateea of the enemy, [which] they ha
The General, pleased with the exploit
thanks, particularly to Mr. Church, th
chief actor of the busiucss. And sen
them (likely boys) [as} a present to B<
oniling oo Mr. Chiu-ch, told him, Uiat
doubt out his faculty would supply th
dian boys enough before the war was e
Their next move was to a swamp,* v
dians had fortified with a fort.f Mr. C)
tbe General's guard when the bloody

■Habbard, 136, »an that the army was
place by one Peter, a. fui^ttre IndiaD, who fl«i
««gaoEet3, upon some discontent, and to him
debted, in a great measure for their success,
fore the army would have found the enemy, o
of the fort tliey would have fallen, is uncertai
that had they come upon any other put, t
been repulsed. Whether this Peter was the
oaks, or Peter Nunnuit, the husband of W
Queen of Pocasset, is uncertain. But Mr. I
him a fugitive from the Narragansets. If he
gBDset, he was neither.

t Before this, on the 14, a scout under HerKet
ed two and took four prisoners. Therest of tl
ny, in ranging the country, came upon atoi
wigwams, killed 7 of the enemy ana brought
ners. On the 15, some Indians came under
making peace, and on their retam killed seve
lisb, who were scattered on their own busi
^AMosely, while escorting Ma^, Appleton'd mi
K was fired upon by 50 or 90 of the enemy from
wall, hot were immediately dispersed, leaving
the 16, they received the news that Jerry Bi
Petty quamscot, was burned, and 15 persons 1
18, the Connecticut farces arrived, who on
taken and killed 11 of the enemy. The unitei
out, Dec. 19, for the headquarters of the enei
ther was severely cold and much snow upi
They arrived upon the borders of the ewe
i^clock, Hubbard, 138 to 130.

58 PHILIP'S WAR.

began. But being impatient of being out of the
heat of the action, importunately begged leave of the
General, that he might run down to the assistance of
hii? friends. The General yielded to his request,
provided he could rally some hands to go with him.
Thirty men immediately .drew out and followed him. .
They entered the swamp, and passed over the log,
that was the passage into the fort, where they saw
many men and several valiant Captains lie slain.*
Mr. Church spying Captain Gardner of, Salem,
amidst the wigwams in the east end of the fort, made
towards him; but on a sudden, while they were
looking each other in the face. Captain Gardner set-
tled down. Mr. Church stepped to him, and seeing
the blood run down his cheek lifted up his cap, ana
calling him by his nami^, he looked up in his face
but spake not a word; being niortally shot through
' the head. And observing his wound, Mr. Church
found the ball entered hrs head on the side that was
next the upland, where the English entered the
swamp. Upon which, having ordered some care t<>
be taken of the Captain, he despatched information
to the General, that the best and forwardest of his
army, that hazarded their lives to enter the fort upon
the muzzles of the enemy's guns, were shot in their
backs, and killed by them that lay behind. Mr.
Church with his small company, hastened out of the
fort (that the English were now possessed of) to get
. a shot at the Indians that were in the swamp,
and kept firing upon them. He soon met with ^^^
broad and bloody track where the enemy had fled ^K^
with their wounded men. Following hard in ^he '
track, he soon spied one of the enemy, who clapped
his gun across his breast, made towards Mr. Church,
and beckoned to him with his hand. Mr. Church
immediately commanded no man to hurt him, hop-

* Six Captains were killed. Captains Davenport, Gardir
ner and Jonnson of Massachusetts ; Gallop, Btiely and Mar-
shall of Connecticut. No mention is made that any officers
were killed belonging to Plymouth,.

PHILIP'S WAR, 5» \

iDg by him to have gained some intelligeace of the
enemy, that might be of advantage. But k unhappi-
ly fell' out, that a fellow that had lagged behind,
coming up, shot down the Indian ; to Mr. Churches
great grief and disappointment. But inmiediately
they heard a great shout of the enemy, which seem-
ed to be behind them or between them and the fort;
and discovered them running from tree to tree to gain
advantages of firing upon the English that were in
the fort. Mr. Church's great difficulty now was,
how to discover himself to his friends in the fort ;
using several inventions, till at length he gained an
opportunity to call to, and informed a Sergeant in
the fort, that he was there and might be exposed to
their shots, unless they observed if. By this time he
discovered a number of the enemy, almost within
shot of him,, making towards the fort. Mr. Church
and his company were favoured by a heap of brush
that was between them, and the enemy, and pre-
vented their being discovered to them. Mr. Church
had given his men their particular orders for firing
upon the enemy. And as they were rising up to
make their shot, the aforementioned Sergeant in the
fort, called out to them, for God's sake not to fire,
for he believed they were some of their friend In- ,
dians. They clapped down again, but were soon,
sensible of tiie Sergeant's mistake.;^ The enemy got
to the top of the tree, the body whereof the Sergeant
stood upon, and there clapped down out of sight
of the fort ; but all this while never discovered Mr.
Church, who observed them to keep gathering unto
that place until there seemed to be a formidable
black heap of them. " Now brave boys," said Mr.
Church to his men, " if we mind our hits we may
have a brave shot, and let our sign for firing on them,
be their rising to fire into the fort." It was not long
before the Indians rising up as one body, designing
to pour a volley into the fort, when our Church
nimbly started up, and gave them such a round vol-

60 J^HILIP'S WAR.

ley, and unexpected clap on their backs, tbat tl^y,
who escaped with their lives, were so surprised, that
they scampered, they knew not whither themselves.
About a dozen of them ran right over the log into
the fort, and took into a sort of hovel that was bnilt
with poles, after the manner of a corn crib^ Mr.
Church's men having their cartridges fixed, were
»oon ready to obey his orders, which were immedi-
ately to charge and run [— P upon the hovel and over-
set it ; calling as he ran on, to some that were in the
fort, to assist him in oversetting it. They no sooner
came to fece the enemy's shelter, but Mr. Church
discovered that one of them had found a hole to
point his gun thipugh right at him. But however
fhe] encouraged his company, and ran right on, till
Be was struck with three bullets ; one in his thigh,
which was near half cut off as it glanced on the
joint of his hip bone ; another through the gather-
ings of his breeches and drawers with a small flesh
wound ; a third pierced his pocket, and wounded a
pair of mittens that he had borrowed of Captain
Prentice ; being wrapped up together, had the mis-
fortune of having many holes cut through them with
ene bullet. But however he made shift to keep on
his legs, and nimbly discharged his gun at them that
had wounded him. Being disabled now to go a step,
his men would Jiave carried him off, but he forbid
tiieir touching of him, until they had perfected their
project of oversetting the enemy's shelter ; bid them
run, for now the Indians had no guns charged.
While he was urging them to nm on, the Indians be-
gan to shoot arrows, and with one pierced through
Ihe arm of an Englishman that had hold of Mtj,
Church's arm to support him. The English, in short,
were discouraged and drew back. And by this
tane the English people in the fort had begun to set
fire to the wigwams aud houses in the fort, which
Mr. CImrch lahK)ured hard to prevent. They told him

I [on]
k'

PHILIPS War. 61

[that] they had orders from the General to bum
them. He begged them to forbear until he had dis-
coursed with the General. And hastening to him,
he begged to spare the wigwams, &c., in the fort
from fire. [And] told him [that] the wigwams were
musket proof; being all lined with baskets and tubs
of grain and other provisions, sufficient to supply
the whole army, until the spring of the year, and
every wounded man might have a good wafm house
to lodge in, who otherwise would necessarily perish
with the storms and cold ; and moreover that the
army had no other provisions to trust unto or depend
upon; that Jie knew that the Plymouth forces had
not so much as one [biscuit]* left, for he had seen
their last dealt out, &e.* The General advising a
few words with the g&ntlemen that were about him
moved towards the fort, designing to ride in himself,
and bring in the whole army ; but just as he was en-
tering the swamp one of his Captains met him, and
asked him, whither he was going *? He told him "In-
to the fort." The Captain laid hold of his horse,
and told him, [that] his life was worth an hundred of
theirs, and [that] he should not expose himself. The
General told him, that, he supposed the brunt* was
Gfer, and that Mr. Church had informed him that
the fort was taken, &c. ; and as the case was cir-
cumslanced, he was of the mind, that it was most
practicable for him and his army to shelter them-
i^ves in the fort. The Captain in a great heat re-
plied, that Church lied; and told the General, that,
if be moved another step, towards the fort he would
9hoot his horse under him. Then [bristled]^ up
1 [bi^ke] 2 [brusledj

*Thus the heroick Church discovered .not only great
blravery in battle, but judgment arid forethought. Had hiS:
advice been taken, no doubt many liyes would have been
saved. It may be remarked, that notwithst^ding Mr.
Church so distinguished himself in this &i^tr his name i» not
mentioned by our chief histprians,

C2 PHILIP'S WAR.

- pother gentleman, a certain Doctor,* and opposed
Mr. Church's advice, and said, [that] if it were com-
plied with, it would kill more men than the enemy
had killed. " For (said he) by tomorrow the wound-
ed men will be so stiff, that there will be no moving
of them." And looking upon Mr. Church, and see-
ing the blood flow apace from his wounds, told him,
that if he gave such advice as that was, he should
bleed to death like a dog, before they would endea-
vour to stanch his blood. Though after they h^d
prevailed against his advice they were sufliciently
kind to him. And burning up all the houses and
provisions in the fort, the army returned the same
night in the storm and cold. And I suppose that
every one who is acquainted with that night's march,
deeply laments the miseries ihat attended them;
especially the wounded and dying men.f But it
mercifully came to pass that Captain Andrew Bel-
cherj arrived at Mr. Smith's that very night from
Boston with a vessel laden with provisions for the
army, which must otherwise have perished for want.
Some of the enemy that were then in the fort have
since informed us that, near a third of the Indians

bel(Miging to all the Narraganset country, were kill-

^ — . , ^ 1

* I have not been able to learn the name of the beforemen-
tioned Captain nor Doctor. Perha^ps it is as well if their
memories be buried in oblivion. Trumbull says thatj they
had the best surgeons which the country could produce.
Hist. Con. I, 340. In another place, I, 346, Mr. Gershom
Bulkley, besays, ** was viewed one of the greatest physicians
* and surgeons then in Connecticut."

t What rendered their situation more intolerable, was,
beside tbe severity of the cold, a tremendous storm filled the
atmosphere with snow ; through which they had 18 miles to
march before they arrived at their headquarters. See Hist.
Connecticut, I, 340.

J The father of Governour Belcher. He lived at Cam-
bridge, and was one of his Majesty's council. No one was more
respected for integrity, and it is truly said, that he was " an
ornament aiid blessing to his country.*' He died October
.31, 1738, aged 71. Eliot, 52.

PHILIP'S WAR. 63

ed by the English, and by the cold of that night;*
that they fled out of their fort so hastily, that they
carried nothing with them, that if the English had
kept in the fort, the Indians would certainly have
been necessitated, either to surrender themselves to
them, or to have perished by hunger, and the seve*
uity of the season »f

Some time after this fort fight, a certain Sogkon-
4te Indian, hearing Mr. Church relate the manner
of his being wounded, told liim, [that] he did not
know but he himself was the Indian that wounded
bim, for that he was one of that compptny of Indians
that Mr. Church made a shot upon, when they were
rising to make a shot into the fort. They were in
niiii^r dt>out sixty or seventy that just then came
down from Pumham's town J and never before then
fired a gun against the English, That when Mr.

• Mr. Hubbard, 135, mentions, that one Potock, a great
counsellor among them, confessed on being taken, thai the
Indians lost 700 fighting men, besides SOO, who died of their
wounds. Many old persons, children and wounded, no
doubt perished in the flames. But letters froni thd army, at the
time, may be seen in Hutchinson, T, 272, 273, in which the
enemy's loss is not so highly rated. They compare better
with the account given by our author in the next note.

t (The swamp fight happened on December 19,* 1675, in
which about 50 English were killed in the action, and died
of their wounds ; and about 300 or 350 Indians, men, women
and children were killed, and as many more captivated.f It
iseaid 500 wigwams were burned with the fort, and 200
more in other parts of Narraganset. The place of the fort
was an elevated ground, or piece of upland, of, perhaps, 3 or
4 acres, in the middle of a hideous swamp, about, 7 miles
nearly due west from Narraganset, south ferry. J)

J What is now Warwick. See note 2, page 56.

* The old copy of this history, from which I print this, gives the date,
I>ec. 29, but it must be a misprint.

t Perhaps later writers are more correct with regard to the loss of the
RDglish, than our anthor. It is said that there were above 80 slain, and
150 wounded, who afterwards recoYered. Hist. Con. I, 340.

X The swamp where this battle was fought is in SojithkiQgston, B^iodir
island, ^tuated as mentioned above.

^4^ PHILIP'S WAR.

Chprch fired upon them he killed fourteen dead upon
the spot, and wounded a greater number than he
killed. Many of which died afterwards of their
Wounds, in the cold and storm [of] the following
night.

Mr. Church was moved witli other wounded meli,
over to Rhodeisland, where in about three months'
time, he was in some good measure recovered of
his wounds, and the fever that attended them; and
then went over to the General* to take his leave of
him, with a design to return home.f But the Gene-

* General Wimjlow, with the Plymouth and Massachusetts
forces, remained in the Narraganset country raost of the
winter, and performed considerable against the en^my.
The Connecticut men under Major Treat, being much cut
to pieces, returned home.

t While our hero is getting better of his wounds we will
take a short view of What is transacting abroad.
_ JThe enemy^ toward the end of JanuarVj left their country
and moved off to the Nipmucks. A party, in their ways
drove off 15 horses, 50 cattle and 200 sheep, from one of th§.
inhabitants of Warwick. On the 10 Feb., several hundreds
of them fell upon Lancaster ; plundered and burned a great
part of the town, and killed or captivated forty persons.
(Philip commanded in this attack, it was supposed.) Feb.
21, nearly half of the town of Medtield was burned, and on
the 25, seven or eight buildings were also burned at Wey-
taouth. March 13, Groton was all destroyed excepting foai*
garrbon houses. On the 17, Warwick had every house burned
save one. On the 26, Marlborough was nearly all destroyed,
and the inhabitants deserted it. The same day Capt. Pierce
of Scituate with fifty English and twenty friendljr Indians,
was cut off with most of nis men. (For the particulars of
this affair see note further onward.) On the 28, forty houses
and thirty barns were burned at Rehoboth : and the day
following, about SO houses in Providence. The main body
of the enemy whs supposed now to be in the woods between
Brookfield and Marlborough, and C*inecticut river. Capt.
Denison of Connecticvt with a few brave volunteers per-
formed signal services. In the first of April he killed and took
44 of the enemy, and before the end of the month 76 more
were killed and taken, all without the loss of a man. In the
beginning of April the Wamesit Indians did some mischief at
"Chelmsford^ on Merrimack river, to which it appears they
bad been provoked. On the 17, the remaining houses at

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Tl a* tlirT 3L.liiiae.d- TxirTt ^^Ei- HjttrJi Tr -,T!r liXV*

&^t&a Lztc^iA. r*ur?;aeid kiztc ^kium «)e <<4

Lri -wrrr rTmsrrDf^d. Ti?* rrn hbt, ;> AT*rv,ti>eT
W prrm IT. 2s -exd^ms f»tr^- * Near ii>r rvrc rf ApraU Seme-

a»c* *i>d j^n iSf fT** T» T T«» ^iziA. Msr >, i^^t ^szr?^<sl IT

footh c4' Bo«t«i- >5iTiK>T, >' fcrrihi. 11, -t?"!, >a>^ tiiii, •- »oc

*umi^ »«• cW? : tLit w^•Ml i^-^-ir c^fi i^^c^^^r^ arrd ai ihw
fn^. Cod. fz^TH b^Bi^'E- ^"^rtl fcTtlrtr-a with a <;orm <^
Sghtmse. itcj-O^r aad rt--. li^*'^^t.J• i CTrat part of tl^ir
Wa fgc werr pf>»prr?4L^ Ob tbe 11 * tke town ol* PirnMitli
k»d K b o a w p- ? mm^ l«&r»c bvixf^ ; and t«ro days after 9 flK«rr,
Mi<klleboroQ<ri}. S^ niil^-^ irca Boston, hac its ^w reinainin^
boa-e« baro^ti ih^ ?am* Civ.

Tbcse wer^ tii^ rioa diftresanf: dars that NewrnfR-
iand crer beheUL Town aAer town fJcll a sacrifice to tlM^
fnrr. Afl was fear and consteraatioB. Few Uieieweie^
wbo woe not an moomics; lor lome near idndred, and no-
thing baft borrcKir «tared them in the face. Bat we are now to
see the affairs of Philip decline.

* I cannot find as anj other historian has taken nolice of
this expedition of the commander in chieU It appeals frooi
what is abote stated that it was in March, 1676.

t (CotmtTT about Worcester, O^ibrd^ GrafUNd, Didky.

6»

66 PHILIP'S WAR.

to a more lonple confession of what he knew con-^^
cerning his countrymen. Mr. Church, verily believ-
ing [that] he had been ingenuous in his confession,
interceded and prevailed for his escaping torture.
But the army being bound forward in their march,
and the Indian's wound somewhat disenabting him
for travelling, it was concluded [that] he should be
knocked on the head. Accordingly he was brought
before a great fire, and the Mohegan that took him
was allowed, as he desired to be, his executioner.
Mr. Church taking no delight in the spcH-t, framed
an errand at ^ome distance among Uio baggage
horses, and when he had got ten rods, or thereabouts,
from the fire, the executioner fetching a blow witli
a hatchet at the head of the prisoner, he being aware
of the blow, dodged his head aside, and the execu-
tioner missing his stroke, the hatchet flew out of his
hand, and had like to have done execution where it
was not designed. The prisoner upon his narrow
escape broke from them that held hun, and notwith-
standing his wound, made use of his legs, and hap-
pened to run right upon Mr. Church, who laid hold
on him, and a close scuffle they had ; but the Indian
having no clothes on slipped from him and ran again,
and Mr. Church pursued [him,]^ although being
lame there was no great odds in the race, until the
Indian stumbled and fell, and [than] tlioy closed
again — scuffled and fought pretty smarily, until the
Indian, by the advantage of his nakedness, slipped
from his hold again, and set out on his third race,
with Mr. Church close at his heels, endeavouring to
lay hold on the hair of his head, which wa« all the
hold could be taken of him. And running through
a swamp that was covered with hollow ice, it made
so loud a noise that Mr. Church expected (but in
v^) that some of his English friends would follow
the noise and come to his assistance. But the In-
happened to run athwart a large tree that lay

I rthe Indian]

PHILIP'S WAR. 67

fallen near breast high, where he stopped and cried
out alood for help. But Mr. Church being soon
iq>on him again, the Indian seized him fast by the
hair of his head, and endeavoured by twisting to
break his neck. But though Mr. Church's wounds
had somewhat weakened \ma^ and the Indian a stout
fellow, yet he held him in play and twisted the In-
dian's neck as ^^^11, and took the advantage of many
opportunities, white they hung by each Qther's hair,
gave him notorious bunt^ in the face with his head.
But in the b^at of the scufHe they heard the ice
break, with somebody's comin^pace to them, which
when they heard. Church concluded there was help
for one or other of them, but was doubtful which of
them must now receive the fatal stroke— anon same-
body comes up to them, who proved to be the In-
dian that had fast taken the prisoner ; [and] with-
out speaking a word, he felt them out, (for it was
so dark he could not distinguish them by sight, the
one being clothed and the other naked) he felt
where Mr. Church's hands were fastened in the Ne-
tq>'s* hair and with <me blow settled his hatchet in
between ^em, and [thus] ended the strife. He tlien
spoke to Mr. Churcn and hugged him in his arms,
and thanked him abundantly for catching his prison-
er. [He then]^ cut off the head of his victim and
carried it to tbe ctmip, and [after] giving an account
to the rest of the friehd Indians in the camp how
Mr. Church had seized his pris<mer, &c., they all
joined in a mighty shout.

Proceeding in this march they had the success of
killing many of Ihe enemy ; until at length their
provisions failing, they returned home.

King Philipf (as was before hinted) wag fled to a

1 [and]
■ I ■ • — ' — •

♦ The Net(^ Indians were a small tribe among the Sogko-
Bates* <.

t It was supposed by many that Philip was at the great
swamp fight at pCarraganset in December, lfi75. See aota 1*
page 54*

68 PHILIP'S WAR.

place called Scattacook,* between York and Albany,
where the Moohagsf made a descent upon him and
killed many of his men, which moved him from

thence, t

His next kennelling place was at the fall§ of Con-
necticut river, where, sometime after Captain Tur-
ner found him, [cuid] came upon him by night, kill*
ed him a great many men, and frightened many moire-
into the river, that were hurled down the falls and
drowned. II •

• It is above Albany, on the east side of the north branch
of the Hudson, now callecf Hoosac river, about 15 miles from
Albany. Smith wrote this word Scaghtalkook. History TN".
York, 307.

t (Mohawks.)

This word according to Roger Williams, is derived from
the word moho, which signifies to eat. Or Mohawks signifi-
ed cannibals or man eaters among the other tribes of Indians.
Trumbull,, U. States, I, 47. Hutchinson, I, 405. This tribe
wa!5 situated along the Mohawk river, from whom it took its
name, and was one of the powerful Fivenations, who in 1713,
were joined by the Tuskarora Indians, a large tribe from N.
Carolina, and thence known by the name of the' Sixna-
tions. Williamson, N. Carolina, I, 203; Hon; De Witt
Clinton, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 48, says the Tuskaroras
joined the other nations in 1713.

t Philip despairing of exterminating the English with his
Newengland Indians resorted to the Mohawks to persuade
them to engage in his cause. They not being wilHng, he
had recourse to a foul expedient. Meeting with some Mo-
hawks in the woods, hunting, he caused them to be mord^red ;
and then informed their friends, that the English had done
it. But it so happened that one, which was left for dead,
revived and returned to his friends, and informed them of
the truth. The Mohawks in just resentment fell upon him
and killed many of his men. Adams, Hist. N. Eng. 125.

§ TAbove Deerfield.)

It lias been suggested, and it is thooffht very appropriate-
ly to call that cataract, where Capt. Turner destroyed the
Indians, Turner's Falls. See Antiquarian Researches, 131.

II Philip with a great company of his people had taken a
stand at the fall in Connecticut river for the convenience of
tting a supply of fish, after the destruction of their pro-
^% «t the great fw^nx^ fight in Narraganset. Scnne

«VA'

PHILIP'S WAE. 69

Philip got over the river, and on the back side of
Wetuset* hills, meets with all the remnants of the
Narraganset and Nipmuckf Indians, that were there
gathered together, and became very numerous;
and [then] made t^ir descent on Sudbury J and the
ftcljacent parts of the country, where they met with,

jfrisoners dcsert^ed and broHgfat niBwsto Hadley, Hatfield
Vkd Northampt^ of the Indians' sitnaition at the falls. On
Ihe 18 May, 16(Nben under Capt. Turner arrived near their
quarters at day break. The enemy were in their wigwams
asleep, and without guards. The English rushed upon them
snd nred as they rose from sleep, which so terrified them
that they fled m every direction; crying out <^ Mohawks!
Mohawks!" Some ran into the river, some took canoes,
and in their fright forgot the paddles, and were precipitated
down the dreadful fall and dashed in pieces. Tne enemy is
sapposed to have lost 800. The English having finished the
worK, began a retreat ; but the Indians, on recovering from
tiieir terror fell upon their rear, killed Capt. Turner and 38
of his men. See American Annals; I, 430. Why is the
name of Turner not found in our Biographical Dictionaries.^

*In the north part of the present town of Princetown in
Worcester county, about 50 miles W. of Boston. Mr. Hub-
bard wrc^ this word Watchuset, jand Dr. Morse, Wachusett,
and calls it a mountain. See Univ. Gaz. But in this, as well
as many other words, the easiest way is the best way ; hence
Wachuset is to be preferred.

t (About Rutland.)
• It was just said that the Nipmuck country was about Worr
cc8ter, Oxford, ficc. See note 2 on page 65. Nipmuck was
a general name for all Indians beyond the Connecticut to-
ward Canada.

{On the 27 March, 1676, some persons of Marlbo*
rough joined others of Sudbury, and went in search of the
enemy. They came upon nearly 300 of them before day a
deep by their fires^ and v^rithin half a mile of a garrison
house. The English though but 40 in number, ventured to
fire upon them; and before they could arouse and es-
cape, they had several well directed fires, killing and
wounding about 30. On 18 April, as has been before noted,
they furiously fell upon Sudbury, burned several houses and
barns and killed several persons. Ten or 12 persons that
cdisae from Concord, & miles distant, to assist tneir friends,
were drawn into an ambush, and all killed or taken, Htib^
i>ard, 182, 184.

70 PHILIP'S WAR.

and swallowed up [the] valiant Captain Wadsworth*
and his company ; and many other doleful desolations
in those parts. The news whereof coming to Ply-
mouth, and they expecting [that,] probably, the ene-
my would soon return again intil their' colony, the
council of war were called together, and Mr. Church
was sent for to them ; being observed by the whole,
colony to be a person extraordinarily qi^ified for, and
adapted to the affairs of war. It was prcp3sed in coun-
cil^ that lest the enemy in their return, should fall on
Rehoboth^ or some other of their out towns, a com*>
pany consisting of sixty or seventy men, should be
sent into those parts, and [that] Mr. Church [be] in-
vited to take the commcmd of them. He told them
that if the enemy returned into that colony again, they

^■■■■■■■■■■■" ■ '» "" ■■ ■■ ™ ^1 ■ ■ I ■■■ I 1^1 ■■■■ II ■ M ■ ^^^— » -■— ■ I 11 ■ I m 1^1

• Capt. Samuel Wadsworth, father of president Wads-
worth of Harvard College. Capt. Wadsworth was sent from
Boston with 50 men to relieve Marlhorough. After march-
ing 25 miles, they were informed that the enemy had gone ^
toward Sudbury ; so without stopping to take any regt, they
pursued after them. On comine ftear the town, a party of
the enemy were discovered, and pursued about a mile into
the woods, when- on a sudden tfcey were surrounded on all *
sides by 500 Indians, as was judged. No chance of escape
appeared. This little band of brave men now resolved to
fignt to the last man. They gained an eminence, which,
they maintained for some time ; at length, night approach-
ing, they began to scatter, which gave the enemy the advan- •
tage, and nearly every one was slain. This was a dreadM
blow to the country. It is not certain that any ever escaped-
to relate the sad tale. President Wadsworth erected a monu-
ment where this battle was fought with this inscription.

" Captain Samuel Wadsworth of Milton, his Lieutenant
Sharp of Brookline, Captain Broclebank of Rowley, with
about Twenty Six* other souldiers, fighting for the defence
of their country, were slain bv the Indian enemy April 18thj
1676, and lye buried in this place."

" This monument stands to the west of Sudbury causeway,
about one mile southward of the church in old Sudbury, and
about a quarter of a mile from the great road, that leads
from Worcester to Boston." Holmes, I, 429. Sudbury is
about 23 miles from Boston.

• Supposed to be- the mumber of bodie$ found.

PHIUFS WAR. 71

Qiight reasonably expect that they would come very
numerous, aod if he should take the command of
men he should not lie in any town or garriscm
with them, but would lie in the woods as the enemy
did — and that to send out such small companies
against such multitudes of the enemy that were now
mustered together, would be but^o deliver so many
men into their hands, to be destivyed, as the worthy
Captain Wadsworth and his company were. His
advice upon the whole was, that, if they sent out
any forces, to send no less than three hundred sol-
diers ; and that the other colonies should be asked
to send out their quotas also ; adding, that, if they
intended to make an end of the war by subduing the
enemy, they must make a business of the war as the
enemy did ; and that for his own part, he had wholly
laid aside all his own private business and concerns,
ever since the war broke out.* He told them that»
if they would send forth such forces as he should
direct [them] to, he would go with them for six
weeks march, which was long enough for men to be
kept in the woods at once ; and if they might be
sure of liberty to return in such a space) men would
go out cheernilly; and he would engage [that] one
hundred and fifty of the best soldiers should inmie-
diately list, voluntarily, to go with him, if they would

! lease to add fifty more ; and one hundred of the
iend Indians. . And widi such an army, he made
DO doubt, but he might do good service, but on other
terms he did not incline to be .concerned.

Their reply was, that, they were already in debt,
and so big an army would bring such a charge upon
them, that they should never be able to pay. And
as for sending out Indians, they thought it no ways
advisable ; and in short, none of his advice practi-
cable.
, ' - ■ I ^— — ^— ^—

* It will be discoverable in almost every step onward, how
shamefolly Mr. Church was treated by government for aQ
h^ services.

^4 MIILIP'S WAR.

a ^mall slick, but he cut off the top of his fore fin*
g^r, and the next to it half off; upon which he
smilingly said, that he thought he was out of hid
way to leave the war, and resolved he would [go] to
war again.

Accordingly his second son being born on the
12th of May, jand his wife and son [likely]^ to do
well, Mr. Church embraces the opportunity of a pas-
sage in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [which]^ land*
od him at Sogkonesset,^ from whence he rode to
Plymouth, and arrived there the first Tuesday in
June.f

The General Court then sitting, welcomed him,
and told him [that] they were glad to see him alive*
He replied, [that] he was as glad to see them alive ;
for he had seen so many fires and smokes towards
their side of the country, since he lefl them, that he
could scarce eat or sleep with any comfort, for fear
they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was
stopped, and no news had passed for a long time
together.

He gave them an account,! that the Indians had
made horrid desolations at Providence, Warwick,
Pawtuxet, and all over the Narraganset country j
and that they prevailed daily against the English on
that side of the country. [He] told them [3iat] he
lorised to hear what methods they designed [to take]
in me war. They told him [that] they were par-

i[Ukc] »[who]

* Known now by the name of Wood's hole. It is in the
town of Falmouth, not far to the eastward of Sogkonate point.
Douglass wrote this name Soconosset, and Hutchinsoti Suca-
nesset. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom it
took its name.

t Namely the 8.

X We should not suppose that this was the first intelligence
that the people of Plymouth received of the destruction of
those places, as this visit was nearly 3 months after the des-
truction of Warwick, Providence, fcc, and about 4 from the
cutting off of Capt. Fierce ; yet it might be the case.

PHfUfFS WAR. 7k

ticularly giad that providence had brought hhn Aere
at that juncture ; for they had concluded the very
next day to send out an army of two hundred men ;
two thirds English, and one third Indians ; in some
measure agreeable to his former proposal— expect-
ing Boston and Connecticut to join with their
quotas.

In short, it was so concluded, and that Mr. Church
should return to the island, and see what he could
muster there, of those who had moved from Swan-
zey, Dartmouth, &c. ; so returned the same way
[that] he came. When he came to Sogkonesset, he
had a sham put upon him about a boat [which] he
had bought to go home in, and was forced to hire
two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a canoe
from Elizabeth's* to Rhodeisland.

It fell out, that as they were on their voyage pass-
ing by Sogkonate point,f some of the enemy were
upon the rocks a filing. He bid the Indians that
managed the canoe, to paddle so near the rocks, as
that he might call to those Indians ; [and] told them,
that he had a great mind ever fiincc the war broke
oot to speak with some of the Sogkonate Indians,
and that they were their relations, and therefore they
need not fear their hurting of them. And he add-
ed, that, he had a mighty conceit, that if he could
get a fair opportunity to discourse [with] them, that
lie could draw them off from Philip, for he knew ,
[that] they never heartily loved him. The enemy
hallooed, and made signs for the canoe to come to.
them ; but when they approached them they skulkedf
and hid in the clefts of the rocks. Then Mr.
Church ordered the canoe to be paddled off again,
lest, if he came too near, they should fire upon him.

Then the Indians appearing again, beckoned and

■ » ^ ■ ■ . — • — . — li '

* From Woods hole or Sogkonesset to this island is 1 mile.

t A little north of this point is a small bay called CbuTchfs
cove, and a small cape about 2 miles further north bears the
name of Church's pomt.

7& PHILIP'S WAR.

ashore, for they wanted to speak with [them.}'
T|ie Indians in the canoe answered them again, but
th|3y on the rocks toW them, that the surf made such
a ^/Di»e .against the rocks, [Uiat] they couJd not heax
any thing they said. Then Mr. Church by sign9
with his hands, gave [them] to understand, that he
would have two of them go down upon the point of
tl^e beach. (A place where a man might see who
was near him.) Accordingly two of them ran along
the beach, and met him there without their arms ;
excepting, that oi^e of them had a lance in his hand.
They urged Mr. Church to come ashore, for they
had a great desire to have some discourse with him.
He tpld them, [that] if he, that had his weapon in
his hand, would carry it up some distance upon the
beach, and leave it, he would come ashore and dis-
course [with] theizi: H^ did so, and Mr. Church went
ashore, hauled up his canoe, ordered one of his In-
dians to stay by it, and the other to walk above on
the beach, as a sentinel, to see that the coasts were
clear. And when Mr. Church came up to the In-
dians,; one of them happened to be honest George,
one of the two that Awashonks formerly sent to call
him to her dance, and was «o careful to guard him
back to his house again. [This was] the last Sogko-
nate Indian he spoke with before the war broke out.
He spoke English very well. Mr. Church asked him
where Awashonks was 9 [He said]^ " In a swamp
tlibout three miles off." Mr. Church asked liim what
it was [that] he wanted, that he hallooed and called
him ashore 9 He answered, that he took him for
Church as soon as he heard his voice in the canoe,
and that he was very glad to see him alive ; and he
believed his mistress would be as glad to see him,
and speak with him. He told him fiirther, that he
believed she was not fond of maintaining- a war witli
th<5 English, and that she had left Philip and did not

i[hiin] 2 [He told him]

PHILIP'S WAE. T7

intend to return to him any more. He was mighty
earnest with Mr. Church to tarry there while he
would run and call her; but he told him *^No, for
he did not know but the Indians would come down
and kill him before he could get back again." He
said that, if Mounthope, or Pocasset Indians could
catch him, he believed they would knock him on the
head ; but all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well,
and he believed none of them would hurt him. In
short, Mr. Church refused, then, to tarry; but pro-
mised that he would come over again and speak with
Awashonks, and some other Indians that he had a
Blind to talk with. v

Accordingly ]ie [directed]* him to notify Awa-
shonks, her son Peter,* their chief Captain, and one
Nompashf (an Indian that Mr. Church had, former-
ly, a particular respect for) to meet him two days
after, at a rock at the lower end of Captain Rich-
mond'sj farm, which was a very noted place. And
if that day should prove stormy, or windy, they were
to expect him the next moderate day ; Mr. Church
telling George, that he would have him come with
the persons mentioned, and no mpTe. They gave
each other their hands upon it, [and] parted.

Mr. Church went home, and the next morning to
Newport ; and informed the government of what had
passed between iiim and the Sogkonate Indians; and
desired their permit for him, and Daniel Wilcox§ (a

* [appointed]

• See note 1, on page 57.

t In another place his name is spelt Numposh. He was
Captain of the Sogkonate or Seconate Indians in " the first
cxpcdition>ast."

I This rock is near the water a little north of where they
then were.

§ 'the fatal 10 November, 1825, allows me only to say of
this person that descendants in the fourth generation (I
think) are found in Newbedford. See page iv, of my pre-

fecc.

78 PHILIf'S WAR.

man that well understood the Indian language,) ta
go over to them. They told him, that they thought
he was mad ; after such service as he had done, and
such dangers that he [had] escaped, now to throw
away his life ; for the rogues would as certainly kill
him as ever he went over. And utterly refused to
grant his permit, or to be willing that he should run
the risk.

Mr. Church told them, that it ever had been in
his thoughts, since the war broke out, chat if he
could discourse the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw
them off from Philip, and employ them against him ;
but could not, till now, never have an opportunity to
speak with any of them^ and was very loath to lose
it, &c. At length they told him, [that] if he would
go, it should be only with the two Indians that came
with him ; but they would give him no permit under
their hands.

He took his leave of them, resolving to prosecute
his design. They told him, they were sorry to see
him so resolute, nor if he went did they ever expect
to see his face again.

He bought a bottle of rum, and a small roll , of
tobacco, to carry with him, and returned to his
family.

The next day, being the day appointed for the
meeting, he prepared two light canoes for the de-
sign, and his own man with the two Indians for hia
company. He used such arguments with his tender
and now almost broken hearted wife, from the expe-
rience of former preservations, and the prospect of
the great service he might do, (might it please God .
to succeed his design, &c.,) that he obtained her
consent to his attempt. And committing her, the
babes, and himself to heaven's protection, he set
out.

They had, from the shore, about a league to pad-*
tile. Drawing near the place, they saw the Indians
sitting on the bank, waiting for their coming. Mr.

PHILIPS WAR. 79

Church sent one of his Indians ashore in one of the
canoes to see whether they were the same Indians
whom he had appointed to meet him^ and no more :
And if so, to stay ashore and send George to fetch
him. Accordingly George came and fetched Mr.
Church ashore, while the other canoe played off to
Bee the event, and to carry tidings, if the Indians
should prove false.

Mr. Church asked George whether Awashonks
and the other Indians [that] he appointed to meet
him were there? He answered [that] tBfey were.
He then asked him if there were no more than they,
whom he appointed to be there ? To which he
would give no direct answer. However, he went
ashore ; when he was no sooner landed, but Awa-
shonks and the rest that he had appointed to meet
him there, rose up and came down to meet him; and
each of them successively gave him their hands, and
expressed themselves glad to see him, and gave him
thanks for exposing himself to visit them. They
walked together about a gun shot from the water,
to a convenient place to sit down, where at once
rose up a great body of Indians, who had lain hid
in the grass, (that was [as] high as a man's waist)
and gathered round them, till they had closed them
in ; being all armed with guns, spears, hatchets, &c.,
with their hairs trimmed, and faces painted, in their
warlike appearance.

It was doubtless somewhat surprising to our gen-
tleman at first, but without any visible discovery of
it, after a small silent .pause on each side, he spoke
to Awashonks, and told her, that George had inform-
ed him that she had a desire to see him, and dis-
course about making peace with the English. She
answered "Yes." "Then," said Mr. Church, "it is
customary when people meet to treat of peace, to
lay aside their arms, and not to appear in such hos*-
tile form as your people do." [He] desired of her,
that if they might talk about peace, which he d^?ir-

80 PHILIP'S WAR.

ed they might, her men might lay aside their arms,
and appear more treatable. Upon which there be-
gan a considerable noise and murmur among them
in their own language, till Awashonks asked him
what arms they should lay down, and where *? He
(perceiving the Indians looked very surly and much
aispleasedj replied, ^'Only their guns at some small
distance^ for formality's saJte." Upon which with one
consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat
down.

Mr. Cffurch pulled out his calabaah, and asked
Awashonks whether she had lived so long at Wetu-
set,* as to forget to drink occapeches*?f and drink-
ing to her, he perceived that she watched bim very
"diligently, to see (as he thought) whether he swal-
lowed any of the rum. He offered her the shell,
but she desired him to drink again first. He then
told her, [that] there was no poison in it ; and pour-
ing some into the palm of his hand, sipped it Up.
And took the shell and drank to her again, and drank
a good swig, which indeed was no more than he
needed. Then they all standing up, he said to
Awashonks, " You wont drink for fear there should
be poison in it," and then handed it to a little ill
looking fellow, who catched it readily enough, and
as greedily would have swallowed the liquor when he
had it at his mouth. But Mr. Church catched him
by the throat, and took it from him, asking him
whether he intended to swallow shell and all 9 and
then handed it to Awashonks. She ventured to take
a good hearty dram, and passed it among her atten**
dants.

The shell being emptied, he pulled out his to* J
bacco; and having distributed it, they began to
talk.

Awashonks demanded of him the reason, why he
had not (agreeable to his promise when she saw him

— ' ■ ' ■ L . I II _ I. ■ III ■ I I J ■ II ._■■ . II M ■_■ mam-^^-mmm^LM.^^,^

* Wachuset. See note 1, on p. 69.

t CoiDinonly heard as though written okape, or oeht^e.

PHIlilP>S WASi^ 81-

last) been down at Sogkonate before now 1 Saying,
that probably if he had come then, accordkig to his
promise, they had never joined with Philip against
the English.

He told her [that] he was prevented by the war's
breaking out so suddenly ; and yet, he was after-
wards coming down, and came as far as Punkatees,
where a great many Indians set upon him,^ and fought
him a whole afternoon, though he did not come pre-
pared to fight, [and] had but nineteen men with him,
whose chief design was to gain an opportunity to
discourse some Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there
at once arose a mighty murmur, confused noise €md
talk among the fierce looking creatures, and all rrs-
iog up in a hubbub. And a great surly looking fel-
low took up his tomhog, or wooden cutlass to kill
Mr. Church, but some others prevented him.

The interpreter asked Mr. Church, if h^ under-
stood what it was that the great fellow (they had
hold of) said'? He answered him "No." "Why"
said the interpreter, " he says [that] you killed bis
brother at Punkatees, and therefore he thirsts for
your blood." Mr. Church bid the interpreter tell
him that his brother began first ; that if he had kept
at Sogkonate, according to his desire and order, he
should not have hurt him.

Then the chief Captain commanded silence ; and
told them that they should talk no more about old
things, &c., and quelled the tumult, so that they sat
down again, and began upon a discourse of making
peace with the English. Mr. Church asked them what
proposals they would make, and on what terms they
would break their league with Philip? Desiring
them to make some proposals that he might carry to
his masters ; telling them that it was not in his pow-
er to conclude a peac.e with them, but that he knew
that if their proposals were reasonable, the govern-
ment would not be unreasonable ; and that he would
use his interest with the government for them ; and.

M PmLIP*SWAK.

to encourage them to proceed, pat them in mind
that the Pequots* once made war with the English,
and that after they subjected themselves to the Eng-
lish, the English became their protectors, and de-
fended them against other nationsf that would other-
wise have destroyed them, &c.

After some further discourse and debate he brought
them at length to consent, that if the government of
Plymouth would firmly engage to them, that they
and all of them, and their wives and children should
have their lives spared, and none of them transport-
ed out of the country, they would subject themselves
to them, and serve them, in what they were able.

Then Mr. Church told them, that he was well '
satisfied the government of Plymouth would readily
concur with what they proposed, and would sign
their articles. And complimenting them upon it,
how pleased he was with the thoughts of their re-
turn, and of the former friendship that had been be-
tween them, (fee.

The chief Captain rose up, and expressed* the
great value and respect he had for Mr. Church ; and
bowing to him, said, " Sir, if you will please to ac-
cept of me and my men, and will head us, we ^will
fight for you, and will help you to Philip's head be-
fore the Indian corn be ripe." And when he had
ended, they all expressed their consent to what he
said, and told Mr. Church [that] they loved him,
and were willing to go with him, cmd fight for him
as long as the English had one enemy left in the *
country.

Mr. Church assured them, that if they proved as
good as their word, they should find him theirs, and
their children's fast friend. And. (by the way) the
firiendship is maintained between them to this day. J

• See a history of this war in the Appendix, No. IV.

t The Narragansets. See first note to Philip's war.

1 1716. They consisted uow, probahly of no more than
500 persons. •

FHILIF8 WAR. «3

Tbeii he proposed uato them, that they should
choose five men to go strait with him to Plymouth.
They told him " No, they would not choose, but he
should take which five he pleased." Some compli-
laents passed about it, at leagth it was agreed, [that]
they should choose three, and he two. Then he
agreed that he would go back to the island that
night, and would come to them the next morning,
ai^ go through the woods to Plymouth. But they
afterwards objected, [for]^ his travelling through
the woods would not be safe for him ; [that] the
enemy might meet with th^m and kill him, and then
they should lose their firiend and the whole design
[would be] ruined beside. And therefore proposed
that he should come in an English "vessel, and they
would meet him, and come on bo^d at Soffkonate
pointy and sail from thence to Sandwich^ which in
fine was concluded upon.

So Mr. Church promising to come as soon as he
could possibly obtain a vessel, and then they parted.

He returned to the island and was at great pains
and charge to get a vessel ; but with unaccountable
disappointments, sometimes by the falseness, and
sometimes by the faintheartedness of men that he
bargained with, and something by wind and weather,
&e. : Until at length Mr. Anthony Low* put in to
the harbour with a loaded vessel bound to the
westward, uid being made acquainted with Mr*
Church's case, told him, that he had so nmch kind-
ness for him, and was so pleased with the business
be WBS engaged in, tfiat he would run the venture of
his Vessel and cmrgo to wait upon him.

Accordingly, next morning they set sail with a
wind that soon brought them to Sogkonate point.
But coming there they met with a contrary wind,
and a great swelling sea.

i[that]

■ ■ : » — '■ ' ■ ' " ■ * '.

* After much search I c^n ascertain nothing of this persQO.
The name is common in our country at this day.

^ PHILIPS WAR.

The indiahs were there waiting up<Hi the rodu, ,
but had nothing but a miserable broken canoe to
get aboard in ; yet Peter Awashonks ventured off in
it, and with a great deal of difficulty and dang^
got aboard. And by this time it began to rain mi
blow exceedingly, and forced them up the sound ;
and then [they] went away through Bristol ferry,
round the island to Newport, carrying Peter with
them.

Then Mr. Church dismissed Mr. Low, and toM
bim, that inasmuch as Providence opposed his gob^
by water, and he expected that the army would be
up in a few days, £md probably, if he should be g<me
"at that juncture, it might ruin the whole design ; [he]
Would therefore yield his voyage.

Then he writ the account of his trcmsactions with
the Indians, ;md drew up the pr(q>08alsy and articles
of peace, and despatched Peter with them to Ply-
mouth, that his honour the Governour, if he saw
cause, might sign them.

Peter was sent over to Sogkonate on Lord's day*
morning, with orders to take those men that were
chosen to go down, or some of them, at least, with
him; The time being expired that was appointed
for the English army to come, there was great look-
ing for them. Mr. Church, on the Monday morning*
(partly to divert himself after his iktignoj and partly
to listen for the m-my) rode out with his wtfe, and
some of his friends to P<»rtdm6uth,f under a pre«>
lence of cherrying ; but oame home without any
news &^M the army. But by midnigfatj or sooner,
he was roused witli an express from Major Bradibid/
who was arrived ijttith the army at Pocasset, to whom
kd forthwith repaired,! and informed him of' the
ii * if-. , ■■ ■■ ■ ^-. ■

♦July^.

t The island of Rhodeislandis divided into S towns ; New-
port in the souths Middktohrn, and Portsmouth in the north.

l^ILIP'S WAR. 86

n^ele of his proceedings with the Sogkonate In-
dians.

With the Major's consent and advice, he returned
ag^in.next morning to the island in order to go over
that way to Awashonks, to inform her that the armf
was arrived, &c.

Accordingly from Sachueeset neck* he went in a
canoe to Sogkonate. [He] told her that Major
Bradford was arrived at Pocasset with a great army,
whom he hadinfoimed of all the proceedings with
h^ ; that if she would be advised, and observe order,
she nor her people need not to fear being hurt by
them ; told her [that] she should call all her people
down into the neck, lest if they should be found
straggling about, mischief might light on them; that
on ihe morrow they would come down and receive
her and^ive her further orders, j

She promised to get as many pf her people to-
' get^r as possibly she could ; desiring Mr. Church
to consider that it would be difficult for to get them
together at such short warning.

Mr. Church returned to the island and to the army
the;^same night^

The next morningf the whole army marched to-
wards Sogkonate, as far as Punkatees, and Mr.
Church with a few men went down to Sogkonate to
call Awashonks and her people, to come up to the
Engli^ camp. As he was going down they met
wi& ^ Pocasset Indian, who had killed a cow, and
got a quarter of her on his back, and her toilgue in
his pocket. [He]^ gave them an account, that he
came from Pocasset two days since in company with
his mother, and several other Indians, now hid in a
swamp above Nonquid. j: Disarming of him, he sent
him by two men to Major Bradford, and proceeded

1 [who]

• (The southeast corner of Rhodeisland.)
t July 13. J (In Tiverton.)

86 PHILIP'S WAR.

to Sogkonate. They saw several Indians by the way
skulking about but let them pass.

Arriving at Awashonks camp, [he] told her [that]
he was come to invite her and her people up to Pun-
katees,* where Major Bradford now was with the
Plymouth army, expecting her and her subjects to
receive orders, until further order could be had from
the government. She complied, and soon sent out
orders for such of her subjects as were not with her,
immediately to come in. And by twelve o'clock of
next day, she with most of her number appeared
before the English camp at Punkatees. Mr. Church
tendered [himself to] the Major to serve under his
commission, provided the Indians might be accepted
with him, to fight the enemy. The Major told him,
[that] his orders were to improve him if he pleased,
but as for the Indians he would liot be copcemed
with them. And presently gave forth orders for
Awashonks, and all her subjects, both men, WQ||ien
and children, to repair to Sandwich ;f and to be
there upon peril, in six days. Awasfionks and her
chiefs gathered round Mr. Church, (where he was
walked off from the rest) [and] expressed themselves
concerned that they could not be confided in, nor
improved. He told them, [that] it was b^st to obey
orders, and that if he could not accompany them to i
Sandwich, it should not be above a week before he
would meet them there ; that he was confident the
Governour would commission him to improve them.

The Major hastened to send them away with Jack
Havens (an Indian who had never been in the wars)
in the front, with a flag of truce in his hand.

* (Adjoining Foglaod ferry.)

The geography of this place, with respect to extent and
situation, has been given on page 40, note 1.

t A townlietween Plymouth and Barn^ahle, on Cape Cod.
If the Major were arbitrary in giving this order, he was lib-
eral with the time, as the distance was not (ibove SO miles
by way of Plymouth, and perhaps no more than 30 through
the woods.

X f HILIFS WAE. 8T

l%ey bebig go&»9 Mr. Cburch by the help of hb
mail Tobj, (the Indian whom he had taken prisoner
as he was going down to Sogkonate) took said To*
by's Biother, and those that were with her, prisoners.

Next morning the whole army moved back to Po-
cBsset. Thisf Toby informed them that there were
a great many Indians gone down to Wepoiset* to
eat clams ; (other provisions being very scarce with
them) that Philip himself was expected within three
or four days at the sapie place. Being asked what
Indians they were 1 he answered, " Some Weeta-
nH»re's Indians; some Mounthope Indians; some
Narraganset Indians ; and some other upland In-
dians ; in all, about three hundred."

The Rhodeisland boats, by the Major's order,
meeting them at Pocasset, they were soon embarked*
It being just in the dusk of the evening, they could
plainly discover the enemies' fires at the place the
Indian directed to, and the army concluded no other,
but [that] they were bound directly thither, until
they came to the north end of the island and heard
the word of command for the boats to bear away.

Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable
opportunity of surprising that whole company of In-
dians embraced; but orders, it was said must be
obeyed, which were to go to Mounthope, and there
to fight Philip.

This with some other good opportunities of doing
spoil upon the enemy, being unhappily missed,f Mr*
Church obtained the Major's consent to meet the
Sogkonate Indiums, according to his promise. He was
offered a guard to Plymouth, but chose to go with
one man only, who was a good pilot.

About sunset,J he, with Sabin§ his pilot, mounted

* In Swanzey.

t The cause of this ill timed manoeuvre of th!e army must
remain a mystery. J July 20.

§ As this name does not occur any "where else in this histo-
ry, it is not probable that he served regularly in that capa-
city.

68 PHILIB'SWAR. s

their hohres at Rehoboth, where the army now was,
and by two hours by sun next morning, arrived safe
at Plymouth. And by that time they had refreshed
themselves, the Governour and Treasurer* came to
town. Mr. Church gave them a short account of the
affairs of the army, &c. His honour was pleased to
give him thanks for the good and great service he
had done at Sogkonate ; [and] told him, [that] he
had confirmed all that he had promised Awashonks,
and had sent the Indian back^ again that [had]
brought his letter.f He asked his honour whether
he had any thing later from Awashonks *? He told
him [that] he had not. Whereupon he gave his
honour an account of the Major's orders relating to
her and hers, and what discourse had passed jpro and
con^ about them ; and that he had promised to meet
them, and that he had encouraged them that he
thought he might obtain of his honour a commission
to lead them forth to fight Philip. His honour smi-
lingly told him, that he should not want commission
if he would accept it, nor yet good Englishmen
enough to make up a good army.

But in short he told his honour [that] the time had
expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogko-
nates at Sandwich. The Governour asked him
when he would go*? He told him, that afternoon by
his honour's leave. The (governour asked him how
many men he would have with him? He answered,
not above half a dozen; with an order to take more
^at Sandwich, if he saw cause, and horses provided.
He no sooner moved it, but had his number of men
tendering to go with him ; among [whom]^ were Mr.

1 [which]

♦ Mr. Southworth.

t This letter contained an answer to the account of his
meeting Awashonks, before related, which was sent from the
island by Peter.

Jal>62 Howis^d,^ and Nathaniel SoaihwoOh.f They
went to Sandwich that oigbt, where Mr. Church (with
need enough) took a naf> of sleep* The next mora-
ing) with about sixteen or eighteen men, he prooeed-
ed as far as Agawoin,{ where they had great expec-
tation of meeting the Indians, but met them not.
His men being diseouri^ed, about half of them re^
turned. Only half a dozen stack by him, and pro*
mised so to do until they should meet with the In-
iiwns.

When they came to Sippican^ river, Mr. How-
land began to tire, upon which Mr. Church left him
and two racM^e, for a reserve, at the river ; that if he
should meet with enemies, and be forced back, they
might be ready to assist them, in getting over the
river. Procee^ding in their march, they crossed
another river, and opened a great bay,|| where they
inight see many miles along shore, where were sandn
and flats ; and hearing a great noise below them, to-
wards the sea, they dismounted their horses ; left
them, and creeped among the bushes, until they
came near the bank, and saw a vast company of In-

* Little more than the pages of this history furnish, am I
able to communicate of the worthy Howland. More, but
for the fatal winds, or more fatal flames of Courtstreet might
have been told. He was a son of the venerable John How-
land of Carver's family, (whose name is the 13th to that
memorable instrument, or first foundation of government in
Newen^land, which may be seen in Appendix, HI, with the
other signers.) As I am informed by my worthy friend, Mr.
Isaac Howland of West port, who is also a descendant.

t This gentleman wa^ with Mr. Church in his first and
second expeditions to the eastward, as will be seen in those
expeditions. I learn nothing more of him.

J A small river in Rochester. Several places were known
by this name. Our Plymouth fathers proposed to go to a
place about twenty leagues to the northward, known to them
by the name of Agawam, (now Ipswich.) Morton^ 20,

§ (Hochester.)

II Buzzard's bay.

90 PHIUFS WAR.

dians, of all ages and sexes ; some on hoitseback
runniDg races; some at football ; some catching eels
and flat fish in the water ; some clamming, 6lc. ^
but, which way, with safety, to find out what Indians
they were, they were at a loss.

But at length, retiring into a thicket, Mr. Church
hallooed to tliem. They soon answered him, and a
couple of smart young fellows, well mounted, came
upon a full career to ^ee w horn it might be that call-
ed, and came just upon Mr. Church before they dis-
covered him. But when they perceived themselves
so near Englishmen, and armed, were much surpris-i
ed; and tacked short about to run as fast back as
tliey came forward, until one of the men m the bushes
called to them, and told them liis name was Church,
and [they] need not fear his hurting of them. Upon
which after a* sm^iU pause, they turned about their
norses, and came up to him. One of them that
eould speak English, Mr. Church took aside and ex-
amined ; who informed him, that the Indians below
were Awashonks and her company, and that Jack
Havens was among them ; whom Mr. Church imme-
diately sent for to come to him, and ordered the mes-
senger to inform Awashonks that he was come to
meet her. Jack Havens soon came, and by that
time Mr. Church had asked him a few questions, and
had been satisfied by him, that it was Awashonks
and her company that were below, and that Jack had
been kindly treated by them, a company of Indians
all mounted on horseback, and well armed, came
riding up to Mr. Church, but treated him with all
due respects. He then ordeVed Jack to go [and]
tell Awashonks,, that he designed to sup with her in
the evening, and to lodge in her camp that night.
Then taking some of the Indians with him, he went
back to the river to take care of Mr. Howland.

Mr. Church having a mind to try what mettle he
was made pf, imparted hin notion to the Indians that
were with him, and gave them directions how to nrt

PHlLirS WAR, 91

their parte. When he came pretty near the place,
he and his Englishmen pretendedly fled, firing on
their retreat towards the Indians that pursued thenif
and they firing as fast after them. Mr. Howland
being upon his guard, hearing the guns, and by and
by seeing the motion both of the English and In*
dians, concluded [that] his firiends were distressed,
and was soon on the full career on horseback to meet
them ; [when]' he [perceived]^ tlieir laughing, [and]
mistrusted the trutn.

As soon as Mr. Church had given him the news,
they hastened away to Awashonks. Upon their ar-
rival, they were immediately conducted to a shelter
open on one side whither Awashonks and her chiefs
soon came, and paid their respects ; and the multi-
tudes gave shouts as made the heavens to ring.

It being now about sunsetting, or near the dusk
of the evening, the Netops* came running from all
quarters loaden with the tops of dry pines, and the
hke combustible matter, making a huge pile there-
of, near Mr. Church's shelter, on the open side
thereof. But by this time supper was brought in?
in three dishes ; viz., a curious young bass in one
dish ; eels and flat fish in a second ; and shell fish
in a third. But neither bread nor salt to be seen at
table. But by that time supper was over, the mighty
pile of pine knots and tops, &c., was fired ; and all
the Indians, great and small, gathered in a ring
round it, Awashonks, with the oldest of her people,
men and women mixed, kneeling down, made the
first ring next the fire; and all the lusty stout men,
1 [until] 2 [perceiving]

■■ ■^■■■■111 I.IIIM. ■■■■■■■■-^I» I ■, ■■■ll.ll. ■— »■

* This name is used by our author, I suspect, in the same
sense as other writers use that of sannop. See Winthrop's
Journal, sub anno 1630, and Hubbard, Nar. SO, where it ap-
pears to bean Indian word employed by the sachems as a
common name for their men. The latter author spelt it
saAnap. Nipnet was a general name for all inbrd fp'^'n-n

» nrabiP's wi^]|.

upi made the oeKt, mid tken all the ra]bble
in a ccmfused cfew, surrounded, on the outside.

Then the chief Captain stepped in between the
ntgs and the fire, with a spear in one hand, and a
^tcl^t in the other ; danced round the fire, and be-
g^ to fight with it; making mention of all the seve-
lal nations and companies of Indians in the coun-
try, that were enemies to the English. And at
naming of every, particular tribe of Indiana, he would
draw out and fight a new firebrand ; and at finishing
hw fight with each particular firebrand, would bow
to him, ami thank him ; and when he had named all
the several nations and tribes, and fought them all,
he sUick down his spear and hatchet, and came out,
and another stept in, and acted over the same dance,
with more fiiry, if possible, than the first ; and when
about half a dozen of their chiefs had thus acted their
parts, the Captain of the guard stept up to Mr.
Church, and told him, [that] they were making sol-
diers fi>r him, and what they had been doing was ^11
one [as] swearing of them. And having in that
manner engaged all the stout lusty men, Av^shonks
and her chiefe came to Mr. Church, and told him,
that now they were all engaged to fight for the Eng-
lish, and [that] he might call forth all, or any of
them, at any time, as he saw occasion, to fight the
enemy. And [then] presented him with a very fine
firelock.

Mr. Church accepts their offer, drew^ut a num-
ber of them, and set out next morning before day
for Plymouth, where they arrived the same day.

The Governour being informed of it, came early
to town* next morning ;f and by that time, he had
Englishmen enough to make a good company, when
joined with Mr. Church's Indians, that offered their

* The Governour resided at Marshfield a few miles north
of Plymoutb.

t Jnly 23.

PHILIP'S WAR. 93

voluntary service, to go under his command in quest
of Jthe enemy. The Governour then gave him a
commission which is as follows.

" Captain Benjamin Church, you are hereby no-
minated, ordered, commissioned, and empowered to
raise a company of volunteers of about two hundred
men, English and Indians; the English not 'exceed-
ing the number of sixty, of which company, or so
many of them as you can obtain, or shall see cause at
present to improve, you are to take the command,
conduct, and to lead them forth now and hereafter,
at such time, and unto such places within this colony,
or elsewhere within the confederate colonies, as you
shall think fit ; to discover, pursue, fight, surprise,
destroy, or subdue our Indian enemies, or any part
or parties of them, that by the providence of God
ycm may meet with, or them, or any of them, by
treaty and composition to receive to mercy, if you see
reason, (provided they be not murderous rogues, or
such as have been principal actors in those villanies.)
And forasmuch as your company may be uncertain,
and the persons often changed, you are also here-
by empowered with the advice of your company, to
choose and commissionate a Lieutenant, and to es-
tablish Sergeants, and Corporals as you see cause.
And you herein improving your best judgment and
discretion, and utmost ability, faithfully to serve the
interest %f God, his Majesty's interest, and the inter-
est of the colony ; and carefully governing your said
company at home and abroad. These shall be unto
you full and ample commission, warrant and dis-
charge. Given under the publick seal, this 24th day
of July, 1676.

Per JOS. WINSLOW, Gavertumr:'

Receiving commission, he marched the same night
into the woods, got to Middleborough* before day ;

• About 15 miles from Plymouth. The fruitful waters in
this town and the plenty of game in its woods, caused it t6
be a principal resirtence for Indians. Mourt says (in Prince,

94 PHILIPS WAR.

and as socok as the ligkt appeared, took into tbe
woods and swampy thickets, towards a place where
they had some reason to expect to meet with a par*
eel of Narraganset Indians, with some others that
belonged to Mounthope. Coming near to where
they expected them, Captsun Church's Indian scout
discovered the enemy ; and well observing their fires,
and postures, returned with the intelligence to their
Ci^Hain; who gave such directions for the surround-
ing of them, as had the desired effect ; surprising
th^ from every side, so unexpectedly, that they
were all taken, not so much as one escaped*^

And upon a strict examination, they gave intelli-
gence of another parcel of the enemy, at a place
called Munponset pond.f Captain Church hastening
witii' his prisoners through the woods to Plymouth^

Chron. 191,) *' thousands of men have lived here, who died
of the »eat plague, about 3 years before our arrival." It
was subject to Massassoit, and was first visited by the Eng-
lish, 3 July, 1621. Mr. Edward Winslow, and Mr. Stephen
Hopkins passed through there, on their way to visit Massas^
soit. They saw the TOnes of many that died of the plague,
where their habitations had been. Ibid. Relicks of anti-
quity are often found to this day. A gentleman lately dig-
gine to set posts for a front yard, near the town house, discov-
ered an Inaian sepulchre. It contained a great quantity of
beads of different kinds, with many other curiosities. A
remnant of a tribe of Indians now lives on the northeast side
of the great Assawomset. They have mixed with the blacks,
and none remain of clear blood. The last that regained nm
mixed, was a man who died a few years since, at the age,
it was supposed, of 100 years. He went by the name of Cy-
mon. What is known of the troubles of the inhabitants in
this war is found scattered through Mr. Hubbard's Narra-
tive, in Bachus' Hist. Middleborough, and note 1, for page
51, of this work.

* We have to regret that our author does not tell us the
number which he took, and the place where he took them-
But his indefinite mode of writing, majr, in part, be account-
ed for, by the consideration, that it is ^ven after nearly forty
▼ears, mostly from recollection j especially this part of the
history.

t A small pond in the north part of the present town of
Halifax.

PHILIP'S WAE. 95

dli^sed of them all, excepting, only one, Jefimy,
who proving very ingenuous and faithful to him, ui
infonmng where other parcels of IncbuM barbowed.
Captain Church promised him, that if he continued
to be faithful to him, he should not be sold out of
the country, but should be his waiting man, to tdce
care of his h(»rse, &c. ; and accordingly he served
him faithfully as long as he lived.

But Captain Church was forthwith sent out again,
mA the terms for his encouragement being concludr
ed <m, viz., that the country should find them am-
OMmition and provision, and have half the prisoners
and arms [that] they took: The Captain and his
English soldiers to have the other half of the prison-
ers and arms; and the Imlian soldiers the loose
plunder. Poor encouragement ! But after some time
it was mended.

They soon captivated the Munponsets,* and
brought them in, not one escaping.

This stroke he held several weeks, never returning
onpty handed. When he wanted intelligence of
their kenneling places, he would march to some
place, likely to meet with some travellers or ramblers,
and scattering his company, would lie close ; and
seld<»n lay above a day or two, at most, before some
of them would fall into their hands ; wKom he would
compel to inform where their company were. And
80 by his method of secret and sudden ftuiprises,
took great numbers of them prisoners.

The government observing his extraordinary
courage and conduct, and the success from heavenf

* A small tribe of Indians that redded near Munponset
pond.

t Whether Heaven had any thing to do with making
daves of the Indians after they were made prisoners, may be
doubted by scepticks, on the same principles that everr feel*
ing man now doubts of the justness of our southern breth*
ren to make slaves of Negroes. But to the commendation ^i
our hero be it iq;K>keo, that his voice was always against en^

96 PfflLIP'S WAR.

added to it, saw cause to enlarge his commission ;
gave him power to raise and dismiss his forces, as he
should see occasion ; to commissionate officers un-
der him, and to march as far as he should see cause,
within the limits of the three united colonies ; to re-
ceive to mercy, give quarter, or not ; excepting some
particular and noted murderers, viz., Philip, and all
that were at the destroying of Mr. Clark's garrison,
and some few others.

Major Bradford being now at Taunton with his
army, and wanting provisions, some carts were or-
dered from Plymouth for their supply, and Captain
Church to guard them. .But he obtaining other
guards for the carts, as far as Middleborough, ran
before with a small company, hoping to n^eet with
some of the enemy ; appointing the carts and their
guards to meet with them at Nemascut,^ about an
hour after sun's rising, next morning.

He arrived there about the breaking of the day-
light, and discovered a company of the enemy ; but
his time was too short to wait for gaining advantage,
imd theref(M'e' ran right in upon them, surprised and
captivated about sixteen of them, who upon exami-
natioii, informed that Tispaquinf a very famous Cap-

slaving mankind. What greater proof can we have of his
humanity, considering the age in which he liv^d? See page
52^ and note 1.

* ^Near Raynham.)

That part of Middleborough along the river of that name.
This name like many others was written differently by the
early contemporary writers. It is eenerally spelt Namasket ;
but more properly Nemasket. Holmes, I, 211, from 1 Mass.
Hist. Coll. Ill, 148, says, it was that part of Middleborough,
which the English first planted. Hutchinson, I, 263, says,
tbat Philip sometimes resided here. See note i, on page J5.
Savage, in Winthrop, I, 55, says, " This name belonged to
part of the tract now included in Middleborough j but the
lines of Indian geography were probably not very precise, or
are forgotten."

t He was at the destroying of Mr. Clark's house at Ply^
mouth. After Tiis wife and child were tak^n by Captain
Chorch, he came and delivered him8<;lf up at Plymouth, as a

PHILIPS WAR. 97

iBin among the enemy was at Assawompeet^ with a
Bumerous company.

But the carts must now be guarded, and the op-
portunity of visiting Tispaquin must now be laid
aside ; the carts are to be faithfully guarded, lest
Tispaquin should attack them.

Coming towards Taunton, Captain Church taking
two men with him, made all speed to the town. And
coming to the river side, he hallooed, and inquiring
of them that came to the river, for Major Bradford
or his Captains. He was informed [that] they were
in the town, at the tavern. He told them of the
carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of
guarding them, which had already prevented his im-
proving opportunities of doing service ; prayed,
therefore, that a guard might be sent over to receive
the carts, that he might be at liberty — refusing all
invitations and persuasions to go over to the tavern
to visit the Major. He at length obtained a guard
to receive the carts, by whom also he sent his prison-
ers to be conveyed with the carts, to Plymouth ; di-
recting them not to return by the way they came,
but by Bridgewater.

prisoner of war ; but was afterward barbarously murdered by
the government for his confidence in them, as will be seen in
tbeprogress of this history.

To do justice in some degree, to the memory of the nu-
merous race of human beings, who have left this delightful
country to us, a biographical work should be written, contain-
ing as much of the lives and actions as can now be found, of
such of those natives, whose names have come down to us.
The author of these notes has taken some steps toward that
end, which would be freely contributed to assist an able hand
in the undertaking. Should no other attempt it, some years
to come may produce it from his pen.

* rin Midoleborough.)

Tnis word again occurs in the course of a few paragraphs
and is there fpelt right. It must have been inattention tnat
caused the difference in its orthographVj as well as in many
others. The country around the ponds bore the name of
Assawomset. See note 4, on page 27. In modern writers we
see it sometimes spelt as above.

m PHILIP'S WAR,

i. '

Hastening Wck, he proposed to camp that ni^ht
at Assawomset neck.* But as soon as they came
to the river that runs into the great pond,t through
the thick swamp at the entering of the neck, the
enemy fired upon them, but hurt not a man. Cap-
tain Church's Indians ran right into the swamp, and
fired upon them, but it being in the dusk of the eve-
ning, the enemy made their escape in the thickets.

The Captain then moving about a mile into the
neck, took the advantage of a ^ small valley to feed
his horses. Some held the horses by the bridles, the
rest on the ground, looked sharp out for the enemy,
[who were] within hearing on every side, and some
very near. But in the dead of the night the enemy
being out of hearing, or still. Captain Church moved
out of the neck (not the same vv^ay he came in, lest
he should be ambuscaded) towards Cushnet,t where
all the houses were burnt. And crossing Cushnet
river,§ being extremely fatigued with two nights'
and one day's ramble without rest or sleep. And ob-
serving good forage for their horses, the Captaia
concluded upon baiting, and taking a nap. Setting
six men to watch the passage of the river; two to

* A short distance below or to the south of Sampson's Tav-
ern. The " thick swamp," next mentioned, remains to this
time.

t The Assawomset.

± (In Dartmouth.)

Newhedford has been since taken from Dartmouth. The
part where Newhedford now is was meant.

§ The river on which Newhedford stands is called Cush-
net. Dr. Douglass wrote this word Accushnot. Summary,
I, 403. And I think, that if we write Aponaganset, wfi
should also write Accushnot, or rather Acushnet. But he
wrote Polyeanset. Ibid. See note 2, on page 51, of this
history. The most ancient way of writing those names, in
general, is to be preferred ; for it is the most direct road to
uniformity, and consistency. Two very desirable and agree-
able attendants to be met with in language ; yet, the writer
of these notes is very sensible of his failures in these as well
as other respects.

PHILIP'S WAR. 9f

watch at a time, while the others slept, and so to
take their turns, while the rest of the company went
into a thicket to sleep under a guard of two senti-
nels more. But the whole company being very
drowsy, soon forgot their danger, and were fast
asleep, sentinels and all. The Captain first awakes,
looks up, and judges he had slept four hours ; which
being longer than he designed, immediately rouses
his company, and sends away a file to see what was
become of the watch, at the passage of the river ;
but they no sooner opened the river in sight, but
they discovered a company of the enemy viewing of
their tracks, where they came into the neck. Cap-
tain Church, and those with him, soon dispersed
into the brush, on each side of the way, while the file
sent, got undiscovered to the passage of the river,
and found their watch all fast asleep. But these
tidings thoroughly awakened the whole company.

But the enemy giving them no present disturbance,
they examined their [knapsacks,]^ and taking a
little refreshment, the Captain ordered one party to
guard the horses, and the other to scout, who soon
met with a track, and following of it, they were
brought to a small company of Indiims, who proved
to he Littleeyes,* and family, and near relations,
who were of Sogkonate, but had forsaken their
countrymen, upon their making peace with the Eng-
lish. Some of Captain Church's Indians asked him,
if he did not know this fellow '? [and] told him,
" This is the rogue that would have killed you at
Awashonks' dance." And signified to him, that now
he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But
the Captain told them, [that] it was not English-
men's fashion to seek revenge ; and that he should
have the quarter the rest had.

Moving to the river side, they found an old caHoe,

1 [snapsacks]

.'SeepageSS. ^330^^5

100 PHILIP'S WAR.

with which the Captain ordered Littleeyes aiwl his
company to be carried over to an island,* telling
him, [that] he would leave him on that island untu
he returned. And lest the English should light on
them, and kill them, he would leave his cousin Light-
I'ootf (whom the English knew to be their friend) to
be his guard. Littleeyes expressed himself very
thankful to the Captain.

He leaving his orders with Lightfoot, returns to
the rivi3r side, towards Ponaganset, to Russel's orch-
ard.f [On] coming near the orchard they clapped
into a thicket, and there lodged the rest of the night
without any fire. And upon the morning light's ap-
pearing, moved towards the orchard, [and] discover-
ed some of the enemy, who had been there the day
before, and had beat down all the apples, and carri-
ed them away; discovered also where they had
lodged that night, and saw the ground, where they
set their baskets, [was] bloody ; being, as they sup-
posed, and as it was afterwards discdvered, [ — ]*
with the flesh of swine, <fcc., which they had killed
that day. They had lain under the fences without
any fires, and seemed by the marks [which] they left
behind them, to be very numerous ; perceived also
by the dew on the grass, that they had not been
long gone, and therefore, moved apace in pursuit of
them.

Travelling three miles or more, they came into the
country road where the tracks parted. One parcel

1 [to be]

* What, I suspect, is now called Pabner's island. There
are others further out, which from their distance, it is thought
unlikely that they went down so far.

t Cousin to Littleeyes. He was a valuable and faithful
servant to Church, and is notorious for his exploits in the
eastern wars.

t This orchard stood just in rear of the old garrison before
mentioned. See note 2, on page 50. The remains of which
were to be seen within the age of some recently living.

PHILIP'S WAR. 101

steered towards the west end of the great cedar
swamp, and the other to the east end. The Captain
halted, and told his Indian soldiers, that they had
heard, as well as he, what some men had said at
Plymouth, about them, &c. ; that now was a good
opportunity for each party to prove themselves.
The track being divided, they should follow one and
the English the other, being equal in number. The
Indians declined the motion, and were not willing to
move any where without him; said, [that] they
should hot think themselves safe without him* But
the Captain insisting upon it, they submitted. He
gave the Indians their choice, to follow which track
they pleased. They replied, that they were light
and able to travel, therefore, if he pleased, they
would take the west track. And appointing the
ruins of John Cook's house at Cushnet, for the place
to 0ieet at, each company set out briskly to try their
fortunes.

Captain Church, with his English soldiers, follow-
ed their track until they came near entering a miry
swamp, when the Captain heard a whistle in the
rear ; (which was a note for a halt) looking behind
him, he saw William Fobes* start out of the cotu-
pany, and made towards him, who hastened to meet
him as fast as he could. Fobes told him [that] they
had discovered abundance of Indians, and if he
pleased to go a few steps back, he might see them
himself. He did so, and saw them across the swamp;
observing them, he perceived [that] they were gath-
ering whortleberries, and they had no apprehensions
of their being so near them. The Captain supposed
them to be cniefly women, and therefore calling one
Mr. Dillano, who was acquainted with the ground,
and the Indian language, and another named Mr.

•Perhaps Forbes would have been the proper way of spel-
ling this name. He went commissary with Church in his
third eastern expedition.

l(B PHILIP'S WAE.

Bams.^ With these two men he takes right through
the swamp, as fast as he could, and orders the rest
to hasten after them.

Captain Church with Dillano and Barns, having
good horses, spurred on and were soon amongst the
thickest of the Indians, and out of sight of their own
m«n. Among the enemy was an Indian woman,
who with her husband had been driven off from
Rhodeisland, notwithstanding they had a house upon
Mr. Sanford's land, and had planted an orchard
before the war; yet the inhabitants would not be
satisfied, till they were sent off. Captain Church
with his family, living then at the said Sanford's,
came acquainted with them, who thought it very
hard to turn off such old quiet people. But in the
end it proved a providence, and an advantage to him
and his family, as you may see afterwards.

This Indian woman knew Captain Church, and as
soon as she knew him, held up both her hands, and
came running towards them, crying aloud, " Church !
Church ! Church !" Captain Church bid her stop the
rest of the Indians, and tell them, [that] the way
to save their lives, was, not to run, but yield them-
selves prisoners, and he would not kill them." So
with her help, and Dillano's, who could call to them
in their own language, many of them stopped and
surrendered themselves, otliers scampering and cast-
ing away their baskets, &c., betook themselves to
the thickets ; but Captain Church being on horse-
back, soon came up with them, and laid hold of a
Sm that was in the hand of one of the foremost of
e company, pulled it from him, and told him ho
must go back. And when he had turned them, he
began to look about him to see where he was, and
what was become of his company; hoping they

1 [and]

* Of this person as well as Dillano and Fobes, after consid-
erable pains and search, I can tell nothing. The names are
common in the old colony.

PHILIFS WAR. 103

might be all as well employed as himself. But he
could find none but Dillano, who was very busy
gathering up prisoners. The Captain drove his that
he had stopped, to the rest ; inquiring of DtUano
for their company, but could have no news of them ;
[rmd]* moving back,picked up now and then a sculk-
ing prisoner by the way.

When they came near the place where they first
started the Indians, they discovered their company
standing in a body together, and had taken some few
prisoners ; when they saw their Captain, they hasten-
ed to meet him. They told him [that] they found
it difficult getting through the swamp, and neither
seeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded

(that] the enemy had killed him, and were at a great
OSS what to do.

Having brought their prisoners together, they
found [that] they had taken and killed sixty-six of
the enemy. Captain Church then asked tlie old
squaw, what company they belonged unto 9 She said,
[that] they belonged part to Philip, and part to Qun-
nappm* and the Narraganset sachem ;{ discovered

1 [but]

♦An old Queen among; the Narraganset?, says Hutch. 1, 263.
Trum. I, 347, says that Magnus an old Narraganset Queen
was kflled 3 July. It is possible that both names meant the
same person. She signea the treaty in June, of which men-
tion has been made. In Hutchinson, the name is spelt
Quaiapen, and in Hubbard, Quenoquin, and by a writer in
N. H. Hist. Col. Ill, 108, Quannopin. But these names
may not all mean the same person, as the author last cited,
says, that Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of the minister of Lancas-
ter, when taken was sold to Quannopin whose wife was a
sister to Philip's wife. The same writer observes, on page
141, that one of Quannopin 's wives' names was Wittimore.
She could not be the same that was drowned near Swanzey,
for that was before Mrs. R. was taken. See note 2,. on
page 27.

t Who is meant by this Narraganset sachem, it is difficult
to determine. There were six that subscribed the treaty in
June. Canonchet, who was noted for his enmity to the Eng-

IM PHILIPS WAR,

aluo upon her declaration, that b6th Philip and
najHn were about two miles off, in the great c^daf
awamp. He inquired of her what company they
had with them. She answered, " Abundance of In*
dians." The swamp, she said, was fuU of Indian^
from one end unto the other, that were settled there ^
[and] that there were near an hundred men, [who]
came from the swamp with them, and left them upon
that plain to gather whortleberries, and promised to
call them as they came back out of Sconticut necky*
whither they went to kill cattle and horses for pro-
visions for the company.

She perceiving Captain Church move towards the
neck, told him, [that] if they went that way they
would be killed. He asked her where about they
crossed the river 9 She pointed to the upper passing

f)lace. Upon which Captain Church passed over so
ow down, as he thought it not probable [that] they
should meet with his track in their return, and has-
tened towards the island, where he left Littleeyes
with Lightfoot. Finding a convenient place by thel
river side for securing his prisoners, Captain Church
and Mr. Dillano went down to see what was become
of Captain Lightfoot, and the prisoners left in his
charge.

Lightfoot seeing and knowing them, soon came
over with his broken canoe, and informed them, that

lish, but it could not be he, because he wad taken by the
Connecticut volunteers the first we6k in April, 1676, accord-
ing to Hubbard, 158, and it was now July ; Canonicus, who
was killed by the Mohawks in' June ; Mattatoag, of who«
we hear nothing ; Ninigret, who did not join with the rest
in the war ; and Pumham, who was killed in the woods near
Dedham, about the last week in July, as before observed,
and who it is possible this might be. He must have been a
very old man, as I presume he is the same who sold land to
Mr. Samuel Gorton about 1643, and became dissatisfied and
complained of him to the court. See Savage's Winthrop,
II, 120.

* The point of land opposite Newbedford where the village
of Fairhaven now is.

PHILIP'S WAR. 105

he had seen that day about one hundred men of the
enemy go down into Sconticut neck, and that they
were now returning again. Upon which they three
ran down immediately to a meadow where Lightfoot
said {^that] the Indians had passed, where they not
only saw their tracks, but also them. Whereupon
they lay close, until the enemy came into the said
meadow, and the foremost set down his load, and
halted until all tlie company came up, and then took
up their loads and marched again the same way that
they came down into the neck, which was the near-
est way unto their camp. Had they gone the other
way, along the river, they could not have missed
Captain Church's track, which would doubtless have
exposed them to the loss of their prisoners, if not of
their lives.

But as soon as the coast was clear of them, the
Captain sends his Lightfoot to fetch his prisoners
from the island, while he and Mr. Dillano returned
to the company ; sent part of them to conduct Light-
foot and his company to the aforesaid meadow, where
Captain Church and his company met them. Cross-
ing the enemy's track, they made all haste until they
got over Mattapoiset river,* near about four miles
beyond the ruins of Cook's house, where he appoint-
ed to meet his Indian company, whither he sent Dil-
lano with two more to meet them; ordering them
that if the Indians were not arrived to wait for them.
Accordingly, finding no Indians there, they waited
until late in the night, when they arrived with their
booty. They despatched a post to their Captain, to
give him an account of their success, but the day
broke before they came to him. And when they
had compared successes, they very remarkably found
that the number tliat each company had taken and

* (In Rochester.)

Quite a small stream, to the east of which is the village of
this name^ though now usually pronounced Mattapois. See
note 2, on page 32,

106 fHILIP'S WAR.

jBlain was equal. The Indians had killed three of
the enemy, and taken sixty-three prisoners, as the
English had done before them.

Both the English and Indians were surprised at
this remarkable providence, and were both parties
rejoicing at it ; being both before afraid of what
might have been the unequal success of the parties.
But the Indians had the fortune to take more armi
than the English.

They told the Captain, that they had missed a
brave opportunity by parting ; [that] they came upon
a great town of the enemy, viz.. Captain Tyasks'*
company ; (Tyasks was the next man to Philip) that
they fired upon the enemy before they were discover-
ed, and ran upon them with a shout ; [and j, the men
ran and left their wives and children, arid inany of
them their guns. They took Tyasks' wife and son,
and thought, that if their Captain and the English
company had been with them, they might have taken
some hundreds of them; and now they determined
not to part any more.

That night, Philip ^ient (as afterwards they found
out) a great army to waylay Captain Church at the
entering on of Assawomset neck, expecting [that] he
would have returned the same way [that] he went in ;
but that was never his method to return the same way
that he came ; and at this time going another way,
he escaped falling into the hands of* his enemies.
The next day they went home by Scipican,f and got
well with their prisoners to Plymouth.

* In another place, Annawon is called the next man to
Philip, or his chief Captain. Hubbard spelt his name
Tiasna, and informs us that he surrendered himself to the
Rnglish in June : but this could not be the case, as it was
now near the end of July, if the Indians knew the company
to be Tyasks'. Though nothii^ is said in the text that we
might be positive that Tyasks was there, yet Hubbard say?
that his " wife and child" were taken first. Nar. 380.

t A small river in Rochester. Near its mouth is the little
yiUage of Scipican, 4 miles to the eastward of Mattapoiset.

PHIUP'S WAR. lOT

He soon went out again, and this strc&e he drove
many weeks. And when he took any number of
prisoners, he would pick out some that he took a
£uLcy to, and would tell them, [that] he took a par-
ticular fancy to them, and had chosen them for him-
self to Dfiake soldiers of; and if any would behave
themselves well, he would do well by them, and they
^ould be his men, and not sold out of the country.
If he perceived [that] they looked surly, and his In-
dian soldiers called them treacherous dogs, as some
of them would sometimes do, all the notice he would
take of it, would only be to clap them on the back,
wmI tell them, " Come, come, you look wild and surly,
and mutter, but that signifies nothing ; these my best
soldiers, were, a little while ago, as wild and surly
as you are now ; by that time you have been but one
. day along with me, you will love me too, and be as
brisk as any of them." And it proved so; for there
was none of them, but (after they had been a little
while with him, and seen his behaviour, and how
cheerful and successful his men were) would be as
ready to pilot him to any place where the Indians
dwelt or haunted, (though their own fathers, or near-
est relations should be among them) or to fight for
bim, as any of his own men.

Captain Church was, in two particulars, much ad-
vantaged by the great English army* that was now

♦ 1 cannot learn as this " great army" was in much active
service about this time. But the Connecticut soldiers were
very active. A party under Capt. Denison took prisoner
Canonchet, or Kanunttenoo, as he was last called, "the
chief sachem of all the Narragansets," who had comedown
from the Nipmuck country to get seed corn to plant the de-
serted settlements on Connecticut river. Canonchet was
near Pautucket river with a company of his men, and while
secure in his tent, and was relating over his exploits asainst
the English, Denison came upon him. He fled with aU
haste, but as he was crossing the river, a misstep brought
his gun under water, and retarded his progress. One Mo-
nopoide, a Pequot, being swift of foot, first came up witl^
him. He made ^ resistance, though he was a man of gr««t

»8 PHILIP'S WAR.

abroad. Oie was, that they drove the enemy down
to that part of the country, viz., to the eastward of
Taunton river, by which his business was nearer
home. The other was, that when he fell on with a
push upon any body of the enemy, (were they never
so many) they fled, expecting the great army. And
his manner of marching through the woods was
such, [that]^ if he were discovered, they appeared
to be more than they were ; for he always marched
at a wide distance one from another, partly for their
safety : And this was an Indian custom to march
thin and scattered.

Captain Church inquired of some of the Indians
that were become his soldiers, how they got such
advantage, often, of the English in their marches
through the woods'? They told him, that the In-

1 [as]

strength. A young Englishman next came up, and asked
him some questions, but he would make no answer. At
length, casting a look of neglect on his youthful face, said, in
broken English, " You too much child ; no understand mat-
ters of war — Let your Captain come ; him I will answer."
He would not accept of his life when offered him ; and when
told that he was to die, said, " He liked it well ; that he
should die before his heart was soft, or he had spoken any
thing unworthy of himself," He was afterward shot at Sto-
nin^on. And by autumn, this with other volunteer com-
panies killed and took 230 of the enemy, and 50 muskets ;
these exploits were continued until the Narragansets were
all driven out of the country, except Ninigret. Trumbull,
I, 343 to 345. The regular soldiers under Major Talcot
marched into the Nipmuck's country, where at one time they
killed and took 52 of the enemy. Tnis was in the beginning
of June. On 12 June they came upon about 700 In-
dians, who were furiously besieging Hadi^y, whom they im-
mediately dispersed. On their return to the Narraganset
country they came upon the main body of the enemy near a
large cedar swamp, who mostly fled into it. But being sur-
rounded, 171 were killed and taken. Among them was
Magnus, the old Queen of Narraganset. Near Providence
they made prisoners, and killed 67 ; and soon after 60 more
on their return to Connecticut. Holmes^ I, 431 to 433. See
note 1, on page 103.

MHLIPS WAR. lOCf

dians gained great advantage of the English by two
things ; [they]^ always took care in their mcu'ches
and fights, not to come too thick together; but the
English always kept in a heap together ; [so] that it
was as easy to hit them, as to hit a house. The other
was, that if at any time they discovered a company
of English soldiers in the woods, they knew that
there were all, for the English never scattered, but
the Indians always divided and scattered.

Captain Church [being] now at Plymouth, some-
thing or other happened that kept him at home a
few days, until a post came to Marshfield on the
Lord's^ day morning, informing the Governour, that
a great army of Indians were discovered, who it was
supposed were designing to get over the river to-
wards Taunton or Bridgewater,f to attack those
towns that lay on that side [of] the river. The Go-
vernour hastened to Plymouth, raised what men he
could by the way, came to Plymouth in the begin-
ning of the forenoon exercise*, sent for Captain
Church out of the meeting house, gave him the
news, and desired him immediately to rally what of
his company he could, and what men he had raised
should join them.

The Captain bestirs himself, but found no bread
in the store house, and so was forced to run from
house to house to get household bread for their
march. But this nor any thing else prevented his
marching by the beginning of the afternoon exercise.
Marching with what meAj were ready, he took with
him the post that came from Bridgewater to pilot
him to the place where he thought he might meet

with the enemy.

1 [the Indians]

* Jaly 30, 1676.

t This word in the text was given unifonnly without the
first e.

} He had " about 30 Englishmen and 20 reconciled In-
diaas,'' Hubbard, Nar. 223.

no PHILIPS WAR.

In the evening they heard a smart firing at a dis-
tonce from them, but it being near night, and the
firmg but of short continuance, they missed the
place, and went into Bridgewater town. It seems
[that] the occasion of the firing was, that Philip,
finding that Captain Church made that side of the
country too hot for him, designed to return to the
other side of the country that he came last from.
And coming to Taunton river with his company,
they felled a great tree across the river, for a bridge
to pass over on. And just as Philip's old uncle,
Akkompoin,* and some other of his chiefs were pass-
ing oyer the tree, some brisk Bridgewater lads had
<unbushed them, fired upon them, and killed the old
men, and several others, which put a stop to their
coming over the river tliat night.f

Next morning, Captain Church moved very early
with his company, which was increased by many of
Bridgewater, that enlisted under him for that expe-
dition ; and by their piloting, soon came very still
to the top of the great tree, which the enemy had
fallen across the river, and the Captain spied an In-
dian sitting on the stump of it on the other side of
the river, and he clapped his gun up, and had doubt-
less despatched him, but that one of his own Indians
called hastily .to him, not to fire, for he believed it
was one of their own men. Upon which the Indian
upon the stump, looked about, and Captain Church's
Xndian seeing his face, perceived his mistake, for he
knew him to be Philip ; clapped up his gun and
fired, but it was too late ; for Philip immediately
threw himself off the stuuip, leaped down a bank on
the other side of the river and made his esc ape. J

* This might be a brother of Massassoit, but we hear of
none but Quadequinah.

t Hubbard places t\ie date of this action on the SI ; hnt
according to our author it was on Sunday, and Sunday was
the 30.

i He had not long before cut off his hair tbat he might iy>t
be known. Hubbard.

PHILIPS WAR. Ill

Captain CSiurch, ad soon as possible got over the
river, and scattered in quest of Philip and his com-
pany ; but the enemy scattered and fled every way.
[ — ^ ^ He picked up a considerable many of their
women and children, among which were Philip's
wife and son ; [the son] ^ about nine years old.
Discovering a considerable new track along the river,
and examining the prisoners, found [that] it was
Qunnapin and the Narragansets, that were drawing
off from those parts towards the Narraganset coun-
try. He inquired of the prisoners, whether Philip
was gone in the same track ? They told him that
they did not know; for he fled in a great fright when
the first English gun was fired, and [that] they had
none of them seen or heard any thing of him since.

Captain Church left part of his company^ there to
secure tlie prisoners [which] they got, and to pick
up what more they could find, anid with the rest of
his company hastened in the track of the enemy to
overtake them, if it might be before they got over the
river ; and ran some miles along the river, until he
came to a place where the Indians had waded over ;
and he with his company waded over after them, up
to the armpits^ being almost as wet before with
sweat as the river could raalie them. Following
about a mile further, and not overtaking them, and
tlie Captain being under [a] necessity to return that
night to the army, came to a halt ; told his company,
[that] he must return to his other men. His Indian
soldiers moved for leave to pursue the enemy,
(though he returned) ; [they] said [that] the Narra-
gansets were great rogues, and [that] they wanted
to be revenged on them for killing some of their
relations ; named Tockamona, (Awashonks' brother)
and some others. Captain Church bade them go and
prosper, and made Lightfbot their chief, and gave
him the title of Captain. Bid them go and quit
themselves like men. And away they scampered like
so many horses.

ifbut] 2£on

112 PHILIPS WAB.

Next morning* early they returned to their Cap-
tain, and informed him that they had come up with
the enemy, and killed several of thena, and brought
him thirteen of them prisoners. [They] were mighty
proud of their exploit, and rejoiced much at the op-
portunity of avenging themselves. f Captain Church
sent the prisoners to Bridgewater, and sent out his
scouts to see what enemies or tracks they couid
[find.] Discovering some small tracks, he followed
them, found where the enemy had kindled some fires,
and roasted some flesh, &c., but had put out their
fires and were gone.

The Captain followed them by the track, putting
his Indians in the front ; some of Which were such
as he had newly taken from the enemy, and added
to his company. [He] gave them orders to march
softly, and upon hearing a whistle in the rear, to sit
down, till further order ; or, upon discovery of any
of the enemy, to stop; for his design was, if he
could discover where the enemy were, not to fell
upon them (unless necessitated to it) until next morn-
ing. The Indians in the front came up with many
women and children, and others that were faint and
tired, and so not able to keep up with the company.
These gave them an account, that Philip with a
great number of the enemy, was a little before.

Captain Church's Indians told the others, [that]
they were their prisoners, but if they would submit
to order, and be still, no one should hurt them.
They being their old acquaintance, were easily per-
suaded to conform. A little before sunset there '
was a halt in the front, until the Captain came up.
They told him [that] they discovered the enemy.
He ordered them to dog them, and watch their mo-
tion till it was dark. But Philip soon came to a
stop, and fell to breaking and chopping wood, to

* August Ist.

t Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of this exploit.

PHILIP'S WAR. lis

make fires; and a great noise they made. Captain
Church draws his company up in a ring, and sat
down in the swamp without any noise or fire.

The Indian prisoners were much surprised to see
the English soldiers; but the Captain told them,
[that] if they would be quiet, and not make any dis-
turbance or noise, they should meet with civil treat-
ment ; but if they made any disturbance, or oifered
to run, or make their escape, he would immediately
kill them all ; so they were very submissive and ob-
sequious.

When the day broke, Captain Church told his pri-
soners, that his expedition was such, at [that]^ time,
that he could not afford them any guard ; told them,
[that] they would find it to be [to] their interest,
to attend the orders he was now about to give
them ; which were, that when the fight w^s over,
which they now expected, or as soon as the firing
ceased, they must follow the track of his company,
and come to them. (An Indian is next to a blood
hound to follow a track.) He said to them, it
would be in vain for them to think of disobedience,
or to gain any thing by it ; for he had taken and kill-
ed a great many of the Indian rebels, and should, in
a httle time kill and take all the rest, &c.

By this time it began to be [as]^ light as the tim^
that he usually chose to make his onset. He moved,
sending two soldiers before, to try, if they could
privately discover the enemy's postures. But ver^
unhappily it fell out, that [at] the very same time,
Philip had sent two of his [men] as a scout upon his
own track, to see if n^ne dogged [him.]^ [They]^
spied the two Indian men, [ — Y turned short about,
and fled with all speed to their camp, and Captain
Church pursued as fast as he could. The two In-
dians set a yelling and howling, and made the most
hideous noise they could invent, soon gave the alarm
to Philip and his camp, who all fled at the first tid-

. 1 [this] 2 [so] 3 [them] 4 [who] 5 faad]

ID*

114 PHILIP'S WAR.

ings; left their kettles boiling, and meat romim^
upon their wooden spits, and ran into a swamp,^'
with no other breakfast, than what Captain Church
afterwards treated them with.

Captain Church pursuing, sent Mr. Isaac How-
landf with a party on one side of the swamp,while
himself with the rest, ran on the other side, agreeing
to run on each side, until they met on the further
end. Placing some men in secure stands at that end
of the swamp where Philip entered, concluding that
if they headed him, and beat him back, that he
would take back in his own track. Captain Church
and Mr. Howland soon met at the further end of the
swamp, (it not being a great one) where they met
with a great number of the enemy, well armed, com-
ing out of the swamp. But on sight of the English,
tliey seemed very much surprised and tacked short.
Captain Church called hastily to them, and said,

fthat] if they fired one gun they were all dead men ;
or he would have them to know that he had them
hemmed in with a force sufficient to command them ;
but if they peaceably surrendered, they should have
good quarter,! ^^' They seeing the Indians and
English come so thick upon them, were so surprised,
that many of them stood still and let the English
come and take the guns out of their hands, when
they were both charged and cocked.

Many, both men, women and children of the ene-
my, were imprisoned at this time 5 while Philip^

■■ ■ I ■■ ■ ■ ■■ II ■■ ■ ^ ■-■■ — ■ — ^ ■ II ■ — - ■■ .1 ■■■■■- I I 1.1 III.. ■ I ■ M ,.1 ■ — ^,

* This swamp was on the west ^ide of Taunton river, in
Mattapoiset neck in Swan^tev.

t A brother to Jabez Howland before menttoncdj and sob
of the first John Howland. whose name lives amoi)g the cele-
brated FORTY ONE. See note 1, page 89.

t We may conclude that Mr. Hubbard is more correct in
his account of this affair than our author ; he sayB, that one
of Church's Indians, called to. them in their own language,
&c., which from the circumstance that Mr. Church could not
speak Indian, is creditable. Nar. 223.

PHILIPS WAR. -^. U&

ISspaquin, Totoson,^ &c., concluded th&t the E^g*
lish would pursue them upon their trackiiw so were
waylaying [them]^ at the first en4|Of the swamp;
hoping thereby to gain a shot upon Captain Church,
who was now better employed in taking prisoners,
and running them into a valley, in form .something
[ — Y like a punch bowl ; and appointing a guard
of two files, treble armed with guns taken from the
enemy.

But Philip having waited all this while in vain,
now moves on after the rest of his company to see
what was become of them. And by this time Cap-
tain Church had got into the swamp ready to meet
him, and as it happened made the first discovery,
clapped behind a tree, until Philip's company came
pretty near, and then fired upon them ; killed many
of them, and a close skirmish followed. Upon this
PhiHp having grounds sufficient to suspect the event
of his company that went before them, fled back
upon his own track ; and coming to the place where
the ambush lay, they fired on each other, and one
Lucas of Plymouth, not being so careful as he might
have been about his stand, was killed by the Indians.

In this swamp skirmish Captain Church, with his
two men who always ran by his side, as his guard,
met with three of the enemy, two of which surren-
dered themselves, and the Captain's guard seized
them, but the other, being a great, stout, surly fellow,

1 [their tracks] 2 [ghaped]

III

• A son of the noted Sam Barrow. Totoson, as will ]>re-
sently be seen, died of grief for the destruction of his family,
and loss of his country. He was one of the six Narraganset
sachems that subscribed the treaty in July, 1675. His prin-
cipal place of resort was in Rochester, on the left of the main
road as you pass from the village of Rochester to Mattapoi-
8et, and about two miles from the latter! It was a piece of
hi^ ground in a large swamp,connected to the high land by
a narrow neck, over which, all had to pass to visit him. The
road passes near where this neck joins the high ground.
MS. Recollections,

lie ?««.»»« WAIL

with his twb locks tied up with red, and a great rttt^-
• tiesitake's skin haiiging to th^ back ptsrt of his head,,
fwho Captain Church concluded to bie Totoson) ran
trom them into the swamp. Captain Chinrch in per-
son pursued him close, till eoim^ pretty near upr
with him, presented his gun i>etweeii his shouidors,
but it missing fire, the Indiah perceiving it, turned
and presented at Captain Church, [but his gun}^
missing fire also ; (their guns taking wet with tiH»
fog and dew of the morning) [andp the Indian turn-
ing short for another rtnfi, his fool tripped in u snasdl
grape ^ine, and he fell flat ^n his &ce. Captain
Church was bj this time up With him, and struck the
muzde of his gun, an inch luid a half, into the l^^
part of his head, which despatched him wit^^ t*<»*
another blow.* But Captain Church looking beutt* |
him, saw Totoson, *' ''ndian whom he thought i .
had killed, <K>iv\e fiy^^^g at him like .Hragon ; bat
this happen^ i,,^v. fair a sight oi thrpruard that
were set to keep the prisoners, who, spying Totoson
^ and others that were following |iim, in the very sea--
» sonable junctute made a she; upon them, and rescu-
ed their Cf.p^in ; though he v.<f s m no small danger
from his fiftii. N^ullets; for soipe oft them came so
near him that hef thought he felt ^he wind of then^
The skirmish being "over, they leathered their pri*
soners together, and found the nu;, ^r that they bad
killed and taken, was one hundre#%hd seventy three,
(the prisoners which they took over night included)
who after the skirmish, came to them, as they were
ordered.f
Now having no i visions but what they took from
1 [and] 8 [htki]

' ' ■* -----■' * ■ n

* It cannot, now, be ascertained who this Indian Ws^riotllr
was, but his bravery was not uneaual, perhaps, to diud-
berle'ss cwiUzed warriours whose inaivtdnal fame hml fiU«d
far bulkier books than this. »

t These e3cploit8 todk up ti\o days, namely tlie % and 9
August.. **

PHILIP»S WAR. 117

the enemy, they hastened to Bridgewater, sending
an express before to provide for them, their company
being now very nun>erous.*

The gentlemen of Bridgewater met Captain Church
with great expressions of honour and thanks, and re-
ceived him and his army with all due respect and
kind treatment.

Captain Church drove his prisoners (that night)
into Bridgewater pound, and set his Indian soldiers
to guard>them. They being well treated with victu-
als and^fcink,' they had a merry night, and the pri-
soners laughed as loud as the soldiers ; not being
so treated [for] a long time before.

'^me of tlie Indians now said to Captain Church,
-•'^'Vyou have now made Philip ready to die, for
-'*^-nave made him as poor and miserable as he used
Jknske the English ; for yol. -^U^ ve now killed or
taken all [o?j^us relatiou^; tlSttt tho- believed he
would no^ %oon have-hi^*' iiead, ^..^ .at this bout
had almcrifil broken his Hi^^i'f."

The next dayf Cajitain Church moved, and arriv-
ed with '^11 his pri^orv^s safe at Plymouth. The
great *\';"''V ^-'V, o. ::,.r-- ,^ -;. nd Major

Talc^^j^^^ «J^^ i!!L2^^ ' - ''' ^^^^^

parts* ? J. f ^^I^^aui considerable spoil upon the
*'„^, and died r,..- -,

enej^ , 1/. ;/

• Church had bu^ . i^ut SO Englishmen and 20 reconciled
Indians, says Hubbard, 223, as before noted ; and that he
took about 153 prisoners. It is probable that he is a little
out of the way in the former, as well as the latter part of the
statement.

t August 14. /Oir

i Major John Talcot. It is to be /egretted that we have
no aceount of this military chieftain in a biographical work.
There are many of this class, wli»ch, should they receive a
small part of the attention bestowed on some obscure charac-
ters/would add much to the value of such works. I have
little information of Major Talcot, except what is contain-
ed in the valuable History ^; Connecticut. In note 1, on
page 107, a few of his esploit.^ aiy sketched ; but about thi^
time he was asbu^y as Cfhu '• ind rerformed very signal

lis PH1LIP»S WAE.

Now Captain Church being arrived at Plymouth^
received thanks from the government for his good
service, &c. Many of his soldiers were disbanded,
and he thought to rest himself awhile ; being much
fatigued, and his health impaired, by excessive heats
and colds, wading through rivers, &c. But it was
not long before he was called upon to rally, upon
advice that some of the enemy were discovered in
Dartmouth woods.

He took his Indians, and as many English volun-
teers as presented to go with him; scattering into
small parcels, Mr. Jabez Howland (who was now,
and often, his Lieutenant, and a worthy good soldier)
had the fortune to discover and imprison a parcel
of the enemy. In the evening they met together at
an appointed place, and by examining the prisoner^
they gained intelligence of Totoson's haunt.* And
being brisk in the morning, they soon gained an ad-
vantage of Totoson's company,f though he himself

$ervices. After he had recruited his men at home a short
time, he received intelligence that a laree body of Indians
were fleeing to the westward. Major Talcot overtook ♦jj^ljnu
near the cl& of t^ w-v^-ja^-v ' ottrV»on w_^tcti uaiig:^^.
ny on the west sihfctill ets; fo i' soipe of j them came s^ng
morning he dii iili (Mil iiTi ii IfUfpWwdK^ji iiiil of theURas to
cross the river and come upon their front,' «i*cd their pritiffl*
the other fell upon their rear. This wel^|^^^ th<"^ v**^'
came near being ruined ; as the first party ^^¥1% crossing the
river they were discovered by one of the enemy who was
out, fishine. He hallooed, "Awannux! Awannux!" and
was immediately shot down. This surprised the enemy,
and the gun was taken for the signaf to begin the onset by
the other party, who discharged upon them as they were
rising from sleep. All that were not killed or wounacil <l«d
into the Woods which were very thick, and the pursuit was
given up. Fortyfive of the enemy were killed and takeoj
among the former was the sachem of Quabaog. The army
BOW returned. The Major had at first 8dO men besick
friendly Indians.

* See note on page 115.

t Hubbard, Nar. 333, says that ^bout fifty Were taketi al
"""^s time.

PHILIP'S WAR. lis

lAih his son about eight years old, made tlieir eicape,
and one old squaw with them, to Agawom,* his own
country. But Sam Barrow, f as noted a rogue as
any among the enemy, fell into the haads of jthe Eng-
lisn at this time. Captain Church told hiro, that
because of his inhuman murders and barbarities, the
Court had allowed him no quarter, but was to be
forthwith put to death ; and therefore he was to pre-
pare for it. Barrow replied, that the sentence of
death against him was just, and that indeed he was
ashamed to live any longer, and desired no more
fevour, than to smoke a whiff of tobacco before his
execution. When he had taken a few whifiis, he said,
he was ready ; upon which one of Captain Church's
Indians sunk his hatchet into his brains.

The famous Totoson arriving at Agawom,J his
son, § which was the last that: was left of the family,
(Captain Church having destrpyed all the rest) fell
sick. The wretch reflecting upon the miserable con-*
dition he had brought himself into, his heart became
a stone within him, and [he] died. The old squaw
flung a few leaves and brush over him, came into
Sandwich, and gave this account of his death 9^ and
offered to show them Vi^here she left his body f bik
never had the opportunity, for she inunediatejy JaU
sick and died also.

• In Rochester.

1 1 ^nd nothing more recorded of Barrow, than what is
here given. It appears that he had heen a noted viUain, and
perhaps his sentence ivas just. But he was an old man, and
would have died soon enough without murdering. No douht
he made great efforts to redeem his sinking country, an ac-
count of which cannot he had at this day, which with many
othera we have greatly to lament the loss of, with the genera-
^ons to come. ^

I (Several nlaces were called Agawom : [or Agawam] as
at Ipswich and Springfield ; this Agawom lies in Wareham;^^

it is probable that Totoson had other phicet of f esoift as
well as in Rochester, but that described in Mfte on }NigQ
116, is sapposed to be the principal.

§ Totoson, son of Sam Barrow, is meant. .

130 PHILIPS WAR.

Captain Church being now at Plymouth againy
weary and worn, would have gone home to his wife
and family, but the government being solicitous to
engage him in the service until Philip was slain; and
promising him satisfaction and redress for some mis-
treatment that he had met with, he fixes for another
expedition.

He had soon volunteers enough to make up the
company he desired, and marched through the
woods, until he came to Pocasset. And not seeing-
or hearing of any of the enemy, they went over the
ferry to Rhodeisland, to refresh themselves. The
Captain with about half a dozen in his company,
took horses and rode about eight miles down the
island, to Mr. Sanford's, where he had left his wife.*
[SheJ^ no sooner saw him, but fainted with surprise ;
and by thiat time she was a little revived, they spied
two horsemen coming a great pace. Captain Church
told his company, that " Those men (by their riding)
come with tidings." When they came up, they prov-
ed to be Major Sanford,t and Captain Golding.
[They]* immediately asked Captain Church, what
heriWi^uld give to hear some news of Philip *? He re-
plied^ that [that] was what he wanted. They told
hii}!,: [that] they had rode hard with some hopes of
overtaking him, and were now come on purpose to
inform him, that there were just now tidings from
Mounthope. An Indian came down from thence
(where Philip's camp now was) [ — ]^ to Sandy point,
over against Trip's, and hallooecl, and made signs to
1 [who] Q [who] 3 [on]

• This was on the 1 1 August.

t The same, very probably, who arrested Sir Edmund
Andros at R. I. in 1689. Andros was then a prisoner at the*
castle in Boston harbour, when his servant, by the assistance
of Bacchus, caused the sentinel to let him stand in his steady
and Sir Edmund escaped. Hutchinson » I, 349. The name
is iiQit unifom^y spelt. In the text of Hutchinson the first
4 is omitted, as in our text page iOft, but in his Index two
des are used.

rBBAf% WAR. 121

be fetched <H^r* And being fetched over, he report*
ed, timl he was fled from Philip, " who (said he) has
killed nay brother just before I came away, for giv-
ing scone advice that displeased him."* And said,
ftiiat] he was fled for fear of meeting with the same
lis brother had met with. Told them also, that
Philip was now in Mounthope neck. Captain Church
thanked them for their good news, and said, [that]
he hoped by to-morrow morning to have the rogue's
head. The horses that he and his company came
on, standing at the door, (for they had not been un-
saddled) his wife must content herself with a short
visit, when such game was ahead. They i^imediate-
ly mounted, set spurs to their horses, and away.

The two gentlemen that brought him the tidings,
told him, [that] they would gladly wait upon him to
see the event of the expedition. He thanked them,
and told them, [that] he should be as fond of their
company as any men's ;. and (in short) they went
with him. And they were soon at Trip's ferry, (with
Captain Church's company) where the deserter was.

tHe]^ was a fellow of good sense, and told his story
andsomely. He offered Captain Church, to pilot
hm to Philip, and to help to kill him, that he might
revenge his brother's death. Told him, that Philip
was now upon a little spot of upland, that was iathe
south end of the miry swamp, just at the foot of the
mount, which was a spot of ground that Captain
Church was well acquainted with.

By that time they #ere over the ferry, and came
near theground,half the night was spent. The Cap-
tain commands a halt, and bringing the company to-
gether, he asked Major Sanford's and Captain Geld-
ing's advice, what method [it] was best to take in
making the onset ; but they declined giving him any

i[wbo]

* Mr. Hubbard says that it was for advising him to make
peace with the English.

r^ PHILIPS WAll.

advice ; telling htm, that his great experience add
success forbid their taking upon them to give advice.
Then Captain Church offered Captain Golding [ — y
the honour (if he would please accept of it) to beat
up Philip's headquarters. He accepted the ofFel'
and had his allotted number drawn out to him, and
the pilot. Captain Church's instructions to him
were, to be very careful in his approach to the ene-
my, and be sure not to show himself, until by day-
light they might see and discern their own men from
the enemy ; told him also, that his custom in like
cases, was, to creep with his company, on tlieir bel-
lies, until they came as near as they could ; and that
as soon as the enemy discovered them, they would
cry out, and that was the word for his men to fire
and fall on. [He] directed him, [that] when the
enemy sliould start and take into the swamp, [that]
they should pursue witli speed ; every man shouting
and making what noise [he]^ could ; for he would
give orders to his ambuscade to fire on any that
should come silently.

Captain Church knowing that it was Philip*s cus^
tom to be foremost in the flight, went down to the
swamp, and gave Captain Williams of Scituate the
command of the right wing of the ambush, and pla-
ced ah Englishman and an Indian together behind
such shelters of trees, &,c., [as]^ he could find, and
took care to place them at such distance, that none
might pass undiscovered between them ; charged
them to be careful of themselVes, and of hurting
their friends, and to fire at any that should come sir
lently through the swamp. But [it] being somewhat
farther through the swamp than he was aware of, he
wanted men to make up his ambuscade.

Having placed what men he had, he took Major
Sanford by the hand, [and] said, " Sir I have so pla-
ced them that it is scarce possible Philip should
escape them." The same moment a shot whistled
1 [that he should have] *« [they] 3 [that]

over their iiN&ads, and then the noise of a gun towards
Philip's camp. Captain Church, at first, thought
* fthat] it might be some gun fired by accident ; bat
before he could speak, a whole volley followed, which
was earlier than he expected. One of Philip's gang
going forth to ease himself, when he had done, look-
ed round him, and Captain Golding thought [that]
the Indian looked right at him, (though probably it
was but his conceit) so fired at him ; and upon his
firings the whole company that were with him fired
upon the enemy's shelter, before the Indians had
time to rise from their sleep, and so oyer shot them.
But their shelter was open on that side next the
swamp, built so on purpose for the convenience of
ffigbt on occasion. They were soon in the swamp,
and Philip the forejooost, who starting at the first gun,
threw his petunk and powderhorn over hi« head,
catcbed up his gun, and ran as fast as he could
scamper, without any more clothes than his small
breeches and stockings ; and ran directly on two of
Captain Church's ambush. They let him come fair
within shot, and the Englishman's gun missing fiVe,
he bid the Indian fire away, and he did so to [the]
purpose ; sent one musket bullet through his heart,
and another not above two inches firom it. He fell
upon bis face in the mud and water, with his gun
under him.*

* Thus fell the celebrated King Philip, the implacable
enemy of civilization. Never, perfiaps, did the fall of any

Srince or warriour afford so much space for solid reflection,
[ad the resources of this hero been equal to those of his ene-
mies, what would have been their fate ? This exterminating
war had not been known to millions! How vast the con-
trast! when this country is viewed in its present populooa
and flourishing state, extending Over thousands of miles, and
the sound of civilization emanating from every ^part ; and
when presented to the imagination in the days of Fmlip ;
with only here and there a solitary dwelling, surrounded with
an endless wilderness.

Before the fall of Philip, the Indians for sdme time had
been loosing ground, and were considered a$ nearly subdued^

1^4 *HIUPS WAR.

«.

By this, time the enemy perceived [that] they were
waylaid on the east side of the swamp, [and] tacked
short about. . One of the enemy, who seemed to be
a great, surly old fellow ; hallooed with a loud voice,
and 9ften called out, " lootash^ lootashJ^^ Captain
Church called to his Indian, Peter, and asked him,
who that was that called so *? He answered, that it
was old Annawon,f Philip's great Captain ; calling

l>ut this event clearly decided their fate ; doubts were no
longer entertained of their appearing formidable. To this
memorable and important event, we are able to Bx the date,
with that certaipty, which adds lustre to the pages of histo-
vy. Other historians agree that it was on the 12 Aagust,
and this history clearly indicates that it was on the morning
of a certain day, whicn, therefore, falls on Saturday morning,
1^ Augttst, 1676. Mr. Hubbard, Nar. 226, says, "Wi«i
I'hilip at this time fell five of his trustiest followers." To
itaow their names would be a relief. .p. . - — "

* This is evidently a word of three syllables, and is very easy
to pronounce. It should be thus divided, l^oo-iash ; giving thi
second syllable the same sound that oo has in moose , mood,
Sic. VVny Dr. Morse should alter this word to Tootash, I
cannot account. It is ciertainly an unwarrantable deviation
and should not be countenanced. See Annals of the Ameri-
can Revolution, 58, and the edition of l820jof his Hist. N.
England.

t This word also, the author of the Annals of the Ameri-
can Revolution has thought proper to alter to Anawon ; this,
however, is less important than that mentioned in the last
Hiote, but should not be warranted. Some contend that its
termination should be written loan, as being more agreeable
to analogy. I cannot think that it is ; because the author,
H'ithout doubt, intended by the termination won, to convey
the sound of tpwn, and not that heard in stvan,

"What is preserved of this warriour is found in this history.
His principal camp was in Squannaconk swamp, in Reho-
both, where he was taken by Church, as will presently be
feeen. In a preceding page, Tyasks was called the next man
to Philip ; but, that Annawon stood in that place, is evident
from his being possessed of that chief's royalties after he was
killed. Mr. Hubbard says that a son of Philip's chief Captain
was killed when Philip was. But as it is not possible for me
to ascertain with certainty who he means by Philip's chief
Captain, we cannot tell whether he were a son of Annawoo
W not 5 but it appears quite probable to me thatiic was.

PHILIPS WAIK 126

on his soldiers to stand to it, and fight stoutly. N^
the enemy finding that place of the swamp whioh
was not ambushed, many of them made their escape
in the E^lish tracks.

The man that had shot down Philip, ran with all
speed to Captain Church, and informed him of his
exploit, who- commanded him to be silent about it
and let no man more know it, until they had driven
the swamp clean. But when they had driven the
swamp through, and found [tliat] the enemy had
escaped, or at least, the most of them, and the sun
now up, and so the dew gone, that they could not
easily track them, the whole company met together
at the place where the enemy's night shelter was,
and then Captain Church gave them the news of
Philip's death. 0pon which the whole army gave
three loud huzzas.

Captain Church ordered his body to be pulled out
of the mire to the upland. So some of Captain
Church's Indians took hold of him by his stockines,
and some by his small breecheS; (being otherwise
naked) and drew him through the mud to the up-
l^d; and a doleful, great, naked, dirty beast he
looked like.* Captain Church then said, that foras-
much as he had caused many an Englishman's body
to be unburied, and to rot above ground,^ that not
one of his bones should be buried. And calling his
old Indian executioner, bid him behead and quarter
liim. Accordingly he came with his hatchet and
stood over him, but before he struck he made a small
speech directing it to Philip, [which was, that]^ " he
had been a very great man, and had made many a
man afi'aid of him, but so big as he was, he would now

^ [and said]

• How natural is the propensity of man, to exult in the fall
of his enemy! However great or brave, if the great disposer
of events renders him unprofitably so, no allowance is OGMide
in the day of victory, though the honour of the conquemr is
measured by that of his foe.

II*

126 PMiUP'S WAR.

eiM>p his aree for him.^^ And so be went lo work
dml did as he was ordered.f

. Philip having one very remarkable* hand, being
much scarred, occasioned by the splitting of a pis-
tol in it formerly. Captain Church .gave the head
aad that hand to Alderman,| the Indian who shot
him, to show to such gentlemen as woul>. bestow gra^
tufties upon him ; and accordingly he got many a
penny by it.

This being on the last day of the week, the Cafh
tain with his company, returned to the island, [and]
tarried there until Tuesday ;<§ and then went off and
ranged through all the woods to Plymouth, and re-
oeived their premium, which was thirty shillings per
head, for the enemies which they had killed or taken,
instead of all wages ; and Philip's head went at tlie
^ame price. Methinks it is scanty reward, and poor
encouragement 5 though it wai better than [it]^ had

1 [what]

* Dr. Mors«^n copying from this history, quotes the above
speech thus ; " You have been one very great man. You
have made many a man afraid of you. But so big as you be,
I will chop you m pieces." By his liberties vrith authors, we
might take him for the Cotton Mather of the age. How-
ever, we are willing to excuse him in this instance, on the
score of chastity. '

t Being quartered he was hanged up, and his head carried
in triumph to Plymouth. Magnalia, 11, 498, 499. " That
very nignt [previous to his death] Philip had been dreaming
that he was lallen into the hands of the English ; and now
just as he was telling his dream, with advice unto his friends
to fly for their lives, lest the knave who had newly gone from
them should show the English how to come at them. Captain
Church, with his company, fell in upontl^em." Ibid. Per-
haps this story deserves as much credit as that on page 20,
note 1. Mr. Hubbard, no doubt heard this part of the story,
but perhaps not having as much faith in dreams as the au-
thor of the Magnalia, thought proper to omit it.

t This was the same Indian, whose brother was killed,
and who informed the English where to find Philip. Trum-
boU, Hist. Con. I, 349. ^

§AQgast 15.

PHILIP'S WAR. 127

been some time before. For this march they receiv-
ed ybur shUUngs and sixpence a man, which was all
the reward they had, except the honour of killing.
Philip. This was in the latter end* of August, 1676.

Captain Church had been but a little while at Ply-
mouth, before a post from Rehoboth came to inform
the Governour, that old Annawon, Philip's chief Cap*
tain, was with his company ranging about their
woods, and was very offensive and pernicious to Re-
hoboth and Swanzey. Captain Church was inmie-
diately sent for again, and treated with to engage in
one expedition more. He told them, fthat] their en-
couragement tvas so poor, he feared [thatt his sol-
diers would be dull about going again. But being
a hearty friend to the cause, he rallies again, goes to
Mr. Jabez Rowland, his old Lieutenant, and some
of his soldiers that used to go out with him; told
them how the case was circumstanced, and that he
had intelligence of old Annawon's walk and haunt,
and wanted hands to hunt him. They did not wBBtit
much entreating, but told him, [that] they would go
with him as long as there was an Indian left in the
woods. He moved and ranged through the woods
to Pocasset.

It being the latter end of the week, he proposed
to go on to Rhodeisland, and rest until Monday ;
but on the Lcml's day morning,f there came a post
to inform the Captain, that early the same morning,
a canoe with several Indians in it, passed from Pru-
dence islandf to Poppasquash§ neck. Captain
Church thought if he could possibly surprise them,

* The reason of this anachrooism is explained in note 1
on page 94.

t August 30.

X A long and crooked Island on the west side of Rhode-
idand, extending from near the centre of Rhodeisland to
Warwick neck, in length about 6 miles*

§ (On the west side of Bristol.)

And separated fr<mi it by Bristol bay.

128 PHILIP'S WAR.

£tliftt] be n^ht {probably gain some latelligieBce q£
mofe ffame ; therefore he made all possikle speed
after mem. The ferry boat being out of the way^
be nmde use of canoes. Ru by that time they haA
made two freights, and had got over about fifteen or
Mxteen of his Indians, the wind sprung up with suqh
violence that canoes could no niore pass«^ tPhe
Captain seeing it was impossible fclr any m<H^ of hk
soldiers to come to him, h^ told his Indians, ^thaf}
if they were willing to ge with him, he would go t»
Poppasquash, and see if they could cateh soaw^ of
the enemy Indians. They were willing to so, bat
were sorry [that] they had no English souUers«f
So they nuirched through the thickets that they
might not be discovered, until they came unto tbb
salt meadow, to the northward of Brklol town, that
now is, [when]^ they heard a gnur; the Ca^^un
looked about, not knowii^ but it might be soim of
his own ccmipany in the rear. So halting till they aU
came up, he found [that] it was none of his owi
company that fired.

Now, though he had but a few men, j^he] was
minded to send some of them out on a scout. He
moved it to Captain Lightfoot to go with three
[others] ^ on a scout ; he said [that] he was willingi
provided the Captain's man, Nathaniel (whicli i^afl
an Indian they had lately taken) might be oae of.
them, because he was well acquainted with the

1 [then] ^[more]

* This event was but a few days more than one hundred
years before the celebrated passage of Washin^on over the
Delaware to attack the Hessians at Trenton, which has been
so beautifaUy described by Barlow. See his Columbiad, B.
vi. line 91 to 214. Perhaps this expedition of the heroick
Church, in the small days of Newengland was of as' much
consequence as greater ones were a centurjr after. It is not
impossible, but that another Barlow may arise and sing over
the events of these days of yore. A vast theneie for a poet !

t They had one or more EB|^MM»ep ip tins «oii^auy s^
wiU appear presenUj*

neck^aad comh^ lately from among them, knew
how to call them.

The Cs^ptain bid bim choose his three companioos,
aad go ; and if they came across any of the enemy,
not to kill them if they could possibly take them
aUve, thiU they might gain intelligence concerning
Anaawon* The Captain with the rest of his com-
pany mov^ed but a little way further toward Poppa-
scjpiash, before they heard another gun, which seem-
ed to be the same way witli the other, but further ofl*;
bm they made no halt until they came unto the nar*
HW of Poppasquash neck; where Captain Church
left three men more to watch, {and see] if any should
come out of the neck, and to inform the scout, when
they retiaraed, which way he was gone.

He parted tbe remainder of .his company, half on
one side of the ne<^,aiid the other with himself went
on die other side, [ — ^ ? until they met; and meeting
neither with Indians nor canoes, returned big with ex-?
peetations of tidings by their scout. But when they
eame back to the three men at the. narrow of the
neck, they told their Captain [tiiat}the scout, [had]^
not returned, [and] had heard nor seen any thing of
them. This filled them with thoughts of what should
become of- them. By that time they had sat and
waited an hour longer, it wa» very dark, and they
despaired of their returning to them.

Some of the Indians told their Captain, [that]
they feared his new man, Nathaniel, had met with lus
old Mounthope friends, and [ — ]^ turned rogue.
They concluded to make no fires tliat night, (and
indeed they had no great need of any) for they had
no victuals to cook, [ — ] ^ not so much as a morsel
of bread with them.

They took up their lodgings scattering, that if pos-
sibly their scout should come in the night, and whis-
tle, (which was their sign) some or other of theia
might hear them* They had a very solitary, hmi'-
1 [of the neck] 2 [was] 3 [wasj ^ [**ad]

gry night; nmi as soon as thie ddy bndie,'^ itimpigmt
off through the brush to a hill without the neck;
And looking about them they espied cme IndiiHi mam
come running somewhat towards them. The Co^
tein ordered one man to step out and show hirnsdH
Upon this the Indian ran right to him, afd wfm
sdiould it be but Captain Lightfoot, to thm* gie^
Joy. Captain Church asked him what wuma ? He
imswered, "Good news;" [that] they were di
well, and had catched ten Indians; and that tfaef
guarded them all night in one of the flankers c^tte
old English garrison ;f that Ifceir prisoners ww^
part of Annawon's company, and that they'haA left
their £aunilies in a swamp above Mattapoisetneek-f
And as they were marching towards the oU ^arnsoo,
Lightfoot gave Captain Church a paorticiMar «ce<i«nt
of their exploit, viz. ; tlwit presently after th^ 1^
him, they heard anotlwr gun, which seemed towaiA
the Indian burying place ; and moving that wiq?,
they discovered two of the enemy flaying of a hoRW.
The scout dapping into the brush, Nathaniel bid*
them sit down, and he would presently call all tlm
Indians thereabout unto him. They hid, and he
went a little distance back from them, and set up hid
note and howled like a wolf. One of the two im^
mediately left his horse, and came running to see
who was there ; but Nathaniel howling lower w^
lower, drew him in between those that lay in wait
for him, who seized him. Nathaniel continuing the
same note, the other left the horse also,followihg his
mate, and met with the same. When they caught
these two, they examined them apart and found them

* Monday August 28.

t This was tjie fort that was built in June, 1675, whick
Church so much disapproved of. See page 35. It was pro^
bably of more service now than it had ever been before, if
we judge ftova any account since giren.

t (In Swanz^. There is ano^r Mattapoiset in Boch-
«stcr,)

t^^i^ree in thmr €^ry ; that tbere were eight more
of them [wh0 came]^ down into the neck to get
piOTisions, and had agreed to meet at the burying
place that evening. These two being some of Na-
tbaniel's old acquaintance, he had great influence
ufMMi them, and with his enticing story, (telling what
a heave ci|>tain he ' had, how bravely he lived since
he had been with him, and how much they might
faster th^ir condition by turning to him, &c.,) per-
suaded and engaged them to be on his side, which,
indeed, now began to be the better s^de of the hedge.
Th^ waited but a little while before they espied the
rest oi theirs coming «up to the burpng place, and
Nathaniel .soon howled them in, as he had done their
mates before.

When Captain Church came to the garrison, he
met his Lieutenant,^ and the rest of his compcmy.
And then making up good fires they fell to roasting
their hc^se beef, enough to last them a whcJe day,
but had not a morsel of bread, though salt they bad,
(which they always carried in their pockets, [and] .
which at this time was very acceptable to them.)

Their next motion was towards the place where
the prisoners told them [that] they had left their
women and children, anci surprised them all ; and
some others that [had]^ newly come to them. And
upon examination they heid to one story, that it was
hard to tell where to find Annawon, for he never
roosted twice in a place.

^ow a certain Indian soldier, that Captain Church
had gained over to be on his side, prayed that he
might have liberty to go and fetch in his father, who,
he said, was about four miles from that place, in a
swamp, with no other than a young CKioaw. Captain
Qnirch inclined to go with him, thinkins [that] it
might be in his way to gain some intelligence of
Annawon ; and so taking one Englishman and a few
1 [come] 2£we»^],

• Mr. Jabez Howland.

1^ PJIIUP^S WAR.

Ipdians with him, leaviog the rest tbere, be Vfeat
with his new soldier to look [after] his father.

When he came to the swamp, he bid the Indian
go [andp see if he could find his father. He was
no sooner gone, but Captain Church discovered a
track coming down out of the woods ; upon which
he and his little company lay close, sonoue on one
side of the track, and some on the other. They
heard the Indian soldier making a bowling for his
father, and at length somebody answered him ; but
while they Were listening, they thought [that] they
heard somebody coming towards them; presently
[they] saw an old man coming -up with a gun on his
shoulder, and a young woman following in the track
which they lay by. They let them come up between
them, and then started up and laid hold of them
both. Captain Church immediately examined them
apart, telling them what they must trust to, if they
tpld false stories. He asked the young woman, what
company they came from last*? She said, " From
Captain Anr awon's." He asked her how many were
in company a nth him when she left him ? She said,
" Fifty or sixty." He asked her how many miles it
was to the place where she left him 9 She said, [that]
she did not understand miles, but he was up in
Squannaconk^wamp.*

The old man, who had been one of Philip's coun-
cil, wpcm examination, gave exactly the same ac-
count. Captain Church asked him if they could get
there that night 9 He said, [that] if they went pre-
sently, and travelled stoutly, they might get there
by sunset. He asked whither he was going 9 He
aBswered, that Annawon had sent him down to look

tfer] some Indians, that were gone down into Mountf
lOpe neck to kill provisions. Captain Church let
bim know that those Indians were ail his prisoners.

1 [to] ' 2 [but]

• (Southeasterly part of R^hoboth)

PHILIP'S WAR. 1 33

By this time came the Indian soldiet and brought
hi^ father and one Indian more. The Captain was
now in a great strait of mind what to do next ; he
had a mind to give Annawon a visit, n^^.v he knew
where to find him. But his company was very small,
[only]^ half a dozen men beside himself, and was
tinder a necessity to send some body back to acquaint
his Lieutenant and company with his proceedings.
Howeveif he asked his small company that were with
him, whether they would willingly go with him and
give Annawon a visits They told him, [that] they
were always ready to obey his commands, (fcc. ; but
withal told him, that they knew this Captain Anna-
won was a great soldier ; that he had been a valiant
Captain under Asuhmequin,* Philip's father ; and

1 [bttt]

*Mdrton, 1^2, calls him Woosamequen. This was the
last name by which the " good old Massassoit" was known.
This name he took about the tihie of the Pequot war as was
mentioned in note 1, on page 17. Allen in his Bios;raph:cal
Dictionary, has; given a short sketch of him, which is very
deficient. Not even informing us that he was ever known
by any other name than Massassoit. This celebrated chief en-
tered into a league of friendship with the Plymouth Pilgrims,
the next spring after their arrival, which was kept until hig
death. Some of the other tribes insultingly told him, that
through his cowardice he had treated with the English.
However this might be, he is said always to have advised his
sons against engaging in a war with them, for he believed
that in time the Indians would be annihilated. He was re-
markable for his aversion to the English religion. Hutchin-
son, 1, 252, says that " when he was treating for the sale of
some of his lands at Swanzey, insisted upon it as a condition,
that the English should never attempt to draw off" any of his
people from their religion to Christianity, and would not re-
cede until he found the treaty would break off if he urged
it any further." He was personally several times at Fiv-
mouth. On his first arrival there, in March, 1620-21, he
made his appearance on the hill, the south side of Town brook,
with several of his principal men with him. Here he made a
stop and Mr. Edward Winslow was sent to him with a pre-
sent, and the Governour's (Carver) compliments that he de-
«red to see him, and treat with him. He left Mr. Wioslow

V^4 PBIUPS WABi

that he had been Philip^s cyeftain all thisr war. A rery
subtle man, of great resolution, and had often sai^i,
that he would never be taken alive by the English.

' ' ' '*■ - -■ - -■■ ■ — - - - ■-■■-■ — — .1 - ■■ — ■■

as a hostage w'ith his men, and with about twenty of his sol-
diers went down to the brook, where Captain Standish niet
him with a file of six men, and conducted him to a new
house. A green rug was spread over the floor, and three or
four cushions laid upon it. The Governour then came, pre-
ceded by a drum and trumpet, at the sound of which tney
appeared much delighted. After some introduction^ the
above mentioned league or treaty was entered upon and con-
cluded as follows: /

•Article I. That neither he, nor any of his, should injure
or do hurt to any of their people, ^rt II. That if any of his
cHd any hurt to any of theirs, he should send the offender
that they might punish him. ,Brt III. That if any thing
were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause it to be
restored ; and thev should do the like to his. Art IV. That
if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him ;
and if any did war against tliem, he should aid them. Art. V.
That he should send to his neighbour confederates, to inform
them of this, that they might not wrong them, but might be
likewise com^^rised in these conditions of peace. Art, VI.
That when his men came to them upon any occasion, they
should leave their arms (which were then bows and arrows/
behind them. Art. VII. Lastly, that so doing, their sove-
reign Lord. King James would esteem him as his friend and
ally.

Two years after (in 1623) Massassoit fell sick, and Mr.
Winslow went to visit him. He found the house crowded
%vith men who were using their rude exertions to restore hini
to health. Being informed that his friends were come to see
him, he desired to speak with them. (He was very sick and
his sight had left him.) When Mr. Winslow went to hini
he took him by the hand and faintly said, " Keen Wins-
now?" That is, " Art thou Winslow?" Being informed that
he was, he then sai^, " Matta neen wonckunet namen JVi^s^
now /" That is, "0 Winslow I shall never see thee again !" He
had not taken any thing for two days, but Mr. Winslow gave
him something that he had prepared which he was able to
swallow, and he unmediatcly grew better, and soon entirely"
recovered. In 1639, this Indian King was at Plymouth with
Mooauam or Wamsutta, his son, then or afterwards named
Atexander, and renewed the former league. The precise
time of his death is unknown. But from Hubbard, 59, it ap-
pears that it was about 1656. Morton, $16, and 122. Hutch-
inson, I, 252, 258. Belknap, Amer. Bicg. I, 212, 994.

fLoA moreover tbej knew that the men that yrere
wkh him were resolute . fellows, some of Philip's
chief soldiers ; and therefore, feared whether it was
practicable to make an attempt upon him with so
small a handful of assailants as were now with him.
Told him further, that it would be a pity, [ — y^ after
all the great things he had done, [that] he should
throw away his life at last. Upon wliich he replied,
that he doubted not. Annawon was a subtle and val-
iant man ; that he had a long time, but in vain, sought
for him, and never till now could find his quarters,
Tand he was very loath to miss of the opportunity ;
and doubted not, [ — Y that if they would cheerfiilly
go with him, the same Almighty Providence that haa
hitherto protected and befriended them, would do so
still, &c.

Upon this with one consent they said, [that] they
would go. Captain Church then turned to one Co<hl
of Plymouth, (the only Englishman then with him)
and asked him, what he thought of it 9 [He]^ repli-
ed, "Sir, I am never afraid of going any where when
you are with me." Then Captain Church asked the
old Indian, if he could carry his horse with him *?
(For he conveyed a horse thus far with him.) H©
replied that it was impossible for a horse to pass the
swamps. Therefore, he sent away his new Indian
soldier with his father, and the Captain's horse, to
his Lieutenant, and orders for him to move to Taun-
ton with the prisoners, to secure them there, and to
jcome out in the morning in the Rehoboth road, in
which he might expect to meet him, if he were alive
and had success.

The Captain then asked the old fellow if he would
pilot him [to]* Annawon 9 He answered, that he hav-

i£that] 2 [but] 3 [who] 4 [unto]

H^mesj I, 208. Prince, 185, &c. Wlietber ht had more
^ban two sons is uncertain ; but it seems by a letter to Lou*
doB, written during this war, that there was another. See
HutchiDson, I, 265.

■1:

136 PK»L1?'S WAB.

ing^veij hii» his life, he was obliged te serve him.
He bid him move on then, and they followed. The
old man would out travel them so far sometimes,
that they were almost out of sight ; [and] looking
over his shoulder, and seeing them behmd, he woul4
halt.

Just as the sun was setting, the old man made a
full stop and sat down ; the company coming up, also
sat down, being all weary. Captain Church asked^
" What news 9" He answered, that about that time
in the evening. Captain Annawon sent out his scouts
to see if the coast were clear, and as soon as it be-
gan to grow dark, the scouts returne'd ; and then
(said he) "We may move again securely." When it
began to grow dark, the old man stood up again,
[and] Captain Church asked him if he would take a
gun and fight for him 9 He bowed very low, and
prayed him not to impose such a thing upon him, as
to fight against Captain Annawon his old friend.
But says he, " I will go along with you, and be help-^
ful to you, and will lay hands on any man that shall
ofler to hurt you."

It being now pretty dark, they moved close to-
gether ; — anon they heard a noise. ' The Captain
stayed the old man with his hand, and asked his own
men what noise they thought it might be ? They
concluded it to be the pounding of a mortar. The
old man had given Captain Church a description of
the place* where Annawon now lay, and of the diffi-

♦This solitary retreat is in the southeasterly part of the-
toT*vn of Rehobolh, but being near Taunton line, some, in re-
lating the story, report it to be in this town. It is about S
miles from Taunton green, and nearly in a direct line ta
Providence. The northwest corner of Dighton runs up be-
tween Taunton and Rehoboth, through which we pass in
going from Taunton to Annawon's rock. (By this name it
IS known thro^hout that part of the country.) It is in a
great swamp, called Squannaconk, containing nearly 3000
acres, as I was informed by Mr. A. Bliss, the nearest inhabi-
tant to it. The road passes round the northwesterly part of

PHILIP'S WAR. 187

culty of getting at him. Being sensible that they
were pretty near them, with two of his Indians he
creeps to the edge of the rocks, from whence he
could see their camps. He saw three companies of
Indians at a little distance from each other ; being
easy to be discovered by the light of their fires. He
saw also the great ANNA WON and his company,
who had formed his camp or kenneling place by
falling a tree under the side of the great clifis of
rocks, and setting a row of birch bushes up against
it ; where he himself, his son, and some of his chiefe
had taken up their lodgings, and made great fires
without them, and had their pots and kettles boiling,
and spits roasting. Their arms also he discovered,
all set together, in a place fitted for the purpose,
standing up an end against a stick lodged in two
crotches, and a mat placed over them, to keep them
from the wet or dew. The old Annawon's feet and
his son's head were so near the arms, as almost to
touch them. [ — y^

The rocks were so steep that it was impossible to
get down, [only]^ as they lowered themselves by the
1 [but] 2 [but]

the swamps and within 6 or 8 rods of the rock. This im-
mense rock extends northeast and southwest 70 or 80 feet,
and to this day the camp of Annawon is approached with
difficulty. A part of its southeast side hangs over a little,
and the other, on the northeast part, seems irt no very dis.-
tant period, to have tumbled down in large clefts. Its height
may be 80 feet. It is composed of sand and pebbles. A few
scattering maple, beech, birch, &c., grow about it ; as also
briars and water bushes, so thick as almost to forbid ap-
• proach. Formerly, it was, no doubt, entirely surrounded by
water, as it is to this time in wet seasons. The northwest
side of the rock is easily ascended, as it gradu^ly slopes away
from its summit to its base, and at an angle, perhaps, not ex-
ceeding 35^. Small bushes grow from the seams in its steep
side, as in the days of Churcn. Near the sou^JMrest extremi-
ty is an opening of an an^lar form, in which, it is said,
Annawon and 3ie other chiefs were encamped. This open-
ing now contains the stump of a large tree, which must nave
grown since those days, as it nearly fills it up.

12*

138 PHILIP'S WAR.

boughs, and thelmshes that grew in the^Jtacks of 4he
rocks. Captain Church creeping back again t6 the
old man, asked him, if there were no possibility; of
getting at them some o^her way '? He answered,
" No." That he and all that belonged to Anhawoh,
were ordered to come that way, and none could conae
any other way without difficulty, or danger of beii^
shot.

Captain Church then ordered the old man and his
daughter to go down foremost with their baskets at
their backs, that whe^i Annawon saw them wifli their
baskets he should not mistrust the intrigue.* Captain
Church and his handful of soldiers crept down also,
under the shadow of those two and their baskets*
The Captain himself crept close behind the old man^"
with his hatchet in his hand, and stepped over thd
young man's head to the arms. The young Anna-j
won discovering of him, whipped his blanket over
his head, and shrunk up in a heap. The old Cap*
tain Annawon started up on his breech, and cried
out "Howoh."* And despairing of escape, threv?
himself back again, and lay silent until Captain
Chur<3,h had secured all the arms, (Slc. And having
secured that company, he sent his Indian soldiers to
the other fires and companies, giving them instruct
tions, what to do and say. Accordingly they went
into the midst of them. When they fjiad] discover-

t \ t

* This word according to the tradition -of 3^ed people,
signified, " I am taken." Dr. Morse has th<mght fit to alt^
the spelling of this word to Howah. It is very evident that
the writer of this history, intended in the termination of this
word to convey the sound of oA, and not ah. Were this not
the case, it is certainly better to give it to posterity as we
find it. Such alterations, however small and unimportant
they may seem ta some readers, have a very had tendency ;
they tend to cause us to doubt pf the authenticity of any ac-
counts that are handed down to us. It may be said that a&
alteration of this kind is of no consequence, because it does
not aher the sense. But it should be recollected, that the
authority is as good for any other alteration ; for to alter let-
ters is to alter words; to alter words is to change the sense.

PHILIPS WAR. 139

ed themselves [to the enemy, they]' told them that,
their Captain Anriawon was taken, and [that] it
would be best for them, quietly and peaceably to
surrender themselves, which would procure good
quarter for them ; otherwise, if they should pretend
to resist or make their escape, it would be in vain,
and they could expect no other but that Captain
Church, with his great army, who had now entrap-
ped them, would cut them to pieces. Told them
also, [that] if they would submit themselves, and de-
liver up all their arms unto them, and keep every
man in his place until it was day, they would assure
them that their Captain Church, who had been so
kind to themselves when they surrendered to him,
should be as kind to them. Now they being old ac-
quaintance, and many of them relations, did much
die readier give heed to what they said; [so] compli-
ed, and surrendered up their arms unto them, both
their guns and hatchets, &c., and were forthwith
carried to Captain Church.*

Things being so far settled, Captain Church asked
Annawon, " what he had for supper '?" " for (said he)
I am come to sup with you." " Tauhut^^ (said An-
nawon) with a big voice, and looking about upon
his women, bid them hasten and get Captain Church
and his company some supper. [He] then turned
to Captain Church and asked him whether he would
eat cow beef or horse beef 'J The Captain told him
cow beef would be most acceptable. It was soon
got ready, and pulling his little bag of salt out of
his pocket, which was all the provision he brought
with him. This seasoned his cow beef. So tiiat
with it and the dried green corn, which the old squaw
was pounding In the mortar, while they were sliding

1 [who they were]

* Mr. Hubbard differs considerably in his relation of the
taking of Annawon, from our autHr, and is much shorter.
Nothing very important seems to l»*5 omitted in this account,
excepting the date, and that Mr. Habbard omits also.

140 PHILIP'S WAft.

« *

down flie rocks, he made a very hearty supper. And
this pounding in the mortar, proved lucky for Cap^
tain Church's getting down the rocks ; for when the
old squaw poimded, they moved, and when she ceas-
ed, to turn the corn, they ceased creeping. The
noise of the mortar prevented the enemy's hearing
their creeping, and the com being now dressed, sup^
plied the want of bread, and gave a fine relish with
the cow beef.

Supper being over, Captain Church sent two of
his men to inform the other companies, that he had
killed Philip, and taken their friends in Mounthope
neck, but had spared their lives, and that he had sub^
dued now all the enemy, (he supposed) except this
company of Annawon ; and now if they would be
orderly and keep their places until morning, they
shoiild have good quarter, and that he would caVrJr
them to Taunton, where they might see their friends
again, 6lc,

The messengers returned, [and informed] that the
Indians yielded to his proposals.

Captain Church thought it was now time for him
to take a nap, having had no sleep in two days and
one night before. [So he] told his men, that if they
would let him sleep two hours, tliey should sleep all
the rest of the night. He laid himself down and en-
deavoured to sleep, but all disposition to sleep de-
parted from him.

After he had lain a little while, he looked up to
see how his watch managed, but found them all fast
asleep. Now Captain Church had told Captain An-
nawon's company, as he had ordered his Indians to
tell the others ; [namely] that their lives should all
be spared, excepting Captain Annawon's, and it was
not in his power to promise him his life, but he must
(id^y him to his masters at Plymouth, and he would
entreat them for his life.

Now when Captaik Church found not only his own
men, but all the Indians fast asleep, Annawon Only
excepted, who, he perceived, was w broad a^'^'

PHILIP'S WA*. 14>

himself; bxi4 so they lay lookitlg one upon the other,

Eerhaps an hour. Captain Church said nothing to
im, for he could not speak Indian, and thought An-
nawon could not speak English.

At length Annawoii raised himself up, cast off his
blanket, and with no more clothes thin his small
breeches, walked a little way back from the company.
Cajjtain Church thought no other but that he had oc-
casion to ease himself^ and so walked to some distance
rather than offend them with the stink. But by and
by he was gone oiut of sight and hearing, and then
Captain Church began to suspect some ill design in
him ; and got all the guns close to him, and crowd-
ed himself close under young Annawon; that if he
should anywhere get a gun, he should ^ot make a
shot at him, without endangering his son. Lying
very still awhile, waiting for the event, at length,
he heard somebody coming the same way that An-
nawon went. The moon now shining bright, he
saw him at a distance coming with sinnething in his
hands, and coming . up to Captain Church, he fell
upon his knees before him, and offered him what he
had brought, and speaking in plain English, said,
"Great Captain, you have killed Philip, and con^
quered his country ; for I believe that I and my com-
pany are the last that war against the English, so
sii^)pose the war is ended by your means ; and there-
fore these things belong unto you." Then opening
his pack, he pulled out Philip's belt,* curiously
wrought with wompom,f being nine inches broad,

«■ — .1 ■ Im.m, ^ ■ I- I I ■ I *^ ■ ■ ■! ■ .1 ■ I I II I ■ I I ■ II ■ I I I I ■ I I I ■ ■■ I ^1 ■ ■ I ■

* This belt and some other of Philip's ornaments are now
owned in a family at Swanzey, as I was infoMned by an in-
liabltant of the place.

t Wampum, or wampom, called also wampampeag ; a kind
of money m use among the Indians. It was a kind of bead
made of shells of the great conch, muscles, Sec, and curiously
wrought and polished, with a hole throueh them. Th€y
were of different colours, as black, blue, red, white and pur-

Ele ; the last of which were wrought by the Fivenations.
ix of the white, and three of the black, or blue passed for a
penny. Trumbull, Hist. U. B. I, 23. In 1667 warapom

140 naiLIPS WAR.

wio«]^;lil with bkck and white wompom, in tarious
^ures, and flowers and pfictures of many birds and
beasts. Hiis, when hanged upcHi Captain diarch's
shoulders, reached his ancles ; and another belt of
wompom he presented him with, wrought after the
former manner, which Philip was wont to put upon
his head. It had two flags on the back part,
which hung down on his back, and another small
belt with a star upon the end of it, which he used
to hang on his breast, and they were all edged with
red hair, which Annaw<m said they got in the Mo-
hog's* country. Then he pulled out two horns of
glazed powder, and a red cloth blanket. He told
Captdn Church [that] these were Philip's royalties,
which he was wont to adorn himself with, when h^
sat in state ; that he thought himself happy that he
had an opportunity to present them to Captain
Church, who had won them, &c. [They] spent ^e
remainder of the Qight in discourse. And [Captaiti
Annawon] gave an account of what mighty success
he had [had] formerly in wars against many nations
of Indians,f when he served Asuhmequin, Philip's

father, (fecj

■ ■ ■ .1 ., ■■ ■ ■ I ,t

was made a tender by law for the payment of debts " not exr
ceeding 40 shillings, at 8 white or 4 black a penny ; this was
repealed in 1671." Douglass, 1, 487.

• Mohawk's. This word is spelt Moohag on page 68. See
note 3, of page 68.

t How much it is to be lamented that Mr. €hurch did not
preserve the conversation of Annawon at this time. Notl^ag
could have added more value to his historv.

t Thus ended Mondav night 28 August. It is unaccounta*
ble that Mr. Hubbard fixes no date to this transaction, and
the more so, as he wrote so near the time that it took place.
It is not without some hesitation that the above is admitted^
on account of the disagreements in the narratives. Hub-
bard, 9S0, says that Tispaquin came in, in September, and
g laces it before the taking of Annawon, which if our author
e correct is a gross mistake. Now it is evident that it was
OB Monday ni^t from the text, and that there was a moon
not long^after dark, perhaps an boor or two. This ex-

PHIUPSWAR. , "* MS

Ib ike moflung^ as soon^Bfl* jl Was iigfH, dke Cap*
tam marched wi& his prisoners out €f that swanqpy
country towards Taunton. [He] met his Lieutenant
and company about four miles out of town, who ex*
pressed a great deal of joy to see him again, and
said, [that] it was more than ever they expected*
They went into Taunton, were civilly and kindly
treated by the inhabitants. [Here they] refreshed
and rested themselves that night.

Early next morning, the Captiun took old Anna-
\von, and half a dozen of bis Indian soldiers, and bis
own mi^i, and went to Rhodeisland ; sending the
rest of bis company, and his prisoners by his Lieu-
tenant^ to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days
upon the island, he then went to Plymouth, and car-
ried his wife and his two children with him.

Captain Church had been but a little while at
Plymouth, when, he was informed of a parcel of In-
dians who had haunted the woods between Plymoulii
and Sippican ; that did great damage to the Eng-
lish, in killing their cattle, horses, and swine. The
Captain was soon in pursuit of them. [He] went
out &om Plymouth the next Monday in the after-
noon, [and] next morning early they, discovered a
track. The Captain, sent two Indians on the track
to see what they could discover, whilst he and his
company followed gently after. But the two In-
dians soon returned with tidings, that they discover*-
ed the enemy sitting round their fires, in a thick
place of brush. When they came pretty near tfie
place, the Captain ordered every man to creep as
he did, and surround them by creeping as near as
they could, till they should be discovered, and then

aetly corresponds with tb€ date given above, because the
moon was at the full on the 26 August, and this being two
nights after, they would of coarse nave the awoA a short
time after dark.

* Mr. Jabez Howland.

144 \ J^HILIP'S WAE.

to run I — ]^ up<m tKAn? imd take them alive if
possible, (for their prisoners were Aeir pay.) They
did so, [taking]* every one* that were at the fires,
MtiOne escaping.

Upon examination they agreed in their stories,
that they belonged to Tispaquin, who was gone
with John Bump,f and one more, to Agawom| and
Sippican§ to kill horses, and were not expected
back in two or three days. ||

This same Tispaquin had been a great Captain,
and the Indians reported, that he was such a great
Pa«toau,1i that no bullet could enter him, &c. Cap-
tain Church said, [that] he would not have him kill-
ed, for there was a war** broke out in the eastem
piurt of the country, and) he would have htm saved to~
go with him to fight the eastern Indians. Agreea-
bly be left two old squaws, of the prisoners, and bid
them tarry there until their Captain, Tispaquin, re-
turned, and to tell him that Church had been there,
and had taken his wife and children, and company,
and carried them down to Plymouth, and would
spare all their lives, and his too, if he would come
down to them, and bring the, other two that w^re
with him, and they should be his soldiers, &c.

Captain Church then returned to Plymouth, leav-
ing the old squaws well provided for, and biscuit for
Tispaquin when he. returned; telling his soldiers,
that he doubted not, but he had laid a trap that

1 [on] 9 [took]

" — " — ^ ■ - - ■ ■ ■ - ■_ ■- —^^

* About 50 according to Hubbard, 281. " The place was
near Lakenham upon Pocasset neck, so full of busnes that a
man could not see a rod before him." Ibid.

t Nothing more is said of this Indian as I can find. There
are respectable white people in Middleborough by this name,
from the ancestors of whom he might have derived his name

t rWareham.) § (Rochester.)

11 This was in September. .

IT Wizard or conjurer. English writers denominate their
priests by this name.

•• An. account of this war will be given in the Appenduc.
SeeNrf.V.

PHILIP'S WA». lU

•

would take Jikn. Captain Church two days after
went to Boston, (the commissioners^ then sitting)
and waited upon the honourable Governour Leve-
rett,f who then lay sick. [He]i requested Captain
Church to give him some account of the war, who
readily obliged his honour therein, to his great satis-
facnon, as he was pleased to express himself; tak-
ing him by the hand, and telling him, fthatl if it
pleased God [that] he lived, he would make it a
brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of
the Massachusetts colony, and would endeavour that
the rest of the colonies should do proportionably.
But he died within a fortnight after, and so nothing
was done of that nature.

1 [who]

* I find no mention of any other court in Massachu-
setts at this time, than that called together the 9 August, oc-
casioned by a letter from the King, summoning the colony
to appoint commissioners to answer to the complaints of Gor-
ges and Mason, concerning boundaries, &c. See Hist.
Mass I, 230, 281. This and other business, it is probable,
kept them together until the time alluded to in our text.

t Governour John Leverett came to America with his fa-
ther m 1633, from Boston in Lincolnshire, England. He
was made deputy Governour in 1671, and in 1673, Gover-
nour. He continued in the office until his death, which, ac-
cording to our author, was in 1676. Dr. Douglass also, in
his Summary, I, 429, says that it was " in the autumn of
1676." It IS remarkable, that most, if not all, later histori-
ans place his death in 1678, on the authority of Mather, I
conclude, in my first edition of this work I followed the Bi-
ographical Dictionaries without scruple, but soon discovered
the errouf. Eliot and Allen, perhaps, followed Mather with-
out hesitation, because Hutchinson did not differ from him.

The former part of this note was written previous to the
appearance of Mr. >3avage'is edition of Winthrop's History
of Newengland. It there appears, II, 245, note 2, that a let-
ter was received 1677, from the court of England, creating
him Knight. This title was never used, which Mr. Savage
conjectures various reasons for. But if he were dead before
his appointment arrived, that is a sufficient reason. In
Snow's Hist. Boston, some account of his funeral is gir^,
but under the same date.

44^ PHILIP'S WAR.

TThe $ame day* Tispaquin came in, and those
that were with him. But when Captain Church re-
turned from Boston, he found, to his grief, the heads
of Annawon, Tispaquin, &c.,f cut off which were
the last of Philip's friends. f

^ J ■ _ i ■ — 1 — — I -*■ - -^ _ ■ -

* The same day that the trap was set.

t The full import of this &.c. is not known. We caA only
observe, that a great many others at different times were ex-
i^cuted, much to the dishonour of those concerned. Of
the numbers of those poor natives that were thus murdered,
we must remain ignorant.

J Melancholy indeed is the reflection, a nation is no more !
Thus we behold the instability of all things, acted upon by
the exterminating hand of time. The rude government of
the natives could not protect them against treachery in an
uncommon degree. Their means of support being often
scant, and many times nearly cut off, was a great inducement
to desertion to the English, where they always fared much
better. Hence Iheir first great disaster, at the swamp fight
in Narraganset, was owing to a fugitive's leading the Eng-
lish to the only assailable part of Ihe fort ; Philip fell by the
same foul treachery ; and, lastly, Annawon, wno, had he
been a Roman, Avould have been called the great. The fol-
lowing lines admirably portray the frailty of man.

** Like leaves on trees the race of man is found ;

Now green in yoiith, now withering on the ground;

Another race the following spring ^sapplies ;

They fall successive, and successive rise :

So generations in their course, decay ;

So flourish these, when those are past away." Pope'3 Homer.

The conduct of the government in putting to death " An-
nawon, Tispaquin, Stc," has ever been viewed as barbarous;
no circunjstance now made it necessary. The Indians were
subdued, therefore no example was wanting to deter others.
It is true, iSome were mentioned by the government as un-
meriting mercy ; but humanity forbade the execution of
laws formed only for the emergencies of the moment. Gov-
ernour Hutchinson observes, "Every person, almost, in the
two colonies, [Massachusetts and Plymouth] had lost a rela-
tion or near friend, and the people in general were exaspera-
ted: but all does not sufficiently excuse this great severity."
Hist. Mass. I, 277.

Mr. Hubbard, who wrote at the time does not fail to justi-
fy all the measures of government. He says that Church
promised Tispaquin an office under him, if whaf he had made

PHIUFS.WAR. * 147

Tlie general court of Plymouth then sitting, sent
for Captain Church, who waited upon them accord-
ingly, and received their thanks for his good ser-
vice, which they unanimously voted, [and] which
was all that Captain Church had for his aforesaid
service.

Afterwards, in the year 1676,* in the month of
January, Captain Church received a commission
from Governour Winslow,f to scour the woods of
some of the lurking enemy, which they were well
informed were there.

[Here followed the commission which is omitted as it is
verv similar to tliat at page 93. It bears date 15 Jan. 1676,
hut should be taken 1676-7.]

^^■^i^"^^^—^— ^—^^■^■^■■^^*'— ^^'^ — ^ ■' " ■—■■■II I I II ■■■ 11^ I I I ■ ■ I ■■■■ ■■■■■!! ■ ■■■— !■■■■

his followers believe were true, that a bullet could not kill
him. When he delivered himself up, the government
thought proper to see if it were the case ; so shot at him, and
he fell dead the first fire ! Annawon was accused of torturine
and murdering many English prisoners, " which he could
not deny," therefore he was put to death in the same manner.
Mr. Hubbard, though an eminent historian, was not free frbm
the prejudices of the times. As for us, we can only lament
the end of those heroes, and in no better language, than that
of our eminent native poet.

•* Indulge, our native land, indulge the teai
That steals impassioned o'er a nation's doom ;
To us each twig from Adam's stock is dear,
And tears of sorrow deck an Indian's tomb.'*

Dwight's Greenfield HiU.

* This was according to the old method of dating, when
the new .year did not begin until the 25 March ; therefore,
this must be understood 1677. Under the old supptttation;^
the year was often written with an additional figure, from 1
Jan. to 25 March, to represent both the old and new method ;
thus, at that time the above dale would have been properly
written 1676-7. By the inattention of authors,' sometimes
using the additional figure, and sometimes omitting it, many
anachroni>sms have been committed. Another method,
which signifies the same was often used; thus, 167y express
the same as 167(3-7. But writers frequently fell into mis-
takes by taking the wrong figure of the fraction.

t This Gentleman having managed the affairs of Plymouth
colony during thi$ troublesome war, it will be proper to give
«ome account of him at its close. He was a son of the dis-
tinguished Edward Winslow, whose name is the third t<^

148 PHiLirs war:

Accordingly Captain Church accompanied with
several gentlemen and others, went out and took

that celebrated " combination," or ^' first foundation of the
government of New Plymouth.** In 1 656, Alexander was mis-
trusted of plotting agamst the English, as has be6n mentioned
in note 1, on page 17. Mr. Winslow with 8 or XO men sur»
prised him at a hunting house where he had just arrived
with about 80 men. These having left their guns .without
Iheir house, were seized by Winslow, who then compelled
Alexander to go with him to Plymouth. This caused in him
an indignant languishmcnt, of which he died, as has been ob-
served.

When Philip's war commenced, Mr. Winslow wrote to the
Governour of Massachusetts as follows: '- July 4, 1675. I
do solemnly profess we know not any thing from us that
might put rhilip upon these motions, nor have heard that he
pretends to have suffered any wron^ from us, save only that
we had killed some Indians and intended to send for himself
for the* murder of John Sausaman [Sassamon.] The last
that was executed this week confessed that he saw the oth«r
two do the murder. Neither had we any thoughts to cocft^
mand him in about it." See note 1, on i>age £^6.

Again he writes, " I think I can clearly say, that before
these present troubles broke out, the English did not possess
one foot of land in this colony, but what was fairly obtained
by honest purchase of the Indian proprietors: Nay, because
some of our people are of a covetous disposition, and the In-
dians are in their straits easily prevailed with to pail; with
their lands, we first made a law that none should purchase
or receive by gift, any land of the Indians without the know-
ledge and allowance of our court," &c. Hubbard, 66. Thus
justice appears to have been aimed at by the leaders in gov-
ernment, from its beginning, but does not -appear to have
effectually prevented the private abuses of individuals,
which was, no doubt, impossible. The remark of Mr. Ma?^
kin I will lay before the reader that he may judge how far it
i^ correct, and whether the contrast be so great between the
treatment of the Indians in Newengland and Pennsylvania,
as to deserve what follows. (See Appendix, XIII.)

" On just «md equal terms the land was gain'd,*
No force of arras has any right obtained :
'Tis here without the use of arras, alone.
The bless'd inhabitant enjoys his own ;
Here many, to their wish, in peace enjoy
Their happy lots, and nothing doth annoy.
But sad New England's diff 'rent conduct showM
What dire effects from injur'd Indians flow'd."
* hi Pennaylvania* Makin in Proud, H, 863.

PHILIP'S WAR. 149

divers parties of Indians. In one of which there was
a certain old man, whom Captain Church seemed to
take particular notice of, and asking him where he
belonged, he told him at Swanzey. The Captain'
asked his name, he replied. Conscience. Conscience,
said the Captain, smiling, then the war is over ; for
that was what they were searching for, it being much
wanted, and returned the said Conscience to his post
again at Swanzey, to a certain person [that] the said
Indian desired to be sold to, and then returned
home.*

• Nothing very brilliant, to be sure, occurred in those expe-
ditions, if tiie author has given us the chief exploit of them
all, and we may be satisfied that we have no more of them. Mr.
Hubbard takes no notice of any actions of Church after the tak-
ing of Annawon, which had they been very important would
not have escaped his attention. He closes the war in this
cjuarter with a few interesting exploits, the chief of which
it will be proper to notice. In October one Mr. Stanton with
three Indians came from Seconet and on the way beared by
a captive, that there were a number of the enemy not far off.
The Indians leaving Mr. Stanton pursued and took them all.
Among them was an old man not able to go their pace, and
they spared his life by his promising to come after. It ap-
pears that tho^e taken, were mostly women and children,
whose men were out a hunting. They soon returned, and the
old man informed them of what had befel their friends, and
they set out k^ pursuit of them, overtook them, and retook
the prisoners. One friendly Indian was killed in the skir-
mish, and the other two hardly escaped. One of these was
called Major Symon, part Pequot and part Narracanset;
He was remarkable for nis strength and courage, anaat the
first, offered to fight any five of the enemy hand to hand with
their hatchets, but they declined ; upon which he discharged
his gun among them, and then rushed upon them with great
fury, broke through them, and escaped with the other, with-
out injury. Hubbard, 287, 238.

J3*

^'--

[TUB

FRENCH AND INDIAN

WARS

NEWEjrGl,AND,

BETWEEN THE YEARS 1G89, A.MD 1704 J
being] a rORTRER ACCOITNT OF THX 4CTT0HS IS THS HOK*

CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHURCH.

In tli€ lime of Sir Edmund Andross'* governmetii,
tiegan tliat bloody war in the eastern parts of New-
(?ngland ; so that immediately Sir Edmund sent an

' AixlroBS was sent oter as Goyeroour of the proTince of

Wewyork, in 1674, by the Duke of York. Was appointtd

Govcmour of Newengland, and arrived in Boston, 20 De-

(Member 1684. Smith, Hist. N. Y. 63, gives a wry just idea

ftf bis character in a very few words. "He knew no lai*,

but the will of his muter, and Kirk and JeSeries were not

titter inttniments than he to execute the despoltck projects

of Jimeg n." And that "the historians of Newengland

■ "' " '■ lo posterity, under the odious character

ol to the Duke, anil an arbitrary tyrant

nitted to bis care," He was checked in

,>resuve measures by Ihe abdicatioD of

had been expected by the colonies, and

The people of Boston ana report of the

nni,l without wuiling for its confirmation,

ciiilulion in Neweugland. Andro=sand

Lious persons were seized, and the olit

Rovernment reassumtd. He was afterwarda Go*ernour of

Tirsioia, and we hear but little more atioiit him. He died

in toddon, Feb. 24, HIS. Holinci, I, ■175. His life is more

particularly given by EJiot, but larger and better hy Allen.

FRISNCH AND INDIAK WAM. 151

cmpiess fot Captam Chnrdtty who tfaei) bemg al Lillle-
coiiq»ton, received it oti a Lord's day, in the aftef-
Aoon meeting* . Going hcxae after meeting, [he] to<A
Ms horse and set oat for Boston, as ordered ; and by
sQimse next morning, got to Braintree,^ vrhere he
met with Colonel Page on horseback, going to Wey*
mouth and Hingham to raise forces to go east. [He]^
said [that] he was glad to see hiiir, aird that hts ex*
cellency would be as glad to see hii^ in Boston so
early. So pu'ting he soon got to Boston, and waited
upon his excelleney, who informed him of an unhap*
py war, broken out in the eastern parts ; and said,
[that] he was going himself in person, and .that he
wanted his company with him. But Captain Church
not finding himself in the same spirit he used to have,
&»id, [that] he hoped his excellency would give hkn
time to consider of it. He told him he might ; and
also said that he must come and dine with him.
Captain Church having many acquaintance in Boston,
who made it their business, some to encourage, and
others to discourage him from going with his excel-
lency. So after dinner his excellency took him into
his room, and discoursed freely ; saying, that he hav-
ing knowledge of his former actions and successes,
and that he must go with him, and be his second,
with other encouragements. But in short, the said
Captain Church did not accept, so was dismissed and
went home.f

i[who]

* Formerly mount WoUaston. Its Indian name wasWes-
sagosset. It is about 10 miles from Boston, and is renowned
as the birth place of John Adams, second President of the
U. States, whose life and death add so much veneration to
the auspicious Fourth of July.

Though the residence of the President is nearly 4 miles
h(fm what was mount Wollaston, and in the present town of
Qmincy, yet it is believed, that it was anciently included
inr it. « .

t Notwithstanding, Andross undertook an eastern ex(>edi-
ti<m at the head of 7 or 800 men, and. the «nemy i^d foe%!e

IM FRENCH AND INDIAN WAW5.

Soon after this was the irevolutioiiy* aod the other
government reassumed, and then Govemour Bract-
•treetf sent for Captain Church to come to Bost<^9
as soon as his business would permit ; whereupon be
went to Boston and waited upon his honour, who UM
him [that] he was requested by the council to send
for hun, to see if he could be prevailed with to raise

him. " But, by establishing garrisons, by detaching nume-
rous parties, to attack their settlements, and destroy their
scanty proyi&'ons, he reduced them to the greatest distreflB,
and secured the country from their incursions." Holmes, I,
474. But he did as much mischief, or perhaps more than he
did good. He plundered Castine's house, a Frenchman,
w}io had great influence among the Indians, which caused
him to stir them up anew. Belknap, I, 196.

* The change of government at home being mentioned in
a preceding note it will be necessary here to take notice on-
ly of its origin. King James II., in his efforts to establish
popery, overthrew himaelf. He jiUblished certain declara-
tions, with injunctions upon the clergy to read them to the
people after service, which they refused. The Bi^ops in
an address to the King, remonstrated that they coulci not
read his declarations consistent with their consciences ^ and
they were immediately prosecuted for a seditious libel. The
people took great interest in their trial, and when they were
acquitted the rejoicing was almost universal. At this veiy
juncture, while the people were enraged a^nst the King,
William, Prince of Orange, who had married Mary, eldest
daughter of King James, landed in England with an im-
mense army from Holland, and were proclaimed without
opposition. The old King with much difficulty effected his -
escape to France. Goldsmith's Hist. England.

t Simon Bradstreet was born in Lincolnshire, England, in
March 1603, and lived to be the oldest man in Newengland.
After marrying a daughter of Thomas Dudley, he was per-
suaded to make a settlement in Massachusetts. In 1630 he
was chosen assistant of the colonv, and arrived at Salem the
same year. He was in several important offices, and at
length succeeded Govemour Leverett in the chief magis-
tracy of Massachusetts, in which office he continued until the
arrival of Andross, when he was superseded ; but AndrosS)
in 1689, being put down, Mr. Bradstreet asain assumed the
government, and continued in it until the arrival of Sir
William Phips, in 1693. He died in Salem, March J697,
*i;ed 94 years. Allen, a^d.EUQt,

^EKCH AND INIHAN WAM. 1 53

TohmteerS) botfi Englieh and Indiaiis to go east ; for
the eastward Indians had done great spoil upon the
English in those parts ; giving him an account of the
miseries «nd suiTerings of the people there. Captain
Cbcrrch's spirits being afiecte^, said, if he could do
any service for his honour, the country^ and their re-
lief, he was ready and willing. He was asked how
he would act*? He said [that] he would take with
him as many of his old soldiers as he could get, botli
Ei^lish and Indians, &c. The gentlemen of Boston
lequested him to go to Rhodeisland government to
ask their assistance. So giving him their letter, and
about forty shillings in money, he took leave and
went home to Bristol^ on a Saturday ; and tlie next
MoiKlay naorning he went over to Rhodeisland, and
wafted upon their Grovemour,f delivering the letter
as ordered, [and] prayed his honour for a speedy an-
swer, who said, ihey could not give an answer pre-
sently ; so he waited on them till he had their answer.
And when he had obtained it, he carried it to tlie
Boston gentlemen, who desired him to raise what vo-
lunteers ho could in Plymouth colony, and Rhode-
island government, and what was wanting they would
make up out of theirs that were already out in the
eastern parts.

The summer being far spent, Captain Church made
what despatch he could, and raised about two hun-
dred and fifty men, volunteers, and received his com-
mission from Govcrnour Hinkleyt which is as fol-
loweth, viz. :

♦ He settled at Bristol soon after Philip's war. See his life
page xr.

t We may infer from Judge Sewall's diary, in Holmes, I,
468, that one Clark was the Governour of fehodeisland in
1686, on the arrival of Andross. who of course was displaced.
But in May of this year, 1689, it was resumed, and all the ge-
neral officers replaced. Ihid. 476. I have not even learned his
baptismal name. A good history of Rhodeisland is a very
desii*able work.

{ Thomas Hinkley was bom about the year 1632. I find
no mention of him, until he assumed the government, or

154 PftEKCH AN]> INDIAN WAASt

'< T%e Cmmcaqf Wm €f their Mc^esHes' cetamf:^
Nho Plymouth in Mewengland: To Mc^or Btme-
jamin Churchy Commander in Chi^,
Whereas the K^inebeck and eastern lodians witii
their confederates, have openly made war upcm tbeir
Majesties' subjects of the province of Maine, New-
ham]>shire, and of the Massachusetts colony, having
eommitted many barbarous murders, spoils- and ra-
pines upon their persons and estates^ And whereas
there are some forces of soldiers, English and ia«
dians, now raised and detached out of the several
regiments and places within this colony of New
Plymouth, to go forth to the assistance of o«r neigh*
hours and friends, of the aforesaid provinces and
colony of the Massachusetts, subjects of one and
the same crown ; and to join with their forces for the
repelling and destruction of the common enemy.
And whereas you Benjamin Church, are appointed
to be Major, and commander in chief of all the for-
ces, English and Indians, detached within this colony,
for the service of their Majesties aforesaid. THESE
are in their Majesties' name to authorize and require
you to take into your care and conduct all the said
forces, English and Indians, and diligently to attend
that service, by leading and exercising of your infe-
riour officers and soldiers, commanding them to obey
you as their chief commander ; and to pursue, fight,
take, kill, or destroy the said enemies, their aiders
and abettors, by all the ways and means you can, as
you shall have opportunity. And you are to observe
and obey all such orders and instructions as from
time to time you shall receive from the commission-
ers of the colonies, the council of war of this colony,
or the Governour and council of the Massachusetts

rather the presidency of Plymouth colony after the fall of
Andross, the Caligula of Newengland, in 1689. He continu-
ed in this office until 1692, when Sir William Phips arrived.
He died at Barnstable, in 1706, aged about 74 years. Mor-*
iton^ 209, Hutchinson, II, 141.

FRBNCH AKD INDUN WARa I5S

coteliy. In testimony whereof the ptiUiek fi^ftl 'i9t
the said colony of New Plymouth is hereimto affixed^
Dated in Plymouth, the sixth day of Septemb^,
Anno Domini, 16B9. Jinnoqtte Regni Regis et Regt-
9UB WiSidmi et Maria Anglite^ ^c, Primo.*

THOMAS HINKLEY, Prmdwrf/'

And now marching them all down to Boston, then
leoeived his further orders and instructions, which
vat as foiloweth.

''Boston^ September 16th, 1689.
To aU Sheriffiy Marshals j Constables, and other
t^fficers, mUiiary and civU, in their Monties* fro*
vines of Maine.

Whereas pursuant to an agreement of the com-
missioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjamin
Church is commissionated commander in chief over
that part of their Majesties' forces, (levied for the

f)resent expedition against the common enemy) whose
lead quarters are appointed to be at Falmouth, in
Casco bay. In their Majesties' names, you, and
every of you, are required to be aiding and assisting
to the said Major Church in his pursuit of the etie-
my, as any emergency shall require ; and so impiiess
boats or other vessels, carts, carriages, horses, oxen,
provision and ammunition, and men for guides, &c.,
as you shall receive warrants from the said Com-
mander in chief, or his Lieutenant so to do. You
may not fail to do the same speedily and effectually,
as you will answer your neglect and contempt of
their Majesties' authority and service at your utter-
most peril. Given under my hand and seal the dirjr

* That is. And of the reign of the King and Queen,'Wit*
Uomund Mary of iSngland^ <$*o., the first.

156 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAfiSi

wd year' above written. .Sfinoque IUg$d R$gi9 ei
RegifUB WiUiemi et Marue Primo.

By THOMAS DANFORTH,*

President of the province of Maine.^^

<' By the Govemour and Council of MasaachuieUs :
To Major Benjamin Church.

Whereas you are appointed and commissioned
by the council of war, of the colony of New*Ply-
mouth, commander in chief of the forces raised with-
in the said colony, against the common Indian ene-
my, now ordered into the eastern parts to join with
some of the forces of this colony ; for the prosecu-
tion, repelling and subduing of the said enemy. It
is therefore ordered that Captain Simon Willard,
and Captain Nathaniel Hall, with the two companies
of soldiers under their several commands, blonging
to this colony, now in or about Casco bay, be, and
are hereby put under you, as their commander in
chief for this present expedition. And of the com-
missions severally given to either of them, they are
ordered to observe and obey your orders and direc-
tions as their commander in chief until further order
from the Governour and council, or the commission-
ers of the colonies. Dated in Boston the 17th day
of September, Anno Domini, 1 698. Annoque Regni

• This gentleman was born in England 1622. He was a
man of influence, which he employed to good account in the
.difficult days of Newengland. In 1679 he was elected depu-
ty Grovernour, and the same year, the inhabitants of the
province of Maine chose him their President, On the arri-
val of the tyrant, Andross, he was suspended from office.
He died in 1699, aged 77 years. Nothing more honourable,
perhaps, can be said of him, considering the age in which he
lived, than, that he opposed with firmness the proceedings of
those courts, which caused such a foul page in our history by
their detestable prosecutions and persecutions for wUcherufi^
See Allen, Biog. 240.

FRSNCH AND INDUN WARS. 167

^^ et Begina WuiUdmi et MaruBj An/^, ^.,
Primo.

S. BRADSTREET, Gm.

Past in CoundL Attest^ Isaac Addingtony* SecrJ**

^^By the Commissioners of the Colonies of the Mas-
sachfosMs^ Plymouth and Connecticut, for manag-
ing the present war against the common enemy.

Instructionsybr Major Benjamin CHURCH,Comma/i-
der in Chief of the Plymouth forces, with others
of the Massachusetts, put under his command.

In pursuance of the commission given you, for
their Majesties' service in the present expedition
against the common Indian enemy, their aiders and
abettors ; reposing confidence in your wisdom, pru-
dence and fidelity in the trust committed to you for
the honour of God, good of his people, and the se-
curity of the interest of Christ in his churches, ex-
pecting and praying that in your dependence upon
him, you may be helped and assisted with all that
grace and wisdom which is requisite for carrying
you on with success in this difficult service ; and
though much is and must be left to your discretion,
as providence and opportunity may present from
time to time in places of attendance ; yet the fol-
lowing instructions are commended unto your ob-
servation, and to be attended to so far as the state
of matters with you in such a transaction will admit.
You are with all possible speed to take care that the

■1^1 . _■ - I !■■ I I ■ . H - ~ ■■■■ -- _^^_^_^^_

* Mr. Addington ^vas one of those who took a very active
part in opposition to the tyrannical measures of Andross.
On the accession of William and Mary he was appointed Sec-
retary, which office he discharged with integrity for some
time/ It seems that in those days, as well as at the present,
(yffiee seekers were not entirely unknown, but, "the emoliH
nients of that office were small, compared with the duty, and
so he was in less danger of a competitor." He belonged to
the council for many yescrs, and was respected as a justice
of the peace for wisdom and industry. He died in 1714.

15S FEENCH AND INDIAN WARft

Pljrtnottih forces, bo^h English and Indimnfl wdtr
your comntand, be fixed, and ready, and the first op-
portunity of wind and weather, to go on board such
vessels as are provided to transport you and them
to Casco, where, if it slmll please God you arrive,
you are to take under your care SBd conunand, the
companies of Captain Nathaniel Hall, and Captain
Simon Willard, who are ordered to attend your com-
mand, whom, together with the Plymouth forces,
and such as from time to time may be added unto
you, you are to improve in such way as you shall
see meet, for the discovering, pursuing, subduing
and destroying the said common enemy, by all op^
portunities you are capable of; always intending the
preserving of any of the near towns from incursions,
and destruction of the enemy ; yet chiefly improving
your men for the finding and following the said
enemy abroad, and if possible to find out and attack
their head quarters and principal rendezvous, if you
find you are in a rational capacity for so doing.
The better to enable you thereto, we have ordered
two men of war sloops, arid other small vessels for
transportation to attend you for some considerable
time. You are to see that your soldiers' arms be
always fixed and that they be furnished with ammu-
nition, provisions and other necessaries, that so they
may be in readiness to repel and attack the enemy.
In your pursuit you are to take special care to avoid
danger by ambushments, or being drawn under any
disadvantage by the enemy in your marches, keep-
ing out scouts and a forlorn hope before your main
body, and by all possible means endeavouring to
surprise some of the enemy, that so you may gain
intelligence. You are to suppress all mutinies and
disorders among your soldiers, as much as in you
lies, and to punish such as disobey your oflScers, ac-
cording to the rules of war herewith given you.

You are according to your opportunity, or any
occasion, more than ordinary occurring, to hold cor-

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR& 159

Tesp<mdeBee with Mqor Swaine, and to yield mutual
assistance when, and as you are capable of it, and
you nmy have reason to judge it will be of most
]HibIick service, and it will be meet, [that] you and
he should agree of some signal, whereby your In*
dians may be known from the enemy. You are to
encourage your soldiers to be industrious, vigorous,
and venturous in their service, to search out and
destroy the enemy, acquainting them, it is agreed
by the several colonies, that they shall have the
benefit of the captives, and all lawful plunder, and
the reward of eight pounds per head, for every
fighting Indian man slain by them, over and above
their stated wages ; the same being made appear to
the commander in chief, or such as shall be appoint-
ed to take care therein. If your commission officers,
or any of them should be slain, or otherwise incapa-
ble of service, and for such reason dismissed, you
arc to appoint others in their room, who shall have
the like wages, and a commission sent upon notice
given ; you [are] to give thepa commissions in the
mean time. You are to take effectual care that *"
worship of God be kept up in the army ; moi
and evening prayer attended as far as may
as the emergencies of your affairs will ^mit ; to
see that the holy Sabbath be duly sanctified. You
are to take care as much asmay be, to prevent or
punish drunkenness, swearing, cursing or such other
sins as do provoke the anger of God. You are to
advise with your chief officers in any matters of
moment, as you shall have opportunity. You are
from time to time to give intelligence and advice to
the Governour and council of the Massachusetts, or
commissioners of the colonies, of your proceedings
and occurrences that may happen, and how it shall
please the Lord to deal with you in this present ex-
pedition. If you find the vessels are not likely to
be serviceable to you, dismiss them as soon as you
may.

s m me
thatji»

noisKK
be, and

1§0 FREKKJH AND INDIAN WAR*

Captain Sylvanus Davis is a pradentman and well
acquainted with the affairs of those parts, and is
written unto to advise and inform you all he can.

Such further instructions as we shall see reasoB
to send unto you, you are carefiiUy to attend and
observe ; and in the absence of the commissioners,
you shall observe the orders and instructions direct-
ed unto you from the Governour and council of the
Massachusetts.

Given under our hands in Boston, Sept. 18, 1689.

THOMAS DANFORTH» PreaidetU'

ELISHA COOKE,

SAMUEL MASON,

WILUAM PITKIN,

THO. HINKLEY,

JOHN WALLEY."

THE FIRST EXPEDITION EAST.

Being ready, Major C)iurch embarked with his
forces on board the vessels provided to transport
for Casco.* Having a brave gale at south*
and on Friday about three p'clock, they got
l^hi of Casco harbour. And discovering two or
three small ships there, [and] not knowing whether
they were friends or enemies, whereupon the said
commander, Major Church, gave orders that every
man that was able should make ready, and all lie close ;
giving orders how they should act in case they were
enemies. He, going in the Mary sloop, together with
the Resolution, wenj in first, being both well fitted
with guns and men. ■ Coming to the first, hailed
them, who said they were friends ; presently man-
ned their boat, brought to, and so came along the

^^■IM ■ I ■ ■■! ■ ■■ ■ ■■ ■■■ I- ■■■■■ ■ill IPIl ^— .^I^^^M— ^^^ii^ I I ■■■■II ■ — ^— — ^i^M^

• What was since included in the towna of Falmouth, Cape
Elizabeth and Portland, was called Casco. It is situated on
Casco bay. This bay at its entrance between Cape Por-
poise and Cape Elizabeth is about 40 miles wide. Sullivan's
Hist. Maine, 18. In Philip's war depredations were com-
mitted here by the savages and many were killed. lb. 193,

IPKEWCH AND INDIAN WAS& l«l

«de of [hfim.]^ [They]* gave the said Church aa
account, that yesterday there was a very great army
of Indians, and French with them upon the island,*
at the going out of the harbour, and that they were
come on purpose to take Casco fort and town ; j like-
tvise informed him that they had got a captive wo-
man aboard, (Major Walden's J daughter,of Piscata-

1 [them.] 2 [who]

^ There are about 300 islands in Casco bay. What the
name of this was I have not learned.

t Is this the " body of 600 Indians,'' mentioned by Bcl-
l^nap, N. H. I, 267, that were going to attack Casco .^ I do
not find any thing like it in the place it should be. He cites
" Church's memoirs, 104," perhaps he used the first edition
of this history, as no mention of any thing of the kind is seen
in the seconn. In touching upon the operations under Church
in 1704, he says, '* while tney were at Mountdesert Church
learned from 9 of his prisoners" of the body of Indians just
named. It will be seen in the Fifth Expedition^ Ihat jLa-
faure's son informed Church at Montinicus, of some French
and Indians " that were to go westward to fight the Eng*
lish," but nothing of the kind took place at Mountdesert^
nor any information from " 9 prisoners," or that the expedi-
tion was to attack Casco.

f Waldron is now the correct way of writing this name.r
Hubbard wrote it as our author does, but more frequently
with an r after the e. Some other historians put the r before
the ^5 so we are at a loss how the n^me was originally spelt.

Major Richard Waldron was a natire of ^mersetshire^
JEngland, and was one of the first settlers at Cochecho^ now
Dover, Newhampshire. The tragical death of this noted
man is given by Dr. fielknap, Hist. N. H. 1, 197, 19S ; but as
that excellent work is not in the hands of many, it may be

iiroper to give the particulars in this place% At the close of
*hiiip's war, many of the western Indians fled to the east-
ward. Some of them, with others of Pennacook and Pig-
wocket, had assembled at Major Waldron's with whom they
l)ad lately treated. Captains Syll and Hawthorne, being
despatched by the Massachusetts' government against the
Indians on the Kennebeck, arrived there with their men,
under orders to seize all Indians that had been concerned in
the war. They were about to execute their orders by seiz-
ing these Indians, but Maj. Wa^idron fof med the design of
taking them in a sham training, which he had invited iheOk

14* .

162 PilEN€H AND INDIAN WAR&

qua) that could give him a fall account of th^ir
numbers and intentions. He bid them give his ser-

to join in. Accordingly all were taken, in number about 400.
Those that were not ^und to have been in the former war
were dismissed, and the rest were sent to Boston. About 8
or 10 were hanged as murderers, and the re$t sold into slave-
ry. This was the latter part of 1676. Now 13 years had
expired, but revenge remained in the breasts of those tribes
whose friendshad been so cruelly treated. They therefore
formed the design to destroy all the garrisons at Cochecho,
which was thus artfully concerted. Two squaws were to
get permission to lodge in each, and after all was still in
the dead of night, they were to open the doors for their
friends. . No fear was discovered among the English, and
ttie squaws were admitted. One of those admitted into
Waldron's garrison, reflecting, perhaps, on the ingratitude
«he was about to be guilty of, thought to warn the Major of
his danger. She pretended to be ill, and as she lie on the
floor would turn herself from side to side, as though to ease
herself of pain that she pretended to have. While in this
exercise she began to sing arid repeat the following verse.

" O Major Waldo,
You great Sagamore,
O what will you do,
Indians at your door!"

No alarni was taken at this, and the doors were opened
according to their plan, and the enemy rushed in with great
fury. They found the Major's room as he leaped out of bed, -
but with his sword he drove them through two or tliree
rooms, and as he turned lo get some other arms, he fell stun-r
ned by a blow with the hatchet. They dragged him into
his hall and seated him on a table in a great chair, and then
began to cut his flesh in a shocking manner. Some in turns
gashed his naked breast, saying, '* I cross out my account."
Then cutting a joint from a finger, wpuld say, " Will yo«r
fist weigh a pound now?"* His nose and ears were then cut
off and forced into his mouth. He soon fainted, and fell froni
his seat, and one held his own sword under him, which pas-
sed through his body, and he expired. The family were
forced to provide them a supper while they were murdering

the

'*' It is a tratlttion concerning Major Waldron, that he used in trading
v\'(th the Indians, to count his fist as weighing a pound, also that his ao-
trounts were &i)se and not crossed out according to agreement. But in
justice to the Major* it should be remembered, that strange Indians, who
thought them«e!ves injured by one Englishman, would take revenge ott tl>e
first that fell into their hands.

!'.i>i

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 163

vice to their captain, and tell him, [that] he w(Md
wait upon him after he had been on shore and given
some orders and directions. Being come pretty
near^ he ordered all the men still to keep close ;.
giving an account of the news [which] he had re-
ceived, and then went ashore; where were seve-
ral of the chief men of the town, who met him, be-
ing glad that he came so happily to their relief;
told him the news [that] Mrs. Lee* had given them,
being the woman aioresaid.

He [went]^ to Captain Davis,f to get some refresh-
ment, having not eaten a morsel since he came by
Bdston castle. And now having inquired into the
state of the town, found them in a poor condition to
defend themselves against such a number of enemies.
He gave them an account of his orders and instruc-
tions, and told them what forces he had brought, and

^ [going]

the Major. This was on Thursday 27 June, 1689. Major
Waldron was 80 years old when killed. Fifty two persons
were killed, and taken captive, of the former were 23. M9.
Recc^lections.

• Daughter of Major Waldron, as mentioned above. She
was taken the same time her father was killed, as related in
the last note. Her husband's name was Abraham Lee, who
was killed when the garrison was taken.

,t Ciaiptain Sylvanus Davis, the same mentioned in the pre-
ceding instructions. By Hutchinson, II, 21, it appears
that he was once taken prisoner and carried to Canada, and
that he commande^d the ibrt at Casco from which he was ta-
ken, which, I suppose, was in 1690 ; for in that year the
eonatry upon the bay was desolated. There were a number
of rarrisons, and a fort, but were all taken. Captain Davis
witn one Captain Lake were besieged on Arrowsike island
in 1676, but effected their escape out of the back door of a
'liGlise, and ran to the water's edge, and in a boat fled to the
nearest land. Capt. Lake was shot down as he landed, but
Daris escaped with a wound. The body of Lake was after-
ward Ibuna, and conveyed away l^ Major Waldron. Da-
vis, on the arrival of Gov. Phi|»% in 1692, was aMointed one
of the counsellors for the eastern country. How long he con-
tinued in that office is not known to me, but by Sullivan; 167,
It appears that he sustained it in 1701.

164 vBsmn Axm inbun waim.

tiiftt wheil it was dark they should all land, and BOt
be^re, lest the enemy should discover them. And
then he went on board the privateer [whicK was a
Dutchman.]' But as he went, called on board every
vessel, and ordered the officers to take care that their
men might be all fitted and provided to %ht ; for
the people of the town expected the enemy to fall
upon them every minute. But withal, charging them
to keep undiscovered.

And, coming on board said privateer, was kindly^
treated. [He] discoursed [with] Mrs. Lee, who in*
formed him, that the company she came with, had
four s<iore canoes^ and that there were more of them j <%
whom she had not seen, which came from other pla-
ces, and that they told her, when they came all tOf
gether, should make up a^even hundred men. He-
asked her whether Casteen* was with them*? She
answered, that there were several French men witti

2 [who were Dutchmen]

■ I !■ 1^—.— I I — ■.. — — ■ ■■■■I. ■ ■■^11 ■■■^ III II I I 1 . 1 I I ■ » ■■ ■ ■■■■»^ll.» ■■ ■ ..IWI^ ■!! — ■^^^■Pl^*

* Baron De St. Castine, a very extraordinary character.
According to Voltaire and the Abbe Raynal he had been
Colonel of the regiment of Corignon, in France, and was a ' i

man of family ahd fortune. He came to America in 1670, - I

and settled among the Penobscot Indians ; married a daugh-
ter of the chief, and had several other wives. By the treaty
of Breda, the territory beyond the Penobscot was ceded to
France, and Castine lived within that country. Some diffi-
culty arose about a cargo of wine, whicH was landed in the ,
country, and a new line was run by ^e English, by which I
the place of landing, together with Castine's lands, was ta- I
ken within the English claim. Andross, in his expedition
before named, plundered Castine's house of every thing valu-
able in his absence. This base act so exasperated him, that
he used his exertions to in^ame the Indians against the Eng-^
lish, which he effectually did, and their chief supplies of
arms and ammunition were furnished by him. He had an
estate in France, to which he retired when the French lost
their possessions in that part of the country. See Sullivan's !
Hist. 93, 158, 226. H st. N. H. I, 1?5, 196. If we name '
this war from those that occasioned it, we may call it Caa- j
tine's war. But the French, perhaps, would call it Andross'
war.

FRENCH AND INOIAN WARa 165

tb^n, but did not know whethelr Casteen was there
or BOt. He then having got what intelligence she
could give him, went ashore and viewed the fort and
town ; discoursing with the gentlemen there accord-
ing to his instructions.

And when it began to grow dark, he ordered the
vessels to come as near the fort as might be, and land
the soldiers with as little noise as possible ; ordering
them as they landed to go into the fort and houses,
that stood near, that so they might be ready upon
occasion. Having ordered provisions for them, [he]
went to every company and ordering them to get
every thing ready ; they that bad no powderhorns or
diotbags, should immediately make them ; ordering
the officers to take special care that they were ready
to march into the woods an hour before day ; and
ako directing the watch to call him two hours be-
fore day. So he hastened to bed to get some rest.

At the time prefixed he was called and presently
CH'dering the compsmies to make ready, and about
half an hour before day they moved. Several of the
town's people went with them into a thick place, of
brush about half a mile frctfn the town. Now order-
ing Ihem.to send out their scouts as they used to do,
and seeing them all settled, at their work, he went in-
to town by sunrise again, and desired the inhabitants
to take care of themselves, till his men had fitted
themselves with some necessaries ; for his Indians,
most of them, wanted both bags and horns. So he
ordered them to make bags like wallets, to put pow^
der in one end, and shot in the other.

So most of them were ready for action, viz., tte
Seconet Indians, but the Cape Indians were very
bare, lying so long at Boston before .they embarked,
that they had sold every thing [thgit] they could make
a penny />f; some t)ring shot and powder in the. cor-
ners of their blankets.

He being in town, just going to breakfast, there
was an alarm; so he orderetl all the soldiers in town to

IW FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

move away as fast as they could, where die firiiifi[
was. And he, with what men more were with him of
his soldiers, moved immediately. [They tneij} with
Captain Bracket's* sons, who told [them that,]* their
father was taken ; and that they saw a great army of
Indians in their father's orchard, &c. By this time
our Indians that wanted bags and horns were fitted,
but wanted more ammunition. Presently came a
* messenger to him from the town, and informed him,
that they had knocked out the heads of several casks
of bullets, and they were all too big, being musket
bullets, and would not fit their guns, and that if he
did not go back himself, a great part of the army
would be kept back from service for want of suitable
bullets.

He ran back and ordered every vessel to send
ashore all their casks of bullets; being brought,
[they] knocked out their heads, and turned them all
out upon the green by the fort, and set all the peo-
ple in the town, that were able, to make slugs; being

} [and meeting] l [him]

* Captain Anthony Bracket, an early settler on Casco bay,
where his posterity yet remain. Notice is taken by SuUivaB,
116, that tne family were considerable landholders in Fal-
mouth, between the years 1680, and 1690, under a title of
the government, signed by president Danforth. lb. 196, 197.
When Casco was destroy ea in 1676, Captain Bracket with
his wife and <me child was taken by the savages. This was
on the 1 1 August, and the November following they made,
their escape. Those that had them prisoners, landed them
on the north shore of the bay, and here their keepers had in-
telligence of a valuable house, taken by another party, the
^ff& of which they were eager to share ; therefore, leaving
Bracket, his wife and child, and a negro, with some provi-
sions, who promised that they would come after, and depart-
ed. They found an old birch canoe, in which they escaped
to the other side of the bay, where, only the day before the
enem^ 4ad left. Here they got on board a vessel bound t»
PasQata^^ua, where they arrived safe. Hubbard, $93 to 396.
What time Bracket returned to his lands does not appear.
When Andross erected forts there in ldS8, Captain Brack*
#t wiig put in command of three. Sullivan, S60,

FRENCH AND INDUN WARS* 167

most of them too large for their use, which had like
to have been the overthrow of their whole army.
He finding some small bullets, and what slugs were
made, and three knapsacks of powder, went imme-
diately to the army, which was very hotly engaged.
But coming to the river the tide was up ; he c^led
to his men that were engaged, encouraging them,
and told them [that] he had brought more ammuni-
tion for them. An Indian, called Captain Lightfoot,^
laid down his gun, and came over the river, taking
the powder upon his head, and a kettle of bullets in
each hand, and got safe to his fellow soldiers.

He perceiving great firing upon that side he was
of, went to see who they were, and found them to be
two of Major Church's companies, one of English
and the odier of Indians, being in all about four score
men, that had not got over the river, but lay firing
over our men's heads at the enemy. He presently
ordered them to rally, and come all together, and

Save the word for a Casco man. So one Swarton, a
ersey man,f appearing, whom he could hardly un-
derstand. He asked him how far it was to the head
of the river, or whether there were any place to get
over ? He said [that] there was a bridge about three
ciuarters of a mile up, where they might get over.
So he calling to his soldiers, engaged on the other
nde, that he would soon be with them over Hiie
bridge, and come upon the backs of the enemy,
which put new courage into them. So they imme-
diately moved up towards the bridge,marching very
thin ; being willing to make what show they could ;
shouting as they marched. They saw the enemy
running from the river side, where thev had made
stands with wood to prevent any body from coming
over the river ; and coming to the bridge, thejiflNiw
<m the other side, that the enemy had laid logs, and

* See nole 9 on page 100.
t Afi Irishman.

* .

16© FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS;

slack birch brush along to hide themselves from our

view.

He ordered the compajiy to come altogether, bid-
ding them all to run after him, who would go first ;
a^d that as soon as they got over the bridge, to scat-
ter ; that so they might not be all shot down to-
gether; expecting the enemy to be at their stands.
So running up to the stands, found none there, but
were just gone; the ground being much tumbled
with them behind the said stands. He ordered
the Captain with his company of English to march
down to our men, engaged, and that they should keep
along upon the edge of the marsh, and himself, with
his Indian soldiers, would march down through the
brush. And coming to a parcel of low ground,
which had been formerly burnt, the old brush being
fallen down, lay very thick, and the young brush
being grown up, made it bad travelling. But com-
ing near the back of the enemy, one of his men call*
ed unto him, (their commander) and said, " The ene-
my run westward to get between us and the bridge."
And he looking that way, saw men running ; and
making a small stop, heard no firing, but a great
chopping with hatchets ; so concluding the fight was
over, made the best of their way to the bridge again ;
lest the enemy should get over the bridge into the
town.

The men being most of them out, (our anununi-
tion lay exposed) [and] coming to the bridge where
he left six Indians for an ambuscade on the other side
of the river, that if any enemy offered to come over,
they should fire at them, which would give him notice ;
so would come to their assistance. (But in the way,
having heard no firing, nor shouting, concluded the
enemy were drawn off.) He asked the ambuscade
whether they saw any Indians'? they said "Yes,
abundance.*' He asked them where ^ They answer-
ed, that they ran over the head of thft river by the

FRENCH AND mDIAN WA1U5. 169

cedar swamp, and were rimuing into the neck to-
wards the town.

There being but one Englishman with him, he bid
his Indian soldiers scatter, [and] run very thia^ to
preserve themselves and be the better able to make
a discovery of the enemy. And soon coming to
Lieutenant Clark's* field, on the south side of the
neck, and seeing the cattle feeding quietly, and per*
ceiving no track, concluded the ambuscade had told
them a falsehood. They hastily returned back to
the said bridge, perceiving [thatj there was no noise
of die enemy.

He hearing several great guns fire at the town,
concluded that they were either assaulted, or that
they had discovered the enemy ; [ — Y having order-
ed tliat in case such should be, that they should fire
some of their great guns to give him notice. He
being a stranger to the country, concluded [that] the
enemy had, by some other way, got to the town ;
whereupon he sent his men to the town, and himself
going to the river, . near where the fight heui been,
asked them how they did, and what was become of
the enemy '? [They]^ informed him that the enemy
drew off in less than an hour after he left them, and
liad not fired a gun at them since. He told them
[that] he had been within little more than a gun
shot of the back of the enemy, and had teen upon
them, had it not been for thick brushy ground, &c.
Now some of his men returning from the town,
gave him the account, that they went while they saw
1 [He] 2 [Who]

* The name of Clark occurs early among the first claimers
of the soil in this part of the country. To Thomas Clark
^ and Roger Spencer, was sold the island of Arrowseag, as the
' Indians called it, but the, English, Arrowsike. It appears^
also that Clark possessed lands on the main, from whence he
was driven in 1675. Sullivan, 145, 169,173. This if not
the same may be a relative. Mather, Mag., 524, informs us,
that one Lieut. Clark was killed here in a sally in Majr
H90.

470 fmUNCH AND INDIAN WARS.

the colours standing, and men walking about as not
molested. Ho presently ordered that all his army^
should pursue the enemy, but they told him that
most of them had spent their ammunition ; and that
if the enemy had engaged them a*little longer, they
might have come and knocked them on the head 5
^nd that some of their bullets were so unsizeable,
nhat some of them were forced to make slugs while
tbey were engaged.

He then ordered them to get over all the wounded
and dead men, and to leave none behind, which was
done by some canoes they bad got. Captain Hallf
and his men being first engaged, did great service,
and suffered the greatest loss in his men. But Cap-
tain SoUthworth,J with his company, and Captain
Numposh with the Seconet Indians, and the most of
the men belonging to the town all coming suddenly
to his relief, prevented him and his whole company
from being cut off, &c.

By this time the day was far spent, and marching
into town about sunset, carrying in all their wounded
and dead men ; being all sensible of God's goodness
to them, in giving them the victory, and causing the
^nemy to fly with shame ; who never gave one shout
at their drawing off. The poor inhabitants wonder-
iiilly rejoiced that the Almighty had favoured them
so much ; saying, that if Major Church with his for-
ces had not come at that juncture, they had been all
cut off; and said further, that it was the first time,
that ever the eastward Indians had been put to flight-^

* How numerous this army was is not told us, but it proba-
bly consisted of near 400 men, as his own volunteers number-
ed 250, and these men were joined by two o^her companies
as Bienttoned in his commission from the Massachusetts g^ov-
ernment.

t Captain Nathaniel Hall was of the Massachusetts where
the name is very common at this day. Mather, Mag. II,
515, says, " he had been a valiant captain in the former war.^'

J Captain Nathaniel Soulhworth of Plymouth colony. I
fin4 no particulars of him.

. F&EIICH AND RiTDIAN WA19. 171

TZ^ said CiiQrch with his volunteers were wooder-
tiilly preserved, having never a man killed outrighti
and but one Indian mortally wounded, who died ;
several more being badly wounded, but recovered.*
After this engagement Major Church, with his for^
ces, ranging all the country thereabout, in pursuit of
the enemy, and visiting all the garrisons at Black

guint^f Spurwink^l and Blue point,§ and went up
ennebeck|| river, but to little effect. And now
winter drawing near, he received orders from the
government of Massachusetts bay, to settle all the
garrisons^ and put in suitable officers according to
hia best discretion, and to send home all his soldiery
volunteers and transports, which orders he presently
bbeyed.ir Being obliged to buy him a horse to go
llome by land, that so he might the better comply
with his orders.

* The killed and wounded spoken of above as being
l^Fought over in canoes, were • Captain HalUs men. Bv this
statement reference is only made to the PlymHoatfa forces.
Mather saysj that 10 or 12 were killed. Magnalia^ 11^ M5.

t A ^ort distance to the west of Cape Eliaabetli, in the
town of Scarborough, and waa called the east parish.

J " On the west line of Cape Elizabeth [town] or on the
east line of Scarborough." A small river meets the sea here
of the same name. Sullivan, 26, 115.

§ A little to the west of Black point and was the west paN
ish of Scarborough. lb. SIS.

II Sullivan, 31, tells us, that this name, " no doubt,** is de-
rived " from a race of Sagamores of the nan^e of Kenebis.*'
This noble and beautiful river enters the ocean to the east of
Casco bay, in about 33 d. 43 min., north latitude. It is the
kncient Sagadahock, and is celebrated as the place where
the first settlement was made in Newengland. It was on an
kland at the mouth of said river, called Stage island, in 1607^
hj a colony of 100 persons in two ships under the direction of
Sir John Fopham. But the next year, their chief men being
dead, the colony relumed to Ei^and. An earlier date i^
assigned to the discovery of the river by the French, namidj^
in 1604. See an anecdfote of this settlement in the Appear
tUx, Na.Xn,4.

If At this time, the whole eastern country was Saved by
tl^s e3cpedition. Sullivan, 20S.

in FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

•

The poor people, the inhabitants of Casco, tod
places adjacent, when they saw [that] he was going
away from them, lamented sadly, and begged earn-
estly that he would suffer them to come away in the
transports ; saying, that if he left them there, that
in the spring of the year, the enemy would come and
destroy them and their families, &c. So by their
earnest request, the said Major Church promised
them, that if the governments that had now sent him,
would send him the next spring, he would certainly
come with his volunteers and Indians to their relief;
and, that as soon as he had been at home, and taken
a little care of his own business, he would certainly
wait upon the gentlemen of Boston, and inform them
of the promise [that] he had made to them ; and if
they did not see cause to send them relief, to entreat
their honours, seasonably to draw them off, that they
might not be a prey to the barbarous enemy.

Taking his leave of those poor inhabitants, some
of the chief men there, waited upon him to Black
point, to Captain Scottaway's* garrison. Coming
there, they prevailed with the said Captain Scottaway
to go with him to Boston, which he readily complied
with, provided the said Church would put another in
to command the garrison ; which being done, and
taking their leave one of another, they set out and
travelled through all the country, home to Boston ;
(having employed himself to the utmost to fulfil his
instructions, last received from Boston ; which cost
him about a month's service over and above what he
had pay for from the Plymouth gentlemen.) And in
his travel homeward, several gentlemen waited upon
the said Major Church, who was obliged to bear their
expenses.-)-

m • II - I I . I ■ « I II I I II ' > II >

* No more of this gentleman is found, than what is given in
this place. • »

t Whether this was a general custom in those day$j^ not,
I have taken no trouble to ascertain, but it woul^ eoi^ihute
very little to the dignity of an office now.

FBENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 173

When he came to Boston gentlemen, he infcmned
them of the miseries those poor people were in, by
having their provisions taken from them by order of
the president,* &c., then went home.

[He] staid not long there before he returned to
Boston, where Captain Scottaway waited for his com-
ing, that he might have the determination of the go-
vernment of Boston to carry home with him. [ — Y
It being the time of the smalt pox there, ([ — Y Ma-
jor Church not having had it) [he took]^ up his lodg-
ing near the Court house, [and had]'* the first oppor-
tunity to inform those gentlemen of the Court [of}
his business. [They]^ said [that] they were very
busy in sending home Sir Edmund, the ship being
ready to sail.

The said Major Church still waited upon them,
and at every opportunity entreated those gentlemen
in behalf of the poor people of Casco, informing the
necessity of taking care of them, either by sending
them relief early in the spring, or suffer them to draw
off, otherwise they would certainly be destroyed, &c.
Th<^ir answer was, that they could do nothing till Sir
Edmund was gone. Waiting there three weeks upon
great expenses, he concluded to draw up some of the
circumstances of Casco, and places adjacent, and to
leave it upon the council board, before the Gover-
nour and council. Having got it done, obtained
liberty to go up where the Governour and council
■ were sitting, he informed their honours, that he had
waited till his patience was worn out, so had drawn
up the matter to leave upon the board before them,
which is as follows.

" To the honoured Governour arid council of the

Massachusetts.
Gentlemen,

Whereas by virtue of yours, with Plymouth's de-
1 [and] 2 [and] 3 [taking] 4 [took} 5 [who]

' <T ii » ■ ■ ■■ , . I I .1 I I ^ . . I .1 . . I I ■ I I ' I I I ■ I. J ■

* Thomas Danforth.
15*

J 74 TRENCH AND INDIAN WAES.

sires and commands, I went eastward in the \m% ex-
pedition against the common Indian enemy, wh^rci
providence so- ordered that we attacked their great-
est body of forces, coming then for the destruetiotci
of Falmouth, which we know marched off repulsed
with considerable damage, leaving the ground, and
Iiave never since [been] seen there, or in any place
adjacent. The time of the year being then too late
to prosecute any further design, and other accidents
falling out contrary to my expectation, impeded the
desired success. Upon my then removal from the
province of Maine, the inhabitants were very solici-
tous that this enemy might be further prosecuted,
willing to venture their lives and fortunes, in the said
enterprise, wherein they might serve God, their King,
and country, and enjoy quiet and peaceable habita-
tions. Upon which I promised to signify the same
to yourselves, and willing to venture that little which
providence hath betrusted me with, on the said ac-
count. The season of the year being such, if some
speedy action be not performed in attacking them,
they will certainly be upon us in our out towns, God
knows where, and the inhabitants there, not being
able to defend themselves, without doubt many souls
may be cut off, as our last year's experience wofully
hath declared. The inliabitants there, trust to your
protection, having undertaken government and your
propriety ; if nothing be performed on the said ac-
count the best way, under correction, is to demolish
the garrison, and draw off the inhabitants, that thef
may not be left to a merciless enemy ; and that the
arms and ammunition may not be there for the
strengthening of the enemy, who without doubt have
need enough, having exhausted their greatest store
in this winter season. I have performed my promise
to them, and acquitted myself rti specifying the same
to yourselves. Not that I desire ti3 be in any action,
although willing to serve my King and country, and
■~*«y pass under the censure of scandalous tongues

im ik» bst expedition, wbicb I hope they 19/ill am^i^
OB the fijrst opportunity of service. I leave to PAa,-
tfiffe consideration, the loss of trade and fishery ; the
war brought to the doors. What a triumph it will
he to the enemy ; derision tp our neighbours^ beside
diobonour to God and our nation, and grounds of
firowB froin our Prince^ the frustration of tho^e,
?rbose eyes are upon you for help, who nxight have
otherwise applied themselves to their King. Gentle-
iQ^i, this I thought humbly to propose unto you, that
I migbt discharge myself in my trust from yourselves^
9ad p^omse to the inhabitants of the province, but
ei^>eQially my duty to God, her Majesty, and my na-^
ti^Kky praying for your honours prosperity, subscribe,

Your servant,

BENJAMIN CHURCH.

Atrue copy gwen in at Boston Jhis 6th qfF^ntmryt
168V ^ tf^ CamcU Board.

Attest. T. S.'^t

Major Church said, moreover, that in thus doing
fae had complied with his promise to those poor peo-
]de of Casco, and should be quit from the guilt of
Aeir blood. The Governour was pleased to thank
him for his care and pains taken, then taking his
leave of them went home, and left Captain Scotta*
way in a very sorrowful condition, who returned
home sometime after with only a copy of what was
. left on the board by the said Church. Major Church
not hearing any thing till May following, and then
was informed, that those poor people of Casco were
<^t off by the barbarous enemy ;| and although they

• It should be 1690, or 1689-90. See note 1, on page 147.

t For whose name these initials stand I have not satisfac-
torily ascertained.

t In May, 1690. Some forces had just left Casco, and
joined Sir Wra. Phips to go against Portroyal, when an army
of four hundred, or more, French and Indians were discover-
ed about the place. " There was a fort near the water, and

17« FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

made their tenns with Monsieur Casteen, wfco wa«
commander of those enemies, yet he suffered those
merciless savages to massacre and destroy the most
of them.

To conclude this first expedition East, I shall just
give you a hint how Major Church was treated, al-.
though he was commander in chief of all the forces
out of Plymouth and Boston government. After he
came home, Plymouthgentlemen paid him but ybrfj/-
ttvopounds, telling him, he must go to Bbston gen-^
tlemen for the rest, who were his employers as well
as they. Of whom he never had one penny ^ for alJ
travel and expenses in raising volunteers, and ser-
vices done ; except forty shillings or thereabout,
for going from Boston to Rhodeisland on their busi-
ness, and back to Boston again ; also for sending a
man to Providence for Captain Edmunds,* wjio
raised a company in those parts, and went east with
them.

another on the hill, near where the burying ground is, and
another on the rocky ground, south from the place where the
first meeting house stands," in what was tne town of Fal-
mouth. That near the burying ground was abandoned as
untenable, and both of the others after some time were car-
ried by assault. One hundred persons now fell into the
hands of the enemy. The French commander promised the

garrisons safety to their persons, and liberty to go to the next
<nglish town, but he kept his promise no longer than while
he was in possession. The wnole country hereabout was
laid desolate, and presented a most dreadful scene of ruin.
The ground was strewed with the bones of the dead, which
Church, on his arrival afterward, gathered up and buried.
Hist. Maine, 30^. Magnalia, II, 524.

* The same who is mentioned in Philip's war, 53. I learD
nothing of his eastern expedition.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 177

THE SECOND EXPEDITION EAST.

In the year 1690 was the expedition* to Cana-
da,f and Major Walleyf often requested Major Church

* Canada had long been considered the source of all the
evils endured by the colonies. Hence the long train o( wars
at the expense of so much blood and treasure to " drive the
French out of Canada." Sir William Phips was the chief
mover and executor of this expedition. His fleet, retarded
by unavoidable accidents, did not arrive before Quebeck un-
til the 5 October. The next morning, he sent a summons
on shore, but received an insolent answer from the Govern-
oiir. The next day, he attempted to land his troops, but wa«
prevented by the violence of the wind. On the 8, all the
effective men (12 or 1300) landed on the island of Orleans,
4 miles below the town, and were fired on, from the woods,
by the French and Indians. Having remained on shore un-
til the, II, and then learning by a deserter, the strength of
the place, they embarked with precipitation. In their way
to Boston, the fleet was dispersed in a tempest. Some of the
vessels were blown off to the West Indies, one was lost on an
island near the mouth ^ the St. Lawrence, and two or three
were never heard of. Holmes, I, 478, 479. No provisions
at home had been made to pay the forces, relying on plun-
der ; bills of credit, therefore, were resorted to, which were
the first ever used in this country. Hutchinson, I, 356, 357.

t The derivation of the word Canada, being so curious it
was thought that it would be pardonable to give it a place in
this work. Mr. Bozman, in his excellent " Introduction to
a History of Maryland," 34, says that it is a traditional re-
port, that previous to the visiting of Newfoundland by Car-
tier, in 1534, some Spaniards visited that coast in search of.
gold, but its appearance discouraged them, and they quitted
it in haste crying out as they went on board their vessel,
" Jtca riaday Jlca nada,'*^ that is, in English, " There is nolh^
in^ hereJ*^ The Indians retained these words in their memo-
ries, and afterward, when the French came to the coutitry,
they were saluted with the same words, and mistook them'
for the name of the country. And in time the first letter was
lost, hence the name Canada. Something amounting ta
nearly the same thing may be seen in Mather's Magnalia,
II, 522.

X John Walley, who had the command of the land forces,
under Sir Willian Phips, against Canada. An entire jour-
nal, kept by Walley, of that expedition, is preserved i%

I7S FRENCH AND INDIAN WAttS.

that if he would not go himself in that expedition,
that he would not hinder others. He answered the
said WaUey, that he should hinder none but his old
soldiers, that used to go along with him, &c.

The said Church going down to Charlestown, to
take his leave^f some of his relations and friends,
who were going into that expedition, promised his^
wife and family not to go into Boston, the small pox*,
being very rife there. Coming to Charlestdwn, seve-
ral of his friends in Boston came over to see him.
And the next day after the said Church came there,
Major Walley came to him, and informed him that
the Govemour and council wanted to speak with,
faim. He answered him, that he had promised his
wife and family not to go into Boston ; saying,
[that] if they had any business, they could write to
him, and that he would send them his answer.

Soon after came over two other gentlemen with a
message, that the Govemour and council wanted to
have some discourse with him. The answer retiinw
ed, was, that he intended to lodge that night at the
Greyhound, in Roxbury, and that in the morning,
would come to Pollard'sf at the south end of Boft*
ton, which accordingly he did. Soon after he came

Hutchins^j Ap. 1, 470. He was judge of the superiour court
of Massachusetts, and a member of the council. The church
nf Bristol is indebted to him as one of its principal founders.
He is represented, as {)os|essing sweetness of spirit, wisdoni
in council, and impartiality as a Judge. Hejdied 11 Janua*
*y, 1712, aged 68 years.

* I find no mention of the Small Po3Ct>^t this time in Boston
by any author that I have consulted f tut in the History of
iJorchester it is noted, page 24, '' that from the first of April,
1690, unto the first of July, 1691, there died in Dorchester
57 persons ; 38 of them of the small pox, the rest of a fever."
Hence from its near vicinity to Boston, no doubt It was very
prevalent there. [^Having since seen in Mr. Snow's Histo*
iry of Boston, that jt did prevail there as mentioned in the
text.)

t A publick house, lender this name^ is yet known in Boa*
Ion, at the goldeji^ ball, Ehn street.

i^&KCH AND ItmiAK WARS. 179

tytlief , received a letter from the hcmourftbie Cap-
tain Sewall,* to request him to come to the comicil.
The answer [that] he returned hy the i>earer was^
that he thought there was no need of his hazarding
himself so much as to come and speak with them ;
not that he was afraid of his life, but because he had
no mind to be concerned ; and further by reason
fthat] they would not hearken to him about the poor
people of Casco. But immediately came Mr. Max-
fieldf to him, saying, that the council bid him tell
the said Church, that if he would take his horse and
ride al<Hig the middle of ihe stoeet, there might be
no <i€mger. They were then sitting in council.
He bid [bim]^ go and tell his masters not to trouble
themselves whether he came upon his head or his
jBeet, he was coming. However, thinking the re-
turn was something rude, called him back to drink
a glass of wine, and then he would go with him.

So coming to the council, they were very thank-
fel to him for his coming, and told him, that the oc-
casion of their sending for him was, that there was
a captive come in, who gave them an account, that
the Indians were coTne down, and had taken posses-
sion of the stone fort at Pejepscot,J so that thejr

1 [them]

• Stephen Sewall, I conclude this must he, who was com-
mander of the fort at Salem. He was & brother of Jus^e Se-
wall, and sustained several important offices. He married a
da.ughter of the Rev. Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge, who had IT
children. He died about the 21 October, 1725, greatly re-
spected and lamented^ Eliot, N. E. Biog. 420.

1 1 learn nothing of this person. The-name is common »
Newhampshire.

X A fall of water in the Androscoggin. What the true or-
thography of this word is, b unknown to me. Sullivan ends
it with a double t, and again alters to Pegypscott. Mather
has it Pechypscot. Some authors write u instead of o in the
termination. Thus the different ways are brought under
the view of the reader, that he may «?mpk>y which he choosesi
The stone fort was near the Mh on the north side 0f th« ti-

180 . FRENCH AND INDIAN WARiS.

wanted his advice and thoughts, about the matter ;
whether they would tarry and keep in the fort <Mr
not 3 and whether it were not expedient to send
some forces to do some spoil upon them ? and fur-
ther to know whether he could not be prevailed
with to raise some volunteers, and go, to do some
spoil upon them *? He answered them, [that] he was
unwilling to be conceraed any more ; it being very
difficult and chargeable to raise volunteers, as he
found by experience in the last expedition.

But they using many arguments prevailed so far
with him, that if the government of Plymouth saw
cause to send him, he would go ; thinking the expe-
dition would be short. [He then] took his leave of
them and went home.

In a short time after, there came an express from
Governour Hinkley, to request Major Church to
come to Barnstable to him, he having* received
a letter from the government of Boston to raise
some forces to go east. Whereupon the said Major
Church went the next day to Barnstable, as ordered.
Finding the Governour and some of the council of
war there, [who] discoursed [with] him ; [conclud-
ed]^ that he should take his Indian soldiers, and two
English Captains, with what volunteers could be
raised ; and that one Captain should go out of Ply-
mouth and Barnstable counties, and the other out of
Bristol county, with what forces he could raise ;
concluding to have but few officers, to save charge.

The said Church was at great charge and expense
in raising of forces. Governour Hinkley promised
that he would take care to provide vessels to tran-
sport the said army, with ammunition and provisions,
by the time prefixed by himself; for the govern-
ment of Boston had obliged themselves by their let-

1 [concluding]

1 1 •' ii ■' ■ 1 1 ■ ■ ■ — ■ — — — — " ■ ■■ ■ " -

ver, and was taken in the spring of this year, (1690) after the
English had left it, (probably.) It was 4 miles from the wa •
ters of Casco bay. Sullivan, 178, 9.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, idl

ten:, to proricie any thing that was wanting. So at
the time prefixed, Major Church marched down all
his soldiers out of Bristol county to Plymouth, as or-
dcired. And being come, found it not as he exp>ect-
cd ; for there were neither provisions, ammunition,
Or transports. So he immediately sent an express
to the Governour, who was at Barnstable, to give
bim an account that he with the men were come to
Plyn^outh, and found nothing ready. In his return
to the said Church, [he] gave hira an account of his
disappointments, and sent John Lathrop^ of Barnsta-
ble in a vessel, with some ammunition and provi-
sion on board, to him at Plymouth ; also sent him
word that there were more on board of Samuel Al-
lingf of Barnstable, who was to_go for a transport,
and that he himself would be at Plymouth next day.
But Ailing never came near him, but went to Bil-
liBgsgate,f at Cape Cod, as he was informed.

The Goyemour being come, said to Major Church,
that he must take some of the open sloops, and make
spar decks to them, and lay platforms for the soldiers
to lie upon, which delays were very expensive to the
said Church ; his soldiers being all volunteers, daily
expected to be treated by him, and the Indians al-
ways begging for money to get drink. But he using
his utmost diligence, made what despatch he could
to be gone. Being ready to embark, received his

* Probably, the ancestor of some eminent men of later
times in Massachusetts. He perhaps was the son of John
Lathrop, who fled from England in the days of persecution,
and afterward settled in Barnstable. The first John died in
1653.

t It is thought that this name should have been writtea
Allen. No pains have been taken to ascertain any thing
eoncerning this person, but if what Dr. Mather says be «or-
Y^t, he is a descendant of one Thomas Allen, iVho came to
this country in 1638, and was afterward a miliar in
Charlestown. Eliot, 90,

X In the town of Eastham..

U^ f RENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

commission, and instructions from GoTemour Hink-
ley, which are as follows.

[The commission beinc the same as that for the first expedi-
tion is here omitted. It was dated 2 September, 1690.
The instructions, also, differing only in a few unimpor-
tant matters, are omitted to give place to more interest-
ing information. It may be proper to notice the chief dif-
ferences. No men of war vessels attended, nor was Church
directed to confer with any persons except his officers. The
e^ht pounds per head over and above is not mentioned, and
are signed only by Governour Hinkley. Date, the same as
that of the commission.]

Now having a fair wind, Major Church soon got
to Piscataqua."**" [He]^ was to apply himself to Ma-
jor Pike,f a worthy gentleman, who said, [that] he
iiad advice of his coming from Boston gentlemen;
also, [that] he had received directions, that what
men the said Church should want, must be raised out
of Hampshire, out of the several towns and garrisons.
Major Pike asked him, how many men he should
want *? He said, enough to make up his forces that
Jie brought with him, three hundred, at least, and
not more than three hundred and fifty. And so in
about nine days time, he was supplied v/ith two com-
panies of soldiers. He having been at about twenty
shillings a day charge in expenses while there. Now

1 [who]

M ^ ■■ I * ■ - ■ ■ ■■ — ■ .III ■■ ■ ■■■■■■ -,i— » . II ■ M ■■■■■■ ^■■l. ■ I .. ■ I ■■■ ll.»l ■! ■ — ■- — ■■111^

* The country at the mouth of Pascataqua river went un-
der the general name of Pascataqua, but since, the river only,*
is known by that name. The word was formerly, and some-
times latterly, spelt as in the text, but an a should take the
place of in

t Major Robert Pike was a person of distinction. He was
among the first 28 counsellors appointed by charter, for the
province of Massachusetts Wy, who \yerc to hold their offices
until May 1698, or until others should be chosen in their
stead. He might be the ancestor of the distinguished Nicho-
las Bike of Somersworth, to whom we are much indebted for
the best system of Arithmetick that has appeared. An ac-
count might perhaps be found of the family in Newhamp*
shire, for which I have not had an opportunity.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 163

he received Major Pike's instructions, which are as
followeth.

" Portsmouth^ in JVewhampshhre, Sq[>t. 9, 1690.

To Major Benjamin Church, Commander in Chitf
of tJieir Majesties^ forces, now designed upon the
present expedition eastward, and now resident at
Portsmouth.

The Governour and council of the Massachusetts
colony reposing great trust and confidence in your
loyalty and valour, from experience of your former
actions, and of God's presence with you in the same;
ill pursuance of an order, received from them com-
manding it; these are in their Majesties' names to
empower and require you, as commander in chief, to
take into your care and conduct these forces now
here present at their rendezvous at Portsmouth ; and
they are alike required to obey you ; and with them
to sail eastward by the first opportunity to Casco, or

f>Iaces adjacent, that may be most commodious for
anding with safety and secrecy; and to visit the
French and Indians at their headquarters at Ameras-
cogen, Pejepscot, or any other place, according as
you may have hope or intelligence of the residence
of the enemy; using always your utmost endeavour
for the preservation of your own men, and the kill-
ing, destroying, and utterly rooting out of the enemy,
wheresoever they may be found ; and also, as much
as may possibly be done, for the redeeming or re-
covering of our captives in any places.

You being there arrived, and understanding your
way, to take your journey back again, either by land
or water, as you shall judge most convenient for the
accomplishing of the end intended ; and to give in-
telligence always of your motions, whensoever yo^
can with safety and convenience.

Lastly. In all to consult your council, the conv-
laanders or commission officers of your several ^^m^

184 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

panies, when it may be obtained, the greater part of
whom to determine. And so the Lord of hosts, *the
God of armies, go along with you, and be your con-
duct. Given under my hand, the day and year above
said^

Per ROBERT PIKE."

Being ready, they took the first opportunity, and
made the best of their way to Pejepscot fort, where
they found nothing. From thence they marched to
Amerascogen,* and when they came near the fort.
Major Church made a halt, ordering the Captains to
draw out of their several companies sixty of their
meanest men, to be a guard to the Doctor, and knap-
Sacks, being not a mile from said fort. A.nd then
moving towards the fort, they saw young Doneyf and
his wife, with two English captives. The said Doney
made his escape to the fort, his wife was shot down,
and so the two poor captives were released out of
their bondage.

The said Major Church and Captain Walton J made

* This river has its rise in Newhampshire and flowing east-
ward enters Maine in about 44 d. 20 min. N. Mather, says
this place where they had now arrived at, was 40 miles up
the river. Mag. 528. Perhaps few words have been writ-
ten more different ways, than this. The authors of the
Newhampshire Gazetteer prefer that as in the text, ex-
cept, that they double the g and change the last e into t.
But people in general, that live on said river, adopt the better
method of Androscoggin .

t He was an Indian, and all we know of him is found in thid
history ; except he be the one seized at Wells, mentioned by
Mather, II, 545, and whose name is signed Robin Doney to
the articles of peace at Pemmaquid in 1693. lb. 543.

} Col. Shadrach Walton of Somersworth N. H. A brave
and valuable officer. In the long wars that followed, he
rendered important services. To recount his actions would
1)6 to write a narratiire, much beyond the limits of a note.
More particulars of him mav be found in Penhallow's historv*
in I Newhampshire Hist. soc. Collections, than in any oth-
er work extant. He was with Col. March, in HOT, in an
UQsaccessful attempt on Portroyal. Here he fought a body^

TaENCH AND INDIAN WA&a 185

no stap, making the best of their way to the fort,
with some of the army, in hopes of getting to the
fort before young Doney ; but the river through
which they must pass, being as deep as their arm*
pits. However Major Church as soon as he was got
over, stripped to his shirt and jacket, leaving his
breeches behind, ran directly to the fort, having an
eye to see if young Doney (who ran on the other
side of the river,) should get there before him. The
wind now blowing very hard in their faces, as they
ran, was some help to them ; for several of our men
fired guns, which they in the fort did not hear, so
that we had taken all in the fort, had it not been for
young Doney, who got to the fort just before we did.
pie]^ ran into the south gate, and out at the north,
all the men following him, except one. [TheyP all
ran directly down to the great river and fells.

The said Church and his forces being come pretty
near, he ordered the said Walton to run directly with
some forces into the fort, and himself with the rest,
ran down to the river, after the enemy, who ran some
of them into the river, and the rest under the great
falls. Those who ran into the river were killed ; for
he saw but one man get over, and he only crept up
the bank, and there lay in open sight. And those
that ran under the falls, they made no discovery of,
notwithstanding several of his men went in under the
said falls, and were gone some considerable time,
{but] could not find them. So leaving a watch there,
returned up to the fort, where he found but one man

i [who] 2 [who]

. I I ' I I I - I - . ■ . >

of the enemy and put them to flight, being the only field offi-?
cer then on shore. Again in 1710, he rendered important
service at the same place, when it was taken by the arma-
ment under Col. Nicholson. In a note to page 119, in Pen-
hallow's history it is remarked that " He was dismissed from
service" (in 1725) "and was succeeded by Col. Thomas
Westbrook." But on what account he was dismissed, wheth-
er from age or misconduct is unknown tome. He is men-
tioned no more in Penhallow's history*
' ^ 16*

186 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR!?:

taken, and several women and children; wmmgat
whom were Captain Hakins'* wife and ,Worumbos'f
wife, the sachem of that fort, with their children. The
said Hakins was sachem of Pennacook,J Avho de-

* Hawkins or Hogkins. This sachem had heen treated
with neglect by Governour C ran field, which in part may ac-
count for his enmity to the English. He made a treaty with
them in 1 685, which perhaps, was broken more through the ne-
gligence of the English than the wish of Hogkins. He appears
to have i learned so much of the English language as to pre-
tend to write and read. Four letters from under his hand
are preserved in Belknap, I, Appendix, No. XLH, &c. One
of which, as a curiosity, is here printed.

''May 15, 1685. '
Honour Mr. Governor,

Now this day I com your house, I want se you, and I
bring my hand at before you I want shake hand to you if your
wor^iip when please then you receve my hand then snake
your hand and my hand. You my friend 1[)ecause I remem-
ber at old time when live my grant father and grant mother
then Englishmen com this country, then my grant father and
Englishmen they make a good govenant, they friend allways,
my grant father leving at place called Malamake rever, oth-
er name chef Natukkog and Panukkog, that one rever great
many names, and I bring you this few skins at this first time
I will give you my friend. This all Indian hand.

JOHN X HAWKINS, Sagamore."

This letter is the best written of the four, and are all very
similar. I copy it'precisely as I find it in Belknap. Two of
the others are signed John Hogkins, and one, Mr, John
Hogkins, the last has no date^ and one is dated 16 May, and
the other two the 15, both having 14 signers beside Hogkins,
who, it is probable, were his principal men. The name of
Hogkins or rather Hawkins he received from some English-
man. His Indian name was Hancamagus. See N. H. Hist:
So'c. Col. I, 221.

t A sachem of the Androscoggins. He was with Madoka-
wando in the celebrated attack on Storer's garrison at Wells,
an account of which may be seen in a succeeding note.

J The country on the Merrimake river, including the pre-
sent town of Concord, and the lands above and below, but
how far, cannot be told ; as those people never set any par-
ticular bounds to their country, that we know of. See Far-
mer's account of the Pennacook Indians, in N. H. Hist. Soc.
Col. I, 218. The word should be spelt as in the text, but

FR£;NCH and INDIAN WAES- 18t

strojred Major Walden and bis family, some time
before, &c.

The said two women, viz. Hakins' and Worumbos'
wives requested the said Church, that he would spare
them and their children's lives ; promising upon that
condition, [that] he should have all the captives that
were taken, and in the Indians' hands. He asked
them how many *? They said, about four score. So,
upon that condition, he promised them their lives,
&c. In the said fort there were several English cap-
tives, who were in a miserable condition. Amongst
them was Captain Hucking's* wife, of Oyster river.f

Major Church proceeded to examine the man^
taken, who gave him an account, that most of the
fighting men were gone to Winterharbour,f to pro-
vide provisions for the bay of Fundy§ Indians, who
I " I 'll ,11 ■ . « ■ I ■

the anthorjust cited, leaves out one n. Sullivan writes Pen-
njcook. Belknap, whom many, justly in most respects, fol-
low, writes it as in the text, with the omission of one n, as
does Mather, whom he follows.

* Hucking's garrison was tak^n, about the last of August,
1689, in which were a few women and boys. The Indians
had been in ambtish for a number of days, until they had as-
certained how many men belonged to the garrison, then as
they all went out into the field one day, the Indians cut oiF
their retreat, and killed them all excepting one, who escap-
ed, being 18 in all. They then went to the garrison and de-
manded a surrender, but the boys at first refused, and some
fighting was done ; at length th^y surrendered on terms of
life, &c. The assailants found means to fire the garrison,
which hastened the surrender. Mather, Mag. 11, 515. This
woman is supposed to be the wife of the owner of the gar-
rison.

t Now Durham. The country thereabout, was formerly
known by this name.

i At the.mouth of Saco river in Maine.

§ A large bay, sometimes called Frenchman's bay, contain-
ing the island Mountdesert, 8 or 10 miles to the eastward of
the mouth of Penobscot river. Sullivan, 57, informs us, that
it took the name of Frei^chman's bay, from this circumstance.
That with Demott6 came over to America one Nicholas
D'Aubri, a French ecclesiastic of respectability, who went
on shore on the west side of the bay, and wandering into the

tft JPREKCH AND INBIAN WAMM.

mtre lo come and join with them to fishtti^ English^
The soldiers being very rude, would hardly spare the
bidian's life, while in examination ; intending when
lie had done, that he should be executed. But Ca^
tain Hucking's wife, and another woman, down on
their knees, and begged for him, saying, that he had
been a means to save their lives, and a great many
more ; and had helped several to opportunities lo
run away, and make their escape ; and that never,
mnce be came amongst them, had fought against the
English, but being related to Hakins' wife, kept at
the fort with them, having been there two years ; but
his living was to the westward of Boston. So, upon
their request, his life was spared, &c.

Next day the said Church ordered that all their
corn should be destroyed, being a great quantity ;
saving a little for the two old squaws, which he de-
signed to leave at the fort, to give an account who
he was, and from whence he came. The rest being
knocked on the head, except the aforementioned^
for an example ; ordering them all to be buried.
Having inquired where all their best beaver was ?
they said [that] it was carried away to make a pre-
sent to the bay of Fundy Indians, who were coming
to their assistance.

Now being ready to draw off from thence, he
called the two old squaws to him, and gave each of
them a kettle, and some biscuit, bidding them to tell
the Indians, when they came home, that he was
known by the name of Captain Church, and lived in
the westerly part of Plymouth government 5 and that
those Indians that came with him were formerly
King Philip's men, and that he had met with them
in Philip's war, and drawn them off from him, to

woods in search of curiosities, was left by the boat to his fate.
After three weeks he was found by a boat from the same ves-
sel, almost emaciated. From which circumstance it receiv-
ed the above appellation. But the waters between Nova-
scotia and the main are generally understood to make the
bay of Fundy.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 18S

fight for the English, against the said Phihp, and his
associates, who then promised him to fight for the
English, as long as they had one enemy left. And
said, that ' they did not question, but before Indian
com was ripe to have Philip's head ;'* notwithstand-
ing [Philip]^ had twice as many men as were in their
country ; and that theyf had killed and taken one
thousand three hundred and odd of Philip's men,
women and children, and Philip himself, with several
other sachems, &c. ; and that they should tell Ha-
kins and Worumbos, that if they had a mind to see
their wives and children, they should come to
WellsJ garrison, and that there they might hear of
them, &c.

Major Church having done, moved with all his
forces down to Mequait,§ where the transports were,
(but in the way some of his soldiers threatened the
Indian man prisoner very much, so that in a thick
swamp, he gave them the slip and got away) and

1 [he]

/ — —

* See Philip's war, page 82.

t The English.

J Wehhannet was the Indian name of Wells. This town
is on the sea board about half way between York and Saco,
being 13 miles from the former. Storer's garrison was in
this town, which was liear where the old meeting house
stood, and nearly half a mile south of the present place of
publick worship, and was standing since the year 1760. Sul-
livan, 236. The town suffered greatly by the savages.
About 500 French and Indians made a desperate attempt on
the garrison, in May, 1691, and though it had but 15 men, by
the valour of the commander. Captain Converse, and this
few, they were repulsed. A sloop happened to arrive
just before the engagement, which was a help to them,
although they fought on board their vessels. A rfag was sent
to Capt. Converse, to persuade him to surrender ; at his re-
fusing, the officer said, " We will cut jou up as fine as tobac-
co before to-morrow morning.'* He bid them " come on for
he wanted work.^' Magnaha, H, 582.

§ A small bay or cove in Casco bay. It is generally wtit-
ten Maquoit. Mather, and after him Belknap wrote Mac-
quoit.

19D FRENCH ANtX USTDIAN WAIS.

when they all got on boaid the transports, the wmd
being fair, made the best of their way for Winter-
harbour ; and the next morning before day, and as
soon as the day appeared, they discovered some
smokes, rising towards Skaman's^ garrison. He
immediately sent away a scout of sixty men, and
followed presently with the whole body. The scout
coming near a river discovered the enemy to be on
the other side of the river. But three of the eneniy
were come over the river, to the same side, [ — ]}
which the scout was of, [but discovering the seout^
ran hastily down to their canoe. One of which, lay
at each end, [ — Y ^^^ ^® third stood up to paddle
over. The scout fired at them, and <he that paddled^
fell down upon the canoe, and broke it to pieces, so
that all three perished.

The firing put the enemy to the run, who left
their canoes and provisions to ours. And old
Doney,f and one Thomas Baker, an Englishman,
who was a prisoner amongst them, were up at the
falls,| and heard the guns fire, expected the other
Indians were come to their assistance, so came down
the river in a canoe. But when they perceived that
there were English as well as Indians, old Doney*
ran the canoe ashore, and ran over Baker's head,
and followed the rest ; and then Baker came to ours,
and gave an account of the beaver, hid at Pejepscot
plain .§ And coming to the place where the plunder
was, the Major sent a scout to Pejepscot fort,|| to
see if they could make any discovery of the enemy's
tracks, or could discover any coming up the river.
1 [of the river] 2 [of the canoe]

^ This was on the east side of Saco river, about two miles
below the falls. Sullivan, 180. The name should be spelt
Scammon. ^ lb.

t Fathe^ of young Doney* t The falls in the Saco.

fin Brunswick. || On Maquoit bay.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 191

£Tliey]^ returned, and said [that] they saw nothing
but our old tracks at the said fort, &c.

Now having got some plunder, one of the Cap-
tains* ssdd [that] it was time to go home, and seve-
ral others were of the same mind. The Major be-
iog much disturbed at this motion of theirs, expect-
ing the enemy would come in a very short time,
where they might have a great advantage of them,

Notwithstanding all he could say, or do, he was
obliged to call a council, according to his instruc-
tions, wherein he was outvoted. The said conunan-
der seeing [that] he was put by of his intentions^
proffered, [that] if sixty men would stay with him,
he would not embark as yet ; but all he could say or
do, could not prevail. Th4n they moved to the ves-
sels, and embarked, and as they were going in the
vessels, on the back side of Mayr point,f they discov-
ered eight or nine canoes, who turned short about,
and went up the river ; being the same Indians that
the Major expected, and would have waited for.
The aforesaid Captain being much disturbed at what
the Major had said to him, drew off from the fleet,
and in the night ran aground.

In the morning Anthony Bracket, having been
advised and directed by the Indian that had made
his escape from our forces, came down near where
die aforesaid vessel lay aground, and got aboard.
[He]^ has proved a good pilot and Captain for his
country. The next day being very calm and misty,

I [who] 2 [who]

^ I '■' '' — - — ■ — —

* From what follows we may suppose this to be one of the
Captains from Plymouth government. But as there were
two, we cafiinot be positive which was meant, and but one is
named : yet, another circumstance might induce »8 to sup-
pose a Newhampshire Captain. is meant, were it not^idthat
the Plymouth forces sailed first. «t

t What, in Sullivan's history, it is thought, is calleoLM®'"
TTconeag. It is a point in the cast part of Casco bay. t Ma-
ther caUs it Mares point, 11, 557. ^

IP^ FWENCH AND INDIAN WAftS.

so that tfiey were all day getting down from Maqnait
to Perpodack,* and the masters of the vessels think-
ing it not safe putting out in die night, so late in
th« year, anchored there. [ — y^ The vessels being
much crowded, the Major ordered that three compa-
nies should go on shore, and no more. Himself
witii Captain Conversef went with them to order
tteir lodging. And finding just houses convenient
for them, viz., two barns and one house; [andp
seeing thiem all settled, and their watches out, the
Major and Captain Converse returned to go on
board. And coming near where the boat was, it
was pretty 4&rk, they discovered some men, but did
not know what or who they were. The Major or-
dered those that were with him, all to clap down
and cock their guns, and he called out, and asked
them who they wer6? And they said, "Indians."
He asked them whose men they were ? They said,
" Captain Southworth's." He asked them where
they intended to lodge ? They said, " In those lit-
tle huts that the enemy had made when they took
that garrison."}

The Major told them [that] they must not make
any fires, for if they did, the enemy would be upon
them before day. They laughed, and said, "Our
Major is afraid." Having given them their direc-
tions, hC; with Captain Converse, went on board the
1 [at Perpodack] 2 [so] *

* In the town of Cape Elizabeth, 6 or 8 miles from Fort-
land. It is also known by the name of Spring point.

t Captain James Converse. A distinguished partizaa.
No conmiander deserved better of their country than he.
Beside his singular bravery in defending the garrison at
Wells, mentioned in note S, on page 189, the history of this
war abound^ with his exploits ; to enumerate whicn woi^
far exceed, the limits of this note. See Magnalia, II, 529, Sec.

f I caa find no account of the Indians taking agarrisoa
here 'Ui^il after thb. In ^ueen Ann's or Villebon's war sere-
ral.pej»ons were killed ana some families carried into captivi-
ty. SdiMJvaa, 195.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 19^

Mary sloop, designing to write home, and send
away in the morning the two sloops which had the
small pox on board, &c.

But before day our Indians began to make fires^
and to sing and dance. So the Major called to
Captain Southworth to go ashore and look after his
men, for the enemy would be upon them by and by.
He ordered the boat to be hauled up, to carry him
ashore, and called Captain Converse to go with him ;
and just as the day began to appear, as the Major
was getting into the boat to go ashore, the enemy
fired upon our men, (the Indians) notwithstanding
that one Philip, an Indian of ours, who was out up-
on the watch, heard a man cough, and the sticks
crack, [andj^ gave the rest an account, that he saw
Indians, which they would not believe ; but said to
him, " You are afraid." His answer was, that they
might see them come creeping. They laughed and
said, [that] they were hogs. " Ah," said he, " and
they will bite you by and by." So presently they
did fire upon our men. But the morning being nils*
ty, their guns did not go off quick, so that our ipen
had all time to fall down before their guns went ofi*,
and saved themselves fi*om that volley, except one
man, who was killed.

This sudden firing upon our Indian soldiers, sur-
prised them [so,] that they left their arms, but so6n
recovered them again, and got down the bank,
which was but low. The Major, with all the forces
on board landed as fast as they could, the enemy
firing smartly at them ; however all got safe ashore.
The enemy had a great advantage of our forces,
who were between t<ie sun's rising and the enemy,
so that if a man put up his head or hand they could
see it, and would fire at it. However, some, wUh
the Major, got up the bank, behind stumps and
rocks, to have the advantage of firing at the enemy.
But when the sun was risen, the Major slipped.

1 [whof
*7

194 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS,

down the bank again, where all the forces were or-
dered to observe his motion, viz., that he would
give three shouts, and then all of them should run
with him up the bank.

So, when he had given the third shout, Phe] ran
up the bank, and Captain Converse with iiim, but 1

when the said Converse perceived that the forces did \

not follow, as commanded, called to the Major, and
told him [that] the forces did not follow. [He,]^
notwithstanding the enemy fired smartly at him, got
safe down the bank again ; and rallying the forces up
the bank, soon put the enemy to flight. And fol*
lowing them so close, that they took thirteen canoes,
and one lusty man, who had Joseph Ramsdel's scalp
by his side. [He]^ was taken by two of our Indians,
and having his deserts, was himself scalped. v

This being a short and smart fight, some of our
men were killed and several wounded. Sometime
after, an Englishman, who was prisoner amongst them,
gave an account, that our forces had killed and
wounded several of the enemy, for they killed seve-
ral prisoners according to custom,* &c.

After this action was over, our forces embarked
for Piscataqua. The Major went to Wells, and re-
moved the Captain there, and put in Captain Andros,
who had been with him ; and knew the discourse left
with the two old squaws at Amerascogen, for Hakins
and Woriunbos to come there in fourteen days, if
they had a mind to hear of their wives and children ;
who did then, or soon after come with a flag of truce
to said Wells garrison, and had leave to come in, and
more appearing came in, to the number of eight,
(without any terms) being all chief Sachems. [TheyP
were very glad to hear of the women and children,
viz., Hakins and Worumbos' wives and children.
[They]^ all said three several times that they would

1 [who] 2 [who] 3 [and] 4 [w.hoj

■II ■ ■ - ■ '»

* It was said to be a custom among most of the Indian na-
tions, to kill as many prisoners as they lost in battle.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAHS; 1^5

never fight against the English any more, for the
French made fools of them, &c. They saying as they
did, the said Andros let them go.

Major Church being come to Piscataqua, and two
of his transports having the small pox on board, and
several of his men having got great -colds by their
hard service, pretended [that] they were going to
have the small pox; thinking by that means to be
sent home speedily. The Major being willing to try
them, went to the gentlemen there, and desired them
to provide a house ; for some of his men expected
[that] they should have the small pox ; which [they]
readily did, and told him, that the people belonging
to it were just recovered of the small pox, and had
been all at meeting, &c.

The Major returning to his officers, ordered them
to draw out all their men that were going to have the
small pox, for he had provided an hospital for them.
So they drew 6ut seventeen men, that had as they
said all the symptoms of the small pox. He ordered
Uiem all to follow him, and coming to the house, he
asked them how they liked it^ They said, "Very
well." Then he told them that the people in the
said house, had all had the small pox, and were re-
covered; and that if they went in, they must not
come out till they [had] all had it. Whereupon
they all presently began to grow better, and to make
excuses, except one man who desired to stay out till
night before he went in, &c.

The Major going to the gentlemen, told them, that
one thing more would work a perfect cure upon his
men, which was to let them go home ; which did
work a cure Upon all, except one, and he had not the
small pox. So he ordered the plunder to be divided
forthwith, and sent away all the Plymouth forces*
But the gentlemen there desired him to stay, and
they would be assistji^g to him in raising new*forces,
to the number of what was sent away ; and that they
would send to Boston for provisions, which they did

166' JFRENCH AND INDIAN WARS;

ted sent Captain Plaisted* to the Governpur and
council at Boston, &c.

And in the mean time, the Major with those gen-
tlemen went into all those parts, and raised a suffi-
cient number of men, both Officers and soldiers*
[TheyP all met at the bankf on the same day that
Captain Plaisted returned from -Boston. fThep re-
turn irom the Boston gentlettieri was, that tne Canada
expedition had drained them so that they could do
no more. So that Major Church, notwithstanding
he had been at considerable expenses in raising said
forces to serve his King and country, was obligcid to
give them a treat and dismiss them. Taking his
* leave of them, [he] came home to fioston in the
Mary sloop, Mr. Aldenf master, and Captain Con-
verse with him, on a Saturday. Arid waiting upon
the Governour, and some of the gentlen^en in BostoDi
they looked very strange upon them, which not only
troubled them, but put them in some consternation ;
[wondering] what the matter should be, that after so
Iriuch toil and hard service, [they] could not have
, . 1 [^ho] 2 [whose] j

* The name df Plaisted is found in the earlier and lat^r
Wars sis well as in this. A letter from Roger Plaisted to
Maj. Waldroh, who was killed at Salmon falls, 1675,. show-
ins his desperate situation, is printed in Hubhard, 281 ^
Whether this was a son or not is not known to me, but from
the author just cited should conclude that it was not. Per-
haps he was a near connexion. In 1713, a Mr. Plaisted was
taken at Wells, and ransomed for 300 pounds.

t By the hank I suppose is meant, that part of the town of
Portsmouth, including Church hill, formerly called Straw-"
berry bank, and was a general appellation for the town^

% The same mentioned further on, as old Mr, Alden, And
^ Capt. Alden. He lived at Boston, and was one of the accus-
ed m the celebrated wiXch. age, and was committed to prison
by Hawthorn and Gidney, 31 May, 1693, where he remained
15 weeks ; at the end of which time he made his esca^. He
afterwards returned, and none apo^ing asainst mm, was
cleared* See Calef 's " More Wrodert of the Invisibie
World,'* a 10 to 214.

l^ilENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 19*

so much as one pleasant word, nor any money in their
pockets ; for Major Church had but eight pence left*
and Captain Converse none, as he said afterwards*

Major Church seeing two gentlemen, which he
knew had money, asked th6m to lend him forty shil-
lingSy telling them his necessity, yet they refused.
So being bare of money, was obliged to lodge at
Mr. Alden's three nights. The next Tuesday morn-
ing Captain Converse came to him, (not knowing
each others circumstances as yet) and said, [that] he
would walk with him out of town. So coming near
Pollard's at the south end, they had some discourse.
[Observed,] that it was very hard that they should
part With dry lips. Major Church told Captain Con-
verse that he had but eight pence left, and could not
borrow any money to carry him home, and the said
Converse smd, that he had not a penny left ; so they
were obliged to part without going to Pollard's, &c.

The said Captain Converse returned back into
town, and the said Church went over to Roxbury ;
and at the tavern he met with Stephen Braton of
Rhodeisland, a drover, who was glad to see him, (the
said Church) and he as ' glad to see his neighbour.
Whereupon Major Church called for an eigM penny
tankard of drink, and let the said Braton know his
circumstances, [and] asked him whether he would
lend him forty shillings^ He answered, " Ye^^ forty
powfids if he wanted it." So he thanked him, and
said [that] he would have but forty 8hiUing3j which
he freely lent him.

Presently after Mr. Church was told that his bro-
ther, Caleb Church of Watertown, was coming with
a spare horse for him, (having heard the night before
that his brother was come in.) By which means the
said Major Church got home. And for all his travel
and ex^penses in raising soldiers, and service done,
never had but fourteen pounds of Plymouth gentle-
men, and not a penny of Boston ; notwithstanding he
had worn out all [of] his clothes, and run himself in

17*

198 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

debt, po that he was obliged to sell half a phare of
land in Tiverton, for about sixty pounds, which is
now* worth three hundred pounds more and above
what he had.

Having not been at home long before he found out
the reason why Boston gentlemen looked so disaf-
fected on him. As you may see by the sequel of two
letters, [which] Major Church sent to the gentlemen
in the eastward parts, which are as followeth. .

''Bristol, JVovember 27, 1690,

Worthy Gentlemen,

According to my promise when with you last, I
waited upon the Governour at Boston on Saturday,
Captain Converse being with me. The Governour
informed us that the council were to meet on the
Monday following in the afternoon, at which time we
both there waited upon them, and gave them an ac-
c6unt of the state of your country, and great neces-
sities. They informed us, that their general court
was to convene the Wednesday following, at which
time they would debate and consider of the matter.
Myself being bound home. Captain Converse was
ordered to wait upon them, and bring you their re-
Solves. I then took notice of the council that they
looked upon me with an ill aspect, not judging me
wortliy to receive thinks for the service I had done
in your parts; nor as much as asked me whether I
warited money to bear my expenses, or a horse to
carry me home. But I was forced, for want of
money, being far from friends, to go to Roxbury on
foot ; but meeting there with a Rhodeisland gentle-
man, acquainted him of my wants, who tendered me
ten pounds, whereby I was accommodated for my
journey home. And being come home, I went to

» About 1716.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Ifl^

the minister of our town,* and gave him an accoiint
of the transactions of the great affairs I had been em-
ployed in, and the great favour God was pleased to
show me, and my company, and the benefit I hoped
"would accrue to yourselves; and desired him to re-
turn publick thanks ; but at the same interim of time
a paper was presented unto him from a court of Ply-
mouth, which was holden before I came home, to
command a day of humiliation through the whole
government, "because of the frown of God, upon
those forces sent under my command, and the ill suc-
cess we had, for want of good conduct." All which
was caused by those false reports which-were posted
home by those ill ?iffected officers that were under
my conduct ; especially one, which yourselv.es very
well know, who had the advantage of being at home
a week beJTore me, being sick of action, and wanting
the advantage to be at the bank, which he was every
day mindful of more than fighting the enemy in their
own country.

*^ After I came home, being informed of a general
coutt at Plymouth, and not forgetting my faithful
promise to you, and the duty I lay under, I went
thither. Where waiting upon them I gave them
an account of my; Eastward transactions, and made
them sensible of the falseness of those reports that
were posted to them by ill hands, and found some
small fevourable acceptance with them ; so far that
I was credited. I presented your; thanks to them
for their seasonably sending those forces to relieve
you, of the expense and charge they had been at ;
which thanks they gratefully received ; and said a
few lines from yourselves ^«ould have been well ac-
cepted. I then gave them an account of your great
necessities, by being imprisoned in yaur garrisons,
and the great mischief that would attend the pub-

♦ Bristol. The Rev. Samuel Lee, I suspect, was then the
minister, as he did not leave AmWca until sometime the next
year. See note 4, page xii^

300 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAftS.

Kck concerns of this country by the loss of thert
Majesties' interest, and so much good estate of youFs
and your neighbours, as doubtless would be, on
the deserting of your town. I then moved for a
free contribution for your relief, which they with
great forwardness promoted ; and* then ordered a
day of thanksgiving through the government upoij*
the twentysixth day of this instant. Upon which
day a collection was ordered for your relief, and the
places near adjacent, in every respective town in
this government ; and for the good management of
it that it might be safely conveyed unto your hands,
they appointed a man in each county for the receipt
and conveyance thereof. The persons nominated
and accepted thereof, are, for the county of Ply-
mouth, Captain Nathaniel Thomas, of Marshfield ;
for the county of Barnstable, Captain Joseph Lathrop,
of Barnstable ; and for the county of Bristol, myself.
Which when gathered, you will have a particular
account from each person, with orders of advice
how it may be disposed of for your best advantage,
with a copy of the court's order.* The gentlemen
[that] the effects are to be* sent to, are yourselves
that I now write to, vix., John Wheelwright, Esq.,
Captain John Littlefield, and Lieutenant Joseph
Story. I deferred writing, expecting every d^y to
hear from you concerning the Indians, coming to
treat about their prisoners that we had takeii. The
discourse I ma^e with them at Ameresscogen, I
knew would have that effect as to bring them to a
treaty, which I would have thought myself happy to
have been improved in, knowing that it would have
made much for your food. But no intelligence
coming to me from any gentleman in your parts,

- i I . I, I I I K '

• The people of Connecticut were forward, also, in con-
tributing to those distressed inhabitants. A contribution
was ordered by the general court throughout the colony, and
the clergy were directed t» exhort the people to liberal con»
tributioBS for these charitable jturposes. Hist. Coni I, 387.

IFRSNCH AND INDIAN WAB«. dOt

aad hearing nothing but by accident, and that in
the latter end of the week by some of ours (ioming
from Boston, informed me that the Indians had come
into your t%|vn to seek for peace ; and that ther^
was to be a treaty speedily ; but the time they knew
not I took my horse, and upon the Monday set
Out for Boston, expecting the* treaty had L^en at
your town, as rationally it should ; but on Tuesday
night coming to Boston, I there met with Captain
EUsha Andros, who informed me that the place of
treaty was Sacatyhock,^ and that Captain Alden
was gone from Boston four days before I came
therei ,and had carried all the Indiian prisoners with
Jiim ; and that all the forces were drawn away out
of your parts, except twelve men in your town, and
twelve in Piscataqua, which news did so amuse me,
to see, that wisdom was taken from the wise, and
such imprudence in their actions as to b^ delude^
by Indians. To have a treaty so far from any Eng-
lish town, and to draw off the forces upon what prd->
tence soever, to me looks very ill.- My fear is that
they will deliver those we have taken, which^ if
k^pt, would have been greauy fbr your security, in
keeping them in awe, and preventing them from
doing any hostile acticHl or mischief. I knowing
that the English being abroad are very earnest to
go home, and the Indians are very tedious in their
discourses ; and by that means will have an advan-
tage iQ. have their captives at very low rates, to

your great damage.f Gentlemen, as to Rhodeisland,

— — ^ ■ I. ■ . — ■ — — — — -t- — ■

♦ Sagadahock. On the gouth side of Kennebeck river, 20
tniles southwest of Pemmaqued. Hubbard*

t The treaty here alluded to, was agreed upon by tho^
ffaehems that came into "Wells garrison," mentioned on
page 194, "with a flag of truce." Msnor Hutchinson and
Capt. Townsend went from Boston to Wells, as commission-
ers, and after some time, a conference was agreed upon at

Sa^dahock, ^ November. They met aecording to ap-
pointment and a truce only, was obtained, and that till 1 May.

202 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAftS.

I have not concerned myself as to any relief for
you, having nothing in writing to show to them ;
yet, upon discourse with some gentlemen there
they have signified a great forwardne# to prcnnote
such a thing. I lying under great reflections from
some of yours in the eastward parts, that I was a
very covetous person, and came ther6 to ^nrich my-
self, and that I killed their cattle and barrelled them
up, and sent them to Boston, dnd sold them for

Elunder, and made money to put into my own poc-
et ; and the owners of them being poor people
begged for the hides and tallow, with tears in their
eyes; and that I was so cruel as to deny them!
which makes me judge myself incapable to serve
you in that matter ; yet, I do assure you, that the
people are very charitable at the island, and forward
in such good actions ; and therefore, I advise you to
flesire some good substantial person to take the ma-
nagement of it, and write to the government there,
which I know will not be labour lost. As for what
I am accused of, you all can witness to the contra-
ry, and I should take it very kindly from you to
do me that just right, as to vindicate my reputation ;
for the wise man says, " A good name is as precious
ointment." When I hear ^ the effects of the trea-
ty, and have an account of this contribution, I in-
tend again to write to you, being very desirous, and
should think myself very happy, to be favoured with
a few lines from yourself, or any gentleman in the
eastward parts. Thus leaving you to the protec-
tion and guidance of the great God of Heaven and
earth, who is able to protect and supply you in your
great difficulties, and to give you deliverance in his
own due time. I remain, gentlemen, your most as-
sured friend, to serve you to my utmost power.

BENJAMIN CHURCH."

However, 10 captives were redeemed, and at the end of the
truce they were to bring the rest to Wells, and make a
final peace. Magoalia, u, 539.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 203

"Postscript. Esquire Wheelwright.* Sir, I en
treat you, after your perusal of these lines, to com-
municate the same to Captain John Littlefield,f
Lieutenant Joseph Story^ and to any other gentle-
men, as in your judgment you see fit ; with tne ten-
der of my respects to you, ifcc, and to Major
Vaughan, and his good lady and family. To Cap-
tain Fryer, and good Mrs. Fryer, with hearty thanks
for their kindness whils^in Jho^ parts, and good
entertainment from them./* My kind respects to Ma-
jor Frost, Captain Walton, liieutenant Honeywel,
and my very good friend little Lieutenant Plaisted ;
with due respects to all gentlemen, my friends in the
eastward parts, as if particularly named. Flurewell.

y " * B. c."

" To Major Pike.

Honoured Sir, Bristol, Nov. 27, 1690.

These come to wait upon you, to bring the ten-
ders of my hearty service to yourself, and lady, with^
due acknowledgment of thankfulness for all the
kindness, and favour I received from you in the east-
ward parts, when with you. Since I came from

♦ A son, it is presumed, of the Rev. John Wheelwright,
of whom so much has been said and written concerning An-
tinomian principles and land titles. Being contented with
the history of the father, I have not disturbed the ashes of
the son. The venerable ancestor held a deed of certain
lands in Exeter, N. H., from certain Indian Sagamores un-
der date, 1629, the " authenticity" of which, has of late, been
examined by two able criticks. The late Governour Palmer
of N. H.^ first endeavoured to vindicate its genuineness, and
James Savage of Boston, seems to have proved the contrary.
The deed may be seen in I Belknap, App. No. I. Govern-
our Phimer's argument in N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. 299. And
that of Mr. Savage in his edition of Winthrop's Journal, I,
412.

t A Lieut. Littlefield is named by Pfinhallow, 71, as being
slain in 1712, at Wells. It might be he.

•204 FRENCH A'ND INDIAN WARS.

those parts, I am informed by Captain Andros, that
yourself and most all the forces, are drawn off from
the eastward parts. I admire at it, considering that
they had so low esteem of what was done, that they
can apprehend the eastward parts so safe before the
enemy were brought into better subjection. I was
in hopes, when I came from thence, that those who
were so desirous to have my room, would have been
very brisk in my absence, to have got themselves
somie honour, which they very much gaped after, or
else' they would not have spread so many false re-

f)orts to defame me ; which had I Known before I
eft the bank* I would have had satis&ction of them.
Your honour was pleased to give me some small
account, before I left the bank, of some things that
were ill represented to you, concerning the eastward
expedition, which being rolled home like a snowball
through both colonies, was got to such a bigness,
that it overshadowed one from the influence of all
comfort, or good acceptance amongst my friends in
nly journey homeward. But through God's good-
ness [I] am come home, finding all well, and myself
in ^ood health ; hoping, that those reports will do
me the favour, to quit me from all other publick ac-
tions ; that so I may the more peaceably, and quiet-
ly, wait upon God, and be a comfort to my own
family, in this dark time of trouble ; beihg as one
hid, till his indignation is overpast. I shall take it
as a great favour, to hear of your welfare. Sub-
scribing myself as I am, sir, '

Your most assured friend and servant^

BENJAMIN CHURCH."

Major Church did receive, after this, answers to
his letters, but hath lost them, except it be a letter
from several of the gentlemen in those parts, in
June following, which is as followeth.

* Poftsmoath. See paf^e 196, note %.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 205

''Portsmouth, June 29, 1691.

Major Benj. Church,

Sir, your former readiness to expose yourself in
the service of the country, against the common ene-
my, and particularly the late obligations, you have
laid upon us, in these eastern parts, leave us under
a deep and grateful sense of your favour therein.
And forasmuch as you were pleased when last here,
to signify your ready inclination to further service
of this kind, if occasion should call for it. We
therefore presume, confidently to promise ourselves
compliance accordingly ; and have- sent this mes-
sage on purpose to you, to let you know, that not-
withstanding the late overture of peace, the enemy
have approved themselves as perfidious as ever, and
are almost daily killing and destroying upon all our
firontiers. The Governour and council of the Mas-
sachusetts have been pleased to order the raising of
one hundred and fifty mei>, to be forthwith despatch-
ed into those parts ; and, as we understand, have
w^ritten to your Governour and council of Plymouth
for further assistance, which we pray you to promote,
hoping if you can obtain about two hundred men, Eng-
lish and Indians, to visit them at some of their head
quarters, up Kennebeck river, or elsewhere, which
for want of necessaries was omitted last year ; it
may be of great advantage to us. We offer nothing
of advice, as to what methods are most proper to be
taken in this affair. Your acquaintance with our
circumstaVices as well as the enemy's, will direct
you therein. We leave the conduct thereof to your
own discretion. But that the want of provision, &c.,
may be no remofa to your motion, you may please
to know Mr. Geaffbrd, one of our principal inhabi-
tcmts, now residing in Boston, hath promised to take
care to supply to the value of two or three hundred
pounds, if occasion require. Wq pray a few lines
by the bearer, to give us a prospect of what we

206 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS.

may expect for our further encouragement, and re-
main,

Sir, your obliged friends and servants,

William Vaughan,
Richard Martyn,
Nathaniel Fryer,
William Fernald,
Francis Hooke,
Charles Frost,
John ^Wincol,
Robert Elliott."

[A true copy of the original Utter ; which letter
iOds presented to me by Captain Hatch, who came
express.)

Major Church sent them his answer, the contents
whereof was, that he had gone often enough for
nothing, and especially to be ill treated with scan-
dals and false reports, when last out, which he could
not forget. And signified to them, that doubtles5?
some amongst them, thought they could do without
him, &c. And to make short of it, [they] did go
out, and meeting with the enemy at Maquait, were
most shamefully beaten, as I hava been inform-
ed.*

— - - - - I - - ■ — - _ ■

• I will lay before the reader an account of the affair hint-
ed at, as I find it in Mather, and will only observe, that, that
author is enough inclined to favoar the side of the English.
^< About the latter end of July [1691] we sent out a small army
under the command of Capt. March, Capt. King, Capt. Sher-
burn, and Capt. Walten, who landing at Maquoit, marched
up to Pcchypscot, but not finding any signs of the enemy,
marched down aeain. While the commanders were waiting
ashore till the soldiers were got aboard, such great numbers
of Indians poured in upon them, that though the commanders
wanted not for courage or conduct, yet they found them-
selves obliged, with much ado, (and not without the death
of worthy Capt. Sherburn) to retire into the vessels which
then lay aground. Here they kept pelting at one another
all night ; but unto little other purpose than this, which was
indeed remarkable, that the enemy was at this time going to

FBENOH AND INDIAN WARS. 207

THE THIRD EXPEDITION EAST.

This was in the year 1692. In the time of Sir
William Phips'* government, Major Walley being
at Boston, was requested by his excellency to treat
with Major Church about going east with him. Ma-
jor Walley coming home, did £is desired ; and to en-
courage the said Major Church, told him, that now

take the isle of Shoals, and no doubt had they gone they
would have taken it, but haying exhausted all their ammu-
nition on this oceasion, they desisted from what they design-
ed." Magnalia, 11, 580.

* Gorernour Phips " was a Newengland man," born at
Pemmaquid, in 1650-1 ; being, as we are told, a younger son
among twentysix children, of whom twentyone were sons.
By profession he was a ship carpenter. That business he
soon left ; and being an industrious and persevering man,
and applying himself to study, soon acquired an education
competent for the discharge of common affairs, and then
went to sea. On hearing of a Spanish ship's being wrecked
near the Bahamas, proceeded to England, and gave so flat-
tering an account of its value, and the practicability of ob-
taining it, that he was despatched in one of the Ring's ships
in search of it ; but returned without success. Yet he be-
lieved the treasure might be obtained ; and soon after, the
Duke of Albemarl sent him with two ships on the same busi-
ness. After much excessive toil, and nearly on the point of
abandoning the object, the treasure was discovered, and he
succeeded in bringing from the wreck three hundred thoU'
sand pounds. But after deducting the Duke's share and the
outfits, and his own great generosity to his men, he had left
only sixteen thousana. He now had conferred on him the
order of knighthood. In 1690 he commanded an expedition
against Quebeck,but from unavoidable obstacles did not ar^
rive until too late in the season, and was obliged to abandon
the expedition. See note 1, on page 177, where some parti-
culars are given. The King now for the first time compli-
mented the Newengland agents with the nomination of their
Governour, and they nominated Sir William Phips, and he
arrived at Boston^ 14 May, 1692, invested with the proper
authority. In 1694, he was sent for to answer some com^
plaints in England, but fell sick before he had his.trial and
died, 18 Feb. 1695. All represent him as a strictly honest
man, and a real friend to his country. Mather, Hotmee,
£Uot, and Allen.

20B FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

was the time to have recompense for his former
great expenses; saying also, that the country
could not give him less than two^ or three hundred
pounds.

So upon his excellency's request, Major Church
went down to Boston, and waited upon him, who
said he was glad to see him, &c. After some dis-
course [he] told the said Church, that he was going
east, himself, and that he should be his second, and
in his absence, command all the forces. And be-
ing requested by his excellency to raise what volun-
teers he could of his old soldiers in the county of
Bristol, both £nglisl\ and Indians, received his com-
mission, which is as foUoweth.

•' Sir William Fhips^ Knight^ Captain General and
Govemour in Chief, in and over his Majesty^s
province of the Massachusetts bay^ in JVieweng^
land,

To Benjamin Church, Gerd., Chreeting.

Reposing special trust and confidence in your
loyalty, courage and good conduct ; I do by these
presents constitute and appoint you to be Major of
the several companies of militia, detached for their
Majesties' service against their French and Indian
enemies. You are therefore authorized and requir-
ed in their Majesties' names, to discharge the duty
of a Major by leading, ordering and exercising the
said several companies in arms, both inferiour offi-
cers and soldiers, keeping them in good order and
discipline, commanding them to obey you as their
Major. And diligently to intend the said service,
for the prosecuting, pursuing, killing and destroying
of the said common enemy. And yourself to ob-
serve and follow such orders and directions as you
*hall from time to time receive from myself, accord-
ing to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to
the trust reposed in you for their Majesties' flervtce*

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 209

Given under my hand and seal at Soston, the twen-
tyfifth day of July, 1693. In the fourth year of the
reigii of our soverefgn Lord and Lady, William and
Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of
England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of
the faith, &c.

WILLIAM PHIPS,

By his Excellency's command.

Isaac Addington, Secr.^^

Returning home to the county aforesaid, he soon
raised a sufficient number of volunteers, both English
and Indians, and officers suitable to command them,
marched them down to Boston. But there was one
thing I would just mention, which was, that MajoJ'
Church, being short of money, was forced to borrow
six pounds in money of Lieutenant Woodman, in
Littlecompton, to distribute by a shilling, and a 6t7*
at a time, to the Indian soldiers, who, without such
allurements, would not have marched to Foston.
This money Major Church put into the hands of Mr.
William Fobes, who was going out [as] their com-
missary in that service.

[He]^ was ordered to keep a just account of what
each Indian had, so that it might be deducted out of
their wages at their return home. Coming to Boston,
his excellency having got things in readiness, they
embarked on board their transports, his excellency
going in person with them ; being bound to Pema-
quid.f But in their way stopped at Casco, and buri-

1 [who]

* Six pence.

t This word is better written' Pemmaquid as it was former-
ly pronounced, and now generally. This place is celebrat-
ed a? the birth place of Sir William Phips. Several places
are known by tnis name, but are all in the same vicinity, and
on the east side of Kennebeck river, and about 20 miles from
its mouth. Hubbard.

18*

210 FEENCH AND INDIAN WaRS-

ed the bones* o^e dead people Aere, and look off
the great guns that were there, th^n went to Pema-
quid;

Coming there his excellency asked Major Church
to go ashore and give his judgment about erecting a
fortf there 9 He answered, that his genius did not
incline that way, he never had any value for them,
being only nests for destructions. His excellency
said, [that] he had a special order from their Ma-
jesties, King William and Queen Mary, to erect a
fort there, &e. Then they went ashore and spent
some time in the projection thereof. Then his ex-
cellency told Major Church that he might take all
the forces with him, (except one company to stay
with him and work about the fort.) The Major
answered, that if his excellency pleased, he might
keep two companies with him, and [that] he would
go with the rest J to Penobscot, and places adjacent.
Which his excellency did, and gave Major Church
his orders, which are as followeth.

'' By his excellency, Sir WILLIAM PHIPS, Knight,
Captain General and Governour in Chief, in and
over their Majesties^ province of the Massachusetts
bay 9 ifi JVewenglarid, ^c.

Instructions for Major Benjamin Church.

Whereas you are Major, and so chief ofBcer of a
body of men, detached out of the militia, appointed
for an expedition against the Frencli and Indian ene-

— r^— ^^i^M^.— ^ ^ ^ III » M ■■ I . ■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ ■■ ■ ■ II ■ ■■ ■» —11 —III ■■ ^^— ^M^^» I ■■ I Mm.— ■—■ ^ mw III. i^^il^^^».i^p^^

* See page 175, and note 3, where an account of the des-
truction of Casco is related.

t This fort was called the Wiiliam Henry, and was the
best then in these parts of America. It was built of stone of
a quadrangular figure, and about 787 feet in compass, mount-
ing 14 (if not 18) gun?. Whereof 6 were 18 pounders.
About 60 men were left to man the fort. Mather, Magnalia,
II, 586, 537.

i Their whole force was 450 men. lb.

FRENCH AKD INDIAN WARS. 211

my ; you are dulf tb observe the following instnic--

tiODS.

Imprimis. You are to take care that the worship
of God be duly and constantly maintained and kept
up amongst you ; and to suffer no swearing, cursing,
or other profanation of the holy name of God ; and,
as much as in you lies, to deter and hinder all other
vices amongst your soldiers.

Secondly. You are to proceed, with the soldiers
under your command to Penobscot, and, with what
privacy, and what undiscdverable methods you can,
there to land your men, and take the best measures
to surprise the enemy.

Thirdly. You are, by killing, destroying, and all
other means possible, to endeavour the destruction
of the enemy, in pursuance whereof, being satisfied
of your courage and conduct, I leave the same to
your discretion.

Fourthly. You are to endeavour the taking what
captives you can, either men, women or children, and
the same safely to keep and convey them unto me.

Fifthly. Since it is not possible to judge how af-
fairs may be circumstanced with you there, I shall
therefore not limit your return, but leave it to your
prudence, only that you make no longer stay than
you can improve for advantage against the enemy, or
may reasonably hope for the same.

Sixthly. You are also to take care and be very
industrious by al possible mesms to find out and de-
stroy all the enemy's corn, and^ther provisions in all
places where you can come at the same.

Seventhly. You are to return from Penobscot and
those eastern parts, to make -all despatch hence for
Kennebeck river and the places adjacent, and there
prosecute all advantages against the enemy as afore-
said.

Eighthly. If any soldier, officer, or other shall
be disobedient to you as their commander in chief,
or othc^r their superiour ofiicer, or make, or cause

212 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS.

any mtitiny, commit other offence or disorders, you
shall call a council of war amongst your officers, and
having tried him or them so offending, inflict such
punishment as the merit of the offence requires, death
only excepted, which if any shall deserve, you are
to secure the person, and signify the crime unto me
by the first opportunity.

Given under my hand this llth day of August,
1692.

WILMAM PHIPS.'*

Then the Major and his forces embarked and made
the best of their way to Penobscot. And coming to
an island in those parts in the evening, landed his
forces at one end of the island. Then the Major
took part of his forces and moved (toward day) to
the other end of the said island, where tliey found
two Frenchmen and their families, in their houses ;
and, that one or both of them had Indian women to
their wives, and had children by them. The Major
presently examining the Frenchmen, [demanded]
where the Indians were ^ They told him, that there
was a great company of them upon an island just
by. And showing him the island, [he] presently
discovered several of them.

Major Church and his forces still keeping undis-
covered to them, asked the Frenchmen where their
passing place was ? Which they readily showed them.
So presently they placed an ambuscade to take any
that should come over. Then sent orders for all the
rest of the forces to come ; sending them an account
of what he had seen and met withal ; strictly charg-
ing them to keep themselves undiscovered by the
enemy. The ambuscade did not lie long before an
Indian man and woman came over in a canoe, %& the
place for landing, where the ambuscade was laid.
PThey]^ hauled up their canoe, and came right into
the hands of our ambuscade, who so suddenly surpris-

1 [who]

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 213

ed them that they could not give any notice to the
^othei^s from whence they came. The Major ordering
that none of his should offer to meddle with the
canoe, lest they should be discovered. Hoping to
lake the most of them, if his forces came as ordered,

gfie expecting them to come as 4irected.) But the
rst news [that] he had of them, was, that they were
all coming, [andp not privately as ordered, but the
vessels fair in sight of the enemy, which soon put
them all to flight. And our forces not having boats
suitable to pursue them, they got all away in their
canoes, &c. [This]^ caused Major Church to say,
[that] he would never go out again without [a]
sufficient number of whale boats, [the]^ want of which
was the ruin of that action.*

Then Major Church, according to his instructions,
tanged all those parts, to find all their corn, and
carried aboard their vessels what he thought conve-
nient, and destroyed the rest. Also finding conside-
rable quantities of plunder, viz., beaver, moose
skins, &c.

Having done what service they could in those
parts, he returned back to his excellency at Peme-
quid. Where being come, staid not long, (they be-
ing short of bread) his excellency intended [going]
home for Boston for more provisions. [In the \^ay]'*
going with Major Church and his forces to Kenne-
beck river ; and coming there gave hjm further or-
ders, which are as foUoweth.

" By hia Excellency the Governour^

To Major Benjamin Church.

You having already received former instructions,
are now .further to proceed with the soldiers under
1 [though] 2 [which] 3 [for] * [but before]

• Mather^ 11, 537, says that five prisoners were taken at
ihiB time.

214 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

your command for Kennebeck river, and the places
adjacent, and use your utmost endeavours to kill,
destroy and take captive the French and Indian ene-
my wheresoever you shall find any of them ; and at
your return to Pemequid (which you are to do as
soon as you can conveniently ; after your best en-
deavour done against the enemy, and having des-
troyed their corn and other provisions) you are to
stay with all your soldiers and officers, and set them
to work <m the fort, and make what despatch you can
in that business, staying there until my fiirther order.

WILLIAM PHIPS."

Then his excellency taking leave went for Boston,
and soon after. Major Church and his forces had a
onart fight with the enemy in Kennebeck river ; pur-
sued them so hard that they left their canoes, and
ran up into the woods. [They] still pursued them
up to their fort at Taconock,* which the enemy
perceiving, set fire to their houses in the fort^ and
ran away by the light of them ; and when Major
Church came to the said fort, [he] found nboni half
their houses standing, and the rest burnt ; also found
great <]uaittities of com, put up into Indian cribs,
which he and his forces destroyed, as ordered.

Having done what service he could in those parts,
returned to Pemequid. And coming there, employ-
ed his forces according to his instructions. Being
out of bread [and] his excellency not coming, Ma-
jor Church was obliged to borrow bread of the Cap-
tain of the man of war, that was then there, for all
the forces under his command ; his excellency not
coming as expected. But at length his excellency
came, and brought very little bread, more than

* This fort was about 64 miles from the sea. Taconock,
or as Sullivan has it, Taconnet is a great fall of water in the
Kennebeck. At this place, by order of Gov. Shirley, a fort
was built on the east bank of the river (in 1754) and called
fivtHaHfax. Minot's Hist. 1, 190.

FftfiNCH ANff IN0IAN WAR& 215

would pay what was borrowed of the man of war ;
so that in a short time after Major Church, with bis
forces, returned home to Boston, and had their wa-
ges for their good service done.

Only one thing, by the way, I will just mention ;
that is, about the six pounds [which] Major Church
borrowed as beforementioned, and put into the
hands of Mr. Fobes, who distributed the said money,
all but thirty shillings, to the Indian soldiers, as di-
rected, which was deducted out of their wages, and
the country had credit for the same. And the said
Fobes kept the tUrty shillings to himself, which
was deducted out of his wages. Whereupon Major
Walley and [the] said Fobes had some words. In
short Major Church was obliged to expend about
six pounds of his own moneyon marching down the
forces both English and Indians, to Boston, having
no drink allowed them upon the road, <&c. So,
that instead of Major Church's having the allowmices
aforementioned by Major Walley, he was out of
pocket about twelve pounds over and above- what he
had ; all which had not been, had not his excellency
been gone out of the country.

THE FOURTH EXPEDITION EAST.

In 1696, Major <^hurch being at Boston, and be-
tonging to the house of rejwesentatives, several gen-
tlemen requesting him to go east again, and the
general court having made acts of encouragement,
&c. He told them, [that] if they would provide
whale boats, and other necessaries convenient, he
would. Being also requested by the said general
court, he proceeded to raise volunteers ; and made
it his whole business, riding both east and west in
our province and Connecticut, at great charge and
expenses. And in about a month's time, rained a

216 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR«.

sufficient number oat of those parts, and marched
them down to Boston. Where he had the promise
that every thing should be ready in three weeks,
or a month's time ; but was obliged to stay conside-
rably longer. Being now at Boston, he received his
commission and instructions, which are as folio weth.

«* WILLIAM STOUGHTON,* Esquire, Lieutenant
Govemaury and Commmnderin Chief, in and over
his Mqjesty^s province of Massachusetts bay, in
J^Tewengland,

To Major Benjamin Church, Greeting.

Whereas there are several companies raised,
consisting of Englishmen and Indians, for his Majes-
ty's service, to go forth upon the encouragement
given by the great and general court, or assembly
of this his Majesty's province, convened at Boston,
the 27th day of May, 1696, to prosecute the French
and Indian enemy, &c. And you havihg offered
yourself to take the command and conduct of the
said several companifs. By virtue, therefore, of the
power and authority in and by his Majesty's royal^
commission to me granted, reposing special trust
and confidence in your loyalty, prudence, courage

* Mr. Stoug;hton was the son of Israel Stoughton of Dor-
chejBter, at which place he was born in 1632. He graduated
at Harvard college, 1650, and engaging in the study of divin-
ity, is said to have made an excellent preacher, but was
never settled. Is also said to have possessed good talents ^
and great learning. It may be allo^d that he bad a gt'eat
deal of some kind of learning, and yet, destitute of much
solid understanding or science. This no one will doubt,
when informed that he was one of the principal judges, who
sat and condemned so many unfortunate persons for the
imaginary crime of vntcherajt, in the teitch c^e of Salem ;
and to add to his misfortunes, Dr. Eliot says, that " he was
more obstinate in his erroar than others on the bench."
When Phips left the government, he was the commander in
chief. In 1700 he was again in the office. He died in Vj^.
At bis expense was the college called Stoughton hall Imiit.
N. £. Biog. 444, 5.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 217

♦

and good conduct. I do by these presents consti-
tute and appoint you to be Major of the said several
companies, both Englishmen and Indians, raised for
his Majesty's service upon the encouragement afore-
said. You are therefore carefully and diligently to
perform the duty of your place, by leading, ordering,
and exercising the said several companies in arms,
both inferiour officers and soldiers, keeping them in
good order and discipline, commanding them to
^cbey you' as their Major. And yourself diligently
to intenjliiis Majesty's service for the prosecuting,
pursuing, taking, killing or destroying the said ene-
my by sea or land ; and to observe all such orders
and instructions as you shall from time to time re-
ceive from myself, or commander in chief for the
time being, according to the rules and discipline of
war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given
under my hand and seal at arms, at Boston, the
third day of August, 1 696, in the eighth year of the
reign of our sovereign Lord William the III, by
the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France,
and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c.

WILLIAM STOUGHTON.
By command of the Lieut. Governour, &,c.

Isaac Addington, Secr,^^

^Province of Massachusetts bay. By the Right
Honourable the lAexUenant Governour and Com^
mander in Chief.

Instructions for Major Benjamin Church, Com-
. mander of the forces raised for his Majesty^ s ser-^
vice, against the French and Indian enemy and
rebels.

Pursuant to the commission given you, you are
to embark the forces now furnished and equipped
for his Majesty's service on the present expedition
to the eastern parts of this province, and with them,
and such others as shall offer themselves to go forth

218 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKS.

on the said service, to sail unto Piscataqua, to join
those lately despatched thither for the same expedi*
tion, to aw{^it your coming. And with all care and
diligence to improve the vessels, boats and men un-
der your command in search for, prosecution and
pursuit of, the said enemy at such places where you
may be informed of their abode or resort, or wh^re
you may probably expect to find, or meet with them,
and take all advantages against them which provi-
dence shall favour you with.

You are not to list or accept any soldiers that are
already in his Majesty's pay, and posted at any town
or garrison within this province, without special order
from myself.

You are to require and give strict orders that the
duties of religion be attended on board the several
vessels, and in the several companies under your com-
mand, by daily prayers unto God, and reading his
lioly word, and observance of the Lord's day to the
utmost you can.

You are to see tliat your soldiers haye their due
allowance of provisions, and other necessaries, and
that the sick or wounded be accommodated in the
best manner your circumstances v/ill admit. And
that good order and command may be kept up and
maintained in the several companies, and all disor-
ders, drunkenness, profane cursing, swearing, disobe-
dience of officers, mutinies, omissions or neglect of
duty, be duly punished according to the laws mar-
tial. And you are to require the Captain or chief
officer of each company, with the clerk of the same,
to keep an exact journal of all their proceedings
from time to time.

In case any of the Indian enemy and rebels oflTer
to submit themselves, vou arc to receive them, only
at discretion ; but if you think fit to improve any ol
them, or any others which you may happen to take
prisoners, you may encourage them to be faithfiil by

PEENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 219

the promise of their lives, which shall be gianted
upon approbation of their fidelity.

Yon are carefully to look after the Indians which
]rou have out of the prison, so that they may
not have opportunity to escape but otherwise im-
prove them to what advantage you can, and return
them back again to this place.

You are to advise, as you can have occasion, witli
Captain John Gorhara, who accompanies you in this
expedition, and is to take your command in case oi
your death. A copy of th^se instructions you are
to leave with him, and to give me an account from
time to time of your proceedings.

WILLIAM STOUGHTON.

Boston, August 12th, 1696."

In the time [that] Major Church lay at Boston, the
news came of Pemequid fort's being taken.* It came

* Thus the fort which had cost the country an immense sum
of money, was entirely demolished. This was fort William
Henry, built in the last expedition. Two men of war were
sent from Boston, early this year, (1696) to cruise off the river
St. Johns, for an expected French store ship ; but unhappily,
the French at Quebeck had despatched two men of war for
the capture of the above said fort. These fell in with the two
English vessels, and being n^ore than a match for them, cap-
lured one, called the Nevvport, the other, taking advantage
of a fog, got back to Boston. The French now proceeded to
attack the fort, being strengthened by the addition of the
Newport, and Baron Castine with 200 Indians. The French
were commanded by one Iberville, " a brave and experienced
oflficer," and the English fort by one Chubb, without brave-
ry or experience. On the 14 July, Iberville arrived befoye.
the fort, and immediately Sent in a summons for its surren-
der. Chubb returned a mere gasconade for an answer.
Says he, " If the sea were covered with French vessels, and
the land wi^h Indians, yet I would not give up the fort."
Some firing then commenced with the small arms, and thus
closed the first day. The night following Iberville landed
some cannon and mortars, and by the next day at S of the
clock, had so raised his works as to throw 5 bombs into the
fort, to the great terror of Chubb and his men. And to add
to their terror, Castine found means to convey a letter into

220 FRENCH AND INblAN WARS.

)by a shallop that brought some prisoners to Boston,
who gave an account, also, that there was a French
ship at Mountdesart^ that had taken a ship of ours.
So the discourse was, that they would send the man
of war,f with other forces to take the said French
«hip, and retake ours. But in the mean time Major
Church and his forces being ready, embarked, and on
the fifteenth day of August, set sail for Piscataqua,
where more men were to join them. (But before
they left Boston, Major Church discoursed ^ with the
Captain of the man of war, who promised him, [that]
if he went to Mountdesart, in pursuit of the French
ship, that he would call for him and his forces at Pis-
cataqua, expecting that the French and Indians
might not be far from the said French ship, so that ^
he might have an opportunity to fight them while he
was engaged with the French ship^

Soon after the forces arrived at Piscataqua, the
Major sent his Indian soldiers to Colonel Gidney,t *^

the fort, importing, that " if they held out the Indians would
not he restrained, for he had seen such orders from the Kin^
to Iberville." Upon this Chubb surrendered and the French
demolished the tott, Hutchinson, II, 88 to 90. Mather»
Magnalia, II, 549, says, that the fort contained ^< 95 men
double armed which might have defended it against nine
times as many assailants." Chubb lived at Andover, where
in February following he was killed by a small party of
about 30 Indians, who fell upon the place. lb. 554.

* Desert it should be. A very large island covering the
area of a1t)out 180 square miles, and nearly all the waters of
the bay of Fundy or Frenchman's bay. It was named Monts
Deserts by Champlain, in honour, perhaps, of De Monts
with whom he haa formerly sailed. It was once called Mt.
Mansell by the English, which, Mr. Savage (in Winthrop,^

I, Sd) thinks was so ealled in honour of Sir Robert Mansell
named in the great Charter.

t There were two men of war now at Boston, which with
some other vessels were sent in pursuit of the enemy and
came in sight of them, but effected nothing. Hutchmsooi

II, 91.

} Bartholomew Gidney, one of the judges of 1693, whose
name is sufficiently perpetuated in CalePs " More Woadert

PREKCH ANi> INDIAN WARS. 221

York, to be assisting for the defence of those pkces,*^
Who gave them a good commend for their ready and
willing services done ; in scouting and the like.

Lying at Piscataqua with the rest of our forces
near a week, waiting for more forces who were to
join them, to make up their complement.f In all
which time heard never a word of the man of war.
On the twentysecond of August, they all embarked
ffrom]^ Piscataqua. And when they came against
York, the Major went ashore, sending Captain (Jor-
ham J with some forces in two brigantines and a sloop,
to Winterhatbour. Ordering him to send out scouts,
to see if they could make any discovery of the ene-
my, and to wait there till he came to them.

Major Church coming to York, Colonel Gidney
told him, [that] his opinion was, that the enemy was
drawn off" from those parts ; for that the scouts could
not "discover any of them, nor their tracks. So hav-
ing done his business there, went with what forces he
had there, to Winterharbour, where he had the same
account from Captain Gorham, [viz.,] that they had
not discovered any of the enemy, nor any new tracks.
So, concluding [that] they were gone from those
parts towards Penobscot, the Major ordered all the
vessels to come to cail, and make the best of their

1 [for]

<^.»i.|-lW, I I ■I.IM !■■ .— ^« -—■ -■ --. ■ »l I ■ .1.1 ^ ■ , . ^1 I ■»■ .MM > I 11 I ■■! <

of the Invisible World.*' He was an associate with Haw-
thorn and Cui'win, in executing the laws against witchcraft.
Small time has been spent for more information of him, and
as little has been found.

* The French were expected to make other attempts
along the coast, which they threatened after their success at
Pemmaquid.

t Their whole force, it appears from Hutchinson, II, 91,
was 500 men.

J Captain John Gorham seems from this time through this
and the other expeditions to have acted a conspicuous part.
I have found no other accounts of him.

19*

23S FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

way ta Monhegin,* which being not far from Fenob-
scot, where the main body of our enemy's living was.
Being in great hopes to come up with the army of
French and Indians, before they had scattered and
gone p?ist Penobscot, or Mountdesart, which is the
chief place of their departure from each other after
such actions.

Having a fair wind, made the best of their way,
and early next morning they got into Monhegin.
And Uiere lay all day fitting their boats, and other
necessaries to embark in the night at Mussleneckf
with their boats. Lying there all day to keep undis-
covered from the enemy. At night the Major order-
ed the vessels all to come to sail, and carry the for-
ces over the bay{ near Penobscot. But having little
wind, he ordered all the soldiers to embark on board
the boats with eight days provision, and sent the ves-
sels back to Monhegin, that they might not be dis-
covered by the enemy; giving them orders, when
andf^ where they should come to him.

The forces being all ready in their boats, rowing
very hard, got ashore at a point near Penobscot.^
just as the day broke. [They]^ hid their boats, and
keeping a good look out by sea, and sent out scouts
by land, but could not discover either cajioes or In-
dians. What tracks and fire places they saw were
judged to be seven or eight days before they came.
As soon as night came, that they might go undis-
covered, got into their boats, and, went by Mussle-
neck, and so amongst Penobscot islands, looking very
sharp as they v/ent, for fires on the shore, and for
canoes but found neither. *

1 [and]

* An island on the east side of Kennebeck river, and about
10 miles from the main, celebrated as the place where Capt.
John Smith landed in 1614 ; here he built some houses, tne
remains of which were to be seen when Judge Sullivan wrote
his history. It is spelt Monheagan.

t A p(»nt in Monheagan island.

i The bay of Penobscot. § Mouth of the river.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 223

Getting up to Mathebestucks hills, [and] day com-
ing on, landed and hid their boats ; looking out for
the enemy, as the day before, but to little purpose/
Night coming on, to their oars again, working very
hard ; turned night into day, [which] made several
of their new soldiers grumble. But telling them
[that] they hoped to come up quickly with the enemy,
put new life into them. By daylight they got into the
mouth of the river, where landing, found many ren-
dezvous, and fireplaces, where the Indians had been ;
but at the same space of time as beforementioned*
And no canoes passed up the river that day. Their
pilot, Joseph York,* infoi-med the Major, that fifty
or sixty miles up that river, at the great falls, the ene-
my had a great rendezvous, and planted a great
quantity of corn, when he was a prisoner with them,
four years ago ; and that he was very well acquaint-
ed there. This gave great encouragement to have
had some considerable advantage of the enemy at
that place.

So using their utmost endeavours to^get up there
undiscovered. And coming there found no enemy,
nor corn planted ; they having deserted the place.
And ranging about the falls on both sides of the river,
leaving men on the east side of the said river, and
the boats just below the falls, with a good guard to
secure them, and to take the enemy if they came
down the river in their canoes. The west side being
the place where the enemy lived and best to travel
on, they resolved to range as privately as they could.
A mile or two above the falls, [they] discovered a
birch canoe coming down with two Indians in it.
The Major sent word immediately back to those at
the falls, to lie very close, and let them pass down
the falls, and to take them alive, that he might have

intelligence where the enemy were, (which would

■

* York firobably belonged here, for it appears from Sulli-
van, 146, that persons of this name were among the early
proprietors of the lands of Kennebefsk,

3H FRENCH AJX» INIHAN WARS.

have been a great advantage to them*) But a feofkb
soldier seeing them pass by him, shot at .them, cmt*^
trary to orders given, which prevented them [from}
going into the ambuscade, that was laid for them*
Whereupon several more of our m^i being nekt^
shot at them. So that one of them could n<H stand
when he got ashore, but crept away into the bniflh«
The oUier stepped out of the canoe with his paddle
in his hand, and ran about a rod and then threw down
his paddle, and turned back and took up his guA^
and so escaped. One of our Indians swam over th^
river, and fetched the canoe, wherein was a consider^
able quantity of blood on the seats that the Indiana
sat coi, [and] the canoe had several holes shot in her«
They stopped the holes, and then Captain Bracket^,
with an Indian soldier, went over the river, [andp
tracked them by the blood about half a mile, [wher#
they] found his gun, took it up md seeing the blood
no fiirther, concludied that he stopped [it J^ and so
got away.

In the mean time, anotlier canoe with three men
were coming down the river, [and being]^ fired a^
by some of our forces, ran ashore, and left two of
their guns in the canoe, which were taken ; and al-
so a letter from a priest to Casteen, [giving]* him ad
account of the French and Indians returnmg over
the lake to Mountroyal,t and of their little service
done upon the Maquasf Indians westward ; only de^

1 [who] 2 [his blood] 3 [were] * [that gave]

■ ■ ■ ■ , . ■ » ■ I ■

• The same person mentioned at page 166.

t Montreal.

t This was the name given by the Dutch to the Fivenar
tions of Indians. See N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 44. By th«
French they were called Iroquois, between whom their wars
were almost perpetual. An account of what is hinted at in
the text may be ^een in Smith's Newyork, 147, 149, and N.
Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 67, 68. The expedition was executed ^
Under count De Frontenac now (1696) Governour of Cana- *
da. He had as'^embled a great do<1j of his friend Indians
from different nations, which he joined with two battalion))

VftENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 225

molishing one fort, and cutting down some corn,
&c. He desiring to hear of the proceedings of De-
borahuel, and the French man of war. And inform*
ed him that there were seyeral canoes coming with
workmen from Clnebeck, to St. Johns.* Where
since, we concluded, it was to build a fort at the
river's mouth, wlien the great guns were taken, &c.
It being just night, the officers were called to-
gether lo advise, and their pilot, York, informed
diem of a fort up that river, and that it was built on
a little island in that river ; and that there was no
getting to it, but in canoes, or on the ice in the
winter time. . This with the certain knowledge that
we were discovered by the enemy that escaped out
of the upper canoe, concluded it not proper, at that
time, to proceed any further up ; and that there was
Ro getting any further with our boats ; and the ene-
my being alarmed, would certainly fly from them
(aiid do'as they did four years ago at their fort at
Taconock. Having fought them in Kennebeck river,
and pursued them about thirty miles to Taconock,
they then set their fort on fire, and ran away by the
light of it, ours not being able to come up with them
at that place.)

in > I.I ■ ■ I ■ _

of regulars. They left Montreal about the first of July, and
with the greatest difficulty penetrated about 200 miles into
the wilderness. Nothing was effected by this great army,
but the burning of a few Indian huts, and torturing a few
prisoners. One circumstance of the latter, as a striking ex-
ample, of magnanimity, on the one side, and more than sav-
age barbarity on the other, ishall be related. On the ap-
proach of the Count with his army to an Indian town, it was
deserted by all its inhabitants, except an aged chief, of near
100 years. He was immediately put to torment. One
sCabbed him with a knife, at which he exclaimed, " You had
better make me die by fire, that these French dogs may Iftarn
how to suffer like men," eu;. He continued firm until he
expired under the most excruciating torture that could be
•invented.

* At the mouth of the river St. Johns, in what is now N.
Brunswick.

226 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

Major Church then encouraging his soldiers, told
them, [that] he hoped they should meet with part of
the enemy in Penobscot bay, or at Mountdesart,
where the French ships were. So, notwithstanding
they had been rowing several nights before, with
much toil, besides were short of provisions, they
cheerfully embarked on board their boats, and went
down the river both with and against the tide. And
next morning came to their vessels, wher^ tite Major
had ordered them to meet him, who could give him
no intelligence of any enemy. Where being come
they refreshed themselves. Meeting then with ano-
ther disappointment ; for their pilot, York, not be-
ing acquainted any further, they began to lament
the loss of one Robert Cawley, whom they chiefly
depended on for all the service to be done now
eastward. He having been" taken away from them
the night before they set sail from Boston (and was
on board Mr. Thorp's sloop) and put on board the
man of war unknown to Major Church, notwithstand-
ing he had been at the trouble and charge of pro-
curing him. Then the Major was obliged to one
Bord,^ procured by Mr. William Alden, who being
acquainted in those parts, to leave his vessel, and
go with him in the boats, which he readily complied
with, and so went to Nasketf point, where being in-
formed was a likely place to meet the enemy. Com-
ing there, found several houses and small fields of
corn, the fires having been out several days, and no
new tracks. But upon Penobscot island they found
several Indian houses, corn and turnips. Though
the enemy still being all gone, as beforementioned.

Then they divided, and sent their boats some one
way, and some another, thinking, that if any strag-
gling Indians, or Casteen hiihself, should be there-

- -

* The name of Bord or rather Bead as Sullivan haft it, is
found among the first inhabitants of Saco. Hist. Maine, 218.

t Or Nauseag, in the town of Woolwich on the east side of
the Kenhebeck.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. • 22T

about, they might find them, but it proved all in.
vain. Himself and several boats went to Mountde-
sart, to see if the French ships were gone^ and
whether any of the enemy might be there, but to no
purpose ; the ships being gone and the enemy abo.
They being now got several leagues to the westward
of their vessels, and seeing that the way-twas clear
for their vessels to pass ; and all their extreme row-
ing, andjtravelling by land and water, night and day,
to be all in vain. (The enemy having left those
parts as they judged, about eight or ten days before.)
And then returning to their vessels, the commander
calling all his officers together, to consult and re-
solve what to do ; concluding that the enemy, by
some means or other, had received some intelligence
of their being come out against them ; and that they
were in no necessity to -come down to the sea side
as yet, moose and beaver now being fat.

They then agreed to go so far east, and employ
themselves, that the enemy belonging to these parts,
might think [that] they were gone home. Having
some discourse about going over to St. Johns. But
the masters of the vessels said, [that] [they]' had as
good carry them to old France, &c., which put off
that design. (They concluding that the French ships
were there.) Then the Major moved for going over
the bay towards Lahane,* and towards the gut of
Cancer,f where was another considerable fort of In-
dians, who often came to the assistance of our ene-
my, the barbarous Indians. Saying, that by the
time they should return again, the enemy belonging
to these parts would come down again, expecting
that we were gone home. But in short, could not
prevail with the masters of the open sloops to ven-

* This Eame is spelt Layhone in a succeeding page.

t Properly, Canceau, and pronounced Canso. It is the
strait between Cape Breton island and Novascotia connect*
ing the Atlantic with the gulf of St. Lawrence.

228 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

tore across the bay.* [They]^ said [that] it was
very dangerous so late in the year, ana as much as
iheir lives were worth, &c.

Then they concluded and resolved to go to Se-
nactaca,f wherein there was a ready compliance.
(But the want of their pilot, Robert Cawley, was a
great damage to them, who knew all those parts.)
However, Mr. John Alden, master of the brigantine En-
deavour, piloted them up the bay to Senactaca. And
coming to Grri/wfoncJ point, being not far from Se*
nactaca, then came to, with all the vessels, and ear^
ly next morning came to sail, and about sunrise got
into town. But it being so late before we landed,
that the enemy, most of them, made their escape.
And as it happened [we] landed -where the French
and Indians had some time before killed Lieutenant
John Paine,§ and several of Captain Smithson's men^
that were with said Paine. They seeing our forces
coming, took the opportunity, fired several guns,
and so ran all into the woods, [andj carried all or
most part of their goods With them. One Jarman ♦
Bridgwayll came running towards our forces, with a

1 [who]

I - _-■--■■ r I— ■ r^

•Bay of Fundy.

t This, I presume, is what is called Signecto in Gov. Dad-
ley's instructions to Col. Church for the fifth expedition. It
is since written Chignecto, and is the northern arm of the
bay between Novascotia and Newbrunswick. Here the tide
rises and falls 60 feet.

X I suppose the reader would get over this word better,
were it spelt better. But the alteration would be immaterial,
as it is the name of a place.

§ The same, I presume, who, in 1676-7, assisted Major
Waldron In settling a treaty with the eastern Indiansi I
learn no more of him than is foun^-in Mr. Hubbard^, Nar
349, &c. Of Smithson I learn notmng.

H Charlevoix, who was 'better acquainted with French
names than our author, calls him Bourgeois, He was one
of the principal inhabitants of the place. See Hist. Mas. II,
92, 98. Hutchinson, ib., says, that '^Church calls him Bridge
man." Perhaps he did in hi3 despatches, but it i^ not so
spelt in my copy.

FRENCH 4ND INDIAN WARS. 229

gun in one hand, and his cartridge box in the other,
[and] calling to our forces to stop, that he might
speak with them. But Major Church thinking [that
this]^ was [done] that they nught have some advan-
tage, ordered them to run on. When the said
Bridgway saw [that] they would not stop, turned
and ran. But the Major called unto him, and bid
him stop, or he should be shot down. Some of our
forces being near to the said Bridgway, said, [that]
it was the General that called to him. He hearing
that, stopped and turned about, laying down his gun,
stood, till the Major came up to him. His desire
was, that the commander would make haste with
him to his house, lest the savages^ should kill- his
father and mother, who were upward of four score
years of age, and could not go. The Major asked
the said Bridgway whether there were any Indians
amongst them, and where they lived *? He shaked
his head, and said, he durst not tell, for if he did,
they would take an opportunity, and kill him and
his. So all that could be got out of him was, that
they were run into the woods with the rest.

Then orders were given to pursue the enemy,
and to kill what Indians they could find, and take
the French alive, and give them quarter if they ask-
ed it.

Our forces soon took three Frenchmen, who, up-
on examination, said, that the Indians were all run
into the woods. The French firing several guns,
and ours at them. But they being better acquain-
ted with the woods than ours, got away. The Ma-
jor took the abovesaid Jarman Bridgway for a pilot,
and with some of his forces went over a river; to
several of their houses, but the people were gone,
and f had] carried their goods with them. In rang-
ing the woods [they] found several Indian houses,

1 [it]

| - r . _ j i 1 - 1 ■ I J r ■! - - ■ -- ■ - - ■ — - I I. - III .^^^^^_.

* Church's savages.
20

ii30 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS.

their fires being just out, but no Indians. Spending
that day in ranging to and fro, found considerable
of their goods, and but few people. At night the
Major wrote a letter, and sent out two French pri-
soners, wherein was signified, that if they would
come in, they should have good quarters. The
next day several came in, which did belong to
that part of the town where our forces first land-
ed, [and]^ had encouragements given them by
our commander, [viz.,] that if they would assist
liim in taking those Indians, which belonged to
those parts, they should have their goods re-
turned to them again, and their estates should
not- be demnified; [butp they refused.* Then
the Major and his forces pursued their design. f
1 [who] ' 2 [which] - \

* What Hutchinson, 11, 92, observes concerning this very
severe requisition, is too just to be unnoticed. " This was a
hard condition, and in effect, obliging them to quit their
country ; for otherwise, as soon as the English had left them
without sufficient protection, the incensed Indians would
have fell upon them without mercy."

t "Charlevoix says, (in Hist. Mas. II, 92, 93,) that Bour-
geois produced a writing, by which Sir William Phips had
giren assurances of j^rotection to the inhabitants of Chignec-
to, whilst they remained faithful subjects of King William ;
and that Church gave orders that nothing in their houses,
&.C., should be touched ; but whilst he was entertained by
Bourgeois, together with the principal officers, the rest of the
army dispersed themselves among the other houses and be-
haved as if they had been in a conquered country." And,
•' that many of the inhabitants, not trusting to the promises
of the General [Church] refused to come in, and that it was
very well they did ; for soon after he broke through all
bounds, and left only the church and a few houses and barns
standing ; and having discovered, posted up in the church,
an order of Frontenac, the Governour of Canada, for the re-
gulation of trade, he threatened to treat them as rebels^ set
iire to the church, and the houses which he had spared and
which were now all reduced to ashes ; and having done this,
he presented a writing which he told them was an acknowl-
edgement of their having renewed their subjection to King
William, and would be a security to them in case any Eng-
lish should again land among them." Before regarding this

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 231

And went further ranging their country, found seve-
ral more houses, but the people [had] fled, and car-
ried What they had away. But in a creek [they]
found a prize bark, that was brought in there by a
French privateer. In ranging the woods, took some
prisoners,- who upon examination gave our comman-
der an account, that there were some Indians upon
a neck of land, towards Menis.*

So a party of men was sent into those woods. In
their ranging about the said neck, found some plun-
der, and a considerable quantity of whortleberries,
both green and dry, which were gathered by the In-
dians. [They]^ had like to have taken two Indians ;
[but]^ by the help of a birch canoe [they] got over
the river, and mside their escape. Also they found
two barrels of powder, and near half a bushel of bul-
lets. The French denying [them]^ to be theirs, [and]
said [that] they were the savages; but sure it might
be a si4:>ply for our enemies. Also, they took from
Jarman Bridgway several barrels of powder, with
bullets, shot, spears and knives, and other simplies
to relieve our enemies. He owned that he had been
trading with those Indians along Cape Sablef shore,
with Peter Assnow ; and, that there he met with the
French ships, and went along with them to St. Johns^
and helped them to unload the said ships, and car-
ried up the river provisions, ammunition and other
goods to Vilboon's fort.f

The Major having ranged all places that were
thought proper, returned back to the place where
i[and] 2 [who] 3 [it]

account as perfectly correct, it should be remembered that
the Jesuit Charlevoix ever portrays the affairs of the French
in amiable colours.

• * Oil a basin of the east arm of the bay between Novasco-
tia and Newbrunswick. Morse spells the word two ways,
viz., Mines and Minas.

t The southwest point of Novascotia.

:j; This fort was upon the river St. Johns.

. £32 FRENCH AND INDIAN WaRS.

they first landed. And finding geveral prisoners come
in, who were troubled to see their cattle, sheep, hogs
and dogs lying dead about their houses, chopped and
hacked widi hatchets, (which was done without order
from the Major.) Ho\<iever, he told them, [that] it
wa^ nothing to what our poor English, in our frontier
towns, were forced to look upon. For men, women
and children were chopped and hacked so, and left
half dead, with all their scalps taken off; and that
they and their Indians served ours so ; and our sava-
ges would be glad to serve them so too, if he would
permit them, which caused them to be mighty sub-
missive. And [they] begged the Major that ne would
not let the savages serve them so.

Our Indians being somewhat sensible of the dis-
course, desired to have some of them to roast, and so
to make a dance. And dancing in a hideous man-,
ner, to terrify them, said, that they could eat any
sort of flesh, and that some of theirs would make
their hearts strong. [And] stepping up to some of
the prisoners, said that they must have their scalps,
which much terrified the poor prisoners, who begged
for their lives. The Mqjor told them [that] he did
not design the savages should hurt them ; but it was
to let them see a little what the poor English felt,
saying, [that] it was not their scalps [that] he want-
ed, but the savages ; for he should get nothing by
them ; and told them, that their fathers, the friars and
Governours encouraged their savages, and gave them
money to scalp our English, notwithstanding they
were with them, which several of our English, there
present, did testify to their faces, that their fathers
and mothers were served so in their sight.

But the Major bid them tell their fathers, (the fi-i-
ars and Governours,) that if they still persisted, and
let their wretched savages kill and destroy the poor .
English at that rate, he would come with some hun-
dreds of savages, and let them loose amongst them,
who would kill, scalp, and carry away every French

QUENCH AND INDUN WARS. 33» ^

^rson in all those parts ; for they were the root ftom
whence all the branches came, that hurt us. For
the Indians could not do us any harm, if they [the
French] did not relieve and supply them. The
French being sensible of the Major's kindness to
them, kissed his hand, and were vety thankful to hiili
for his favour to them in saving^their lives. [They]
owned that their priests* were at the taking of Peme-
quid fort, and were npw gone to Layhone, with some
of thelndians, to meet the French ^hips, but for what,
they would not tell, -t^ ^ -

The commander, i?sit{i hia forces, having done all
they could in those parts, concluded" to go to St*
Johns river, to do further service for their King and
country; [so] embarked^ all on board their trans-
ports, f And having a fair wind, soon got to Mono-
genest, J which lies a little distance from the mouth
of St. Johns river.

Next morning early, the Major with his forces,
landed to see what discovery they could make ; [so
they] travelled across the woods to the old fort or
falls at the mouth of St. Johns river, keeping them-
selves undiscovered from the enemy. Finding that
there were several men at work, and having informed
themselves as much as they could, (the enemy being
on the other side of the river, could not come at
them) returned back. But night coming on, and
dark wet weather, with bad travelling, were t)bliged
to stop in the woods till towards next d^y morning,
and then went on board.

Soon after the Major ordered all the. vessels to
come to sail, and go into the mouth of the river.
-[That] being done, it was not long before the Major
and his forces landed on the east side of thfe river,
the French firing briskly at them, but did them no

* Castine was mentioned as being there^ See note, pag^

t On the 20 September.
J On the north side of the riter.

20*

2S4, FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

hiunn. And running fiercely upon the enemy, they
soon fled into the woods. The Major ordered a brisk
party to run across a neck to cut them off fronf their
canoes, which the day before they had made a dis-»
covery of. So the commander, with the rest, ran
directly towards the new fort [that] they were build-
ing, not knowing but [that] they had some ordnance
mounted. The enemy running directly to their ca-
noes, were met by our forces, who fired at them and
killed one, and wounded Corporal Canton, who was
taken. The rest threw down what they had, and ran
into the woods. The said prisoner, Canton, being
brought to the Major, told him, [that] if he would
let his surgeon dress his wound and cure him, he
would be serviceable to him as long as he lived. So
being dressed, he was examined. [He]^ gave the
Major an account of the twelve great guns which
were hid in the beach, below high water mark.
(The carriages, Wiot, and wheelbarrows, some flour
and pork, all hid in the woods.)

The next morning the officers being all ordered
to meet together, to consult about going to Vilboon's
fort, and none amongst them being acquainted
but the Aldens, who said, [that] the water in the
river was very low, so that uiey could not get up to
the fort 5 and the prisoner, Canton, told the Com-
mander, that what the Aldens said was true. So
not being willing to niake a Canada expedition, con-
cluded [that] it was not practicable to proceed.*
Then ordered some of the forces to get the great
guns on board the open sloops, and the rest to range
the woods for the enemy, who took one prisoner and
brought [him] in. [They]* in their ranging, found
there a shallop, hauled in a creek. And a day or
two after there came in a young soldier to our forces,
i[Who] 2 [who]

• The unsuccessful attempt on Quebeck by Sir William
Phips, which was rendered abortive by the lateness of the
season*

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 235

who upon examination, gave an account of two more
which he left in the woods at some distance. So
immediately the Major with some of his forces went
in pursuit of them, taking the said prisoner with
them, who conveyed them to the place where he left
them, but they were gone. [They] then asked the
prisoner, whether there were any Indians in those
parts 9 [He] said No, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon,
their Governour, to get an Indian down to the water
side, as it was for him to carry one of those great
guns on his back to his fort. For they having had
intelligence by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that
gave them an account of Major Church and his for-
ces coming out against them.

Now, having with a great deal of pains and trou-
ble, got all the guns, shot, and other stores aboard,
intended [to proceed] on our design, which we came
out first for. But the wind not serving, the com-
mander sent out his scouts into the woods to seek
for the enemy. ^ And four of our Indians came upon
three Frenchmen undiscovered, who concluded, that
if the French should discover them, [they] would
fire at them, and might kill one or more of them ;
which, to prevent, fired at the French, killed one,
and took the other two prisoners. And it happened
that he who was killed, was Shanelere, the chief
man there, etc.

The same day they mended their whale ' bo&ts,
and the shallop which they took ; fitting her to row
with eight oars, that she might be helpfiil to their
prosecuting their intended design against the enemy,
in their returning homeward. Then the commander
ordering all the officers to come together, informed
them of his intentions ; and ordered that no vessels
should depart from the fleet, but to attend the mo-
tions of their Commodore, as formerly ; except they
were parted by storms, or thick fogs. And if so, it
should happen that any did part, when they came to

r
I

JSe FRENCH AND INDIAN WAES/

JPassamequady ,* shoald stop there awhile ; fyf
there they intended to stop and do basiness, with
the help of their boats against the enemy. And if
they missed that, to stop at Machias,f whieh was
the next place [that] he intended to stop at. Hav^
ing an account oy the prison^ps taken that Mr. Lote^
ril{ was there, a trading with the Indians in the
river. [And] encouraging them, said, [that] he did
not doubt but to have a good booty there. And if
they should pass those two places, be sure not to go
past Naskege<^ point ; but to stop there till he came,
and not to depart thence in a fortnight without his
orders ; having great service to do in and about Pe*
nobscot, &c.

Then Major Church discoursed with Captain
Bracket, Captain Hunewell, and Captain Larking,
(with their Lieutenants) commanders of the forces,
belonging to the eastward parts, who were to dis-
course their soldiers about their proceedings, when
they came to Penobscot. And the Major himself
was to discourse his Indian soldiers, and their Cap-
tains, who with all the rest readily complied. The
projection being such, that when they came to Pe-
nobscot, the commander designed to take what pro-

* Better written Fassammaquaddy. Coasters call it Quod-
dy. It is a deep bay, which begins the separation of the
British dominions from Maine.

t The bay of Machias is separated from Passamraaquoddy
by Pleasant point on the west. A river flows into this bay
of the same name, on which is the town of Machias.

1 Whoever this person might be, we hear no more of him,
only that he was a Frenchman, and had a family at Mount-
desert ; that he. was taken in the last expedijtion ; and that
his name was o^c{ Jjateril or Lotriell according to the early
writers who mention him, which of course, was all they kneW
about liim.

§ What Sullivan calls Nauseag, I expect, almost up to the
Rennebeck, but on the east side, and now within the town
of Wool wieb. See page 2516, of this history, where it is spelt*
Nasket.

BLENCH AND INDIAN WARS: ^37

visions could be spared out of all the sloops, and
put £it] on board the two brigantines, and to send
all the sloops home with some of the officers and
men that wanted to be at home. And then with
those forces aforementioned, to wity the eastward
men, and all the Indies; and to take what provi-
sions and ammunition was needful, and to march
with himself up into the Penobscot country, in
search of the enemy, and if posssible to take that
fort in Penobscot river. Captain Bracket informing
the Major, that when the water was low, they could
wade over, which was at that time, the lowest that
had been known in a long time.

And being there, to range through that country
down to Pemequid, where he intended f that] the
two brigantines should meet them ; and from i hence
taking more provisions, viz., bread, salt, and ammu-
nition suitable (to send those two vessels home also)
to travel through the country to Nerigiwack,* and
from thence to Amerascogen fort, and so dow^n
where the enemy used to plant. Not doubting but
that in all this travel to meet with many of the ene-
my before they should get to Piscataqua. All
which intentions were v^ry acceptable to the forces
that were to undertake it. [And]^ rejoicing, said,
they had rather go home by land than by water,
provided their commander went with them. [He,]®
to try their fidelity, said [that] he was grown an-
cient, and might fail them. [But] they all said they
would not leave him, and when he could not travel
any further, they would carry him.

Having done what service they could, at and
about the mouth of St. Johns river, resolved on their

1 [who} 2 [who]

■ ■■I I 1 1 I I ■ — - — — ■»

♦ Norridgewock, This name has been subject to almost
as many methods of spelling, as its neighbour, Androscoggin.
It was an aincient celebrated Indian town on the Kennebeck
river, about 84 miles from its mouth by the course of the river,
«uUivan, 31, 82.

aaS FRKNCH ilfND INDIAN WARS.

intended design. And the next morning, having
but little wind, came all to sail. The wind coming
against them they put into Mushquash cove. And
the next day the wind being still against them, the
Major with part of his forces landed, and employed
themselves in ranging the country for the enemy,
but to no purpose. [But]^ in the night the wind
came pretty fair, and at twelve o'clock they came to
sail. [They]^ had not been out long before they
spied three sail of vessels ; expecting them to be
French, fitted, to defend themselves. So coming
near, hailed them, [and]^ found them to be a man of
war, the province galley, and old Mr. Alden^ in ai
sloop, with more forces, Colonel Hathornef com-
mander.

Major Church went aboard the Commodore, where
Colonel Hathorne was, who gave him an account of
his commission, and orders, and read them to him.
Then his honour told Major Church, that there was
a particular order on board Captain Southack for him,
which is as followeth.

l^To Major Benjamin Church."]

^^ Boston, September 9tt, 1696.
Sir,

His Majesty's ship Orford, having lately surprised
a French shallop, with twentythree of the soldiers
1 [and] 8 [and] 3 [Who]

, ,,i , , I II — --* - -

* The same often mentioned in the preceding pages. See
note 3, on page 196. He was in 1692 imprisoned for witch-
craft, and previously examined hy Hawthorn, under whom
he appears in this expedition. See Hutchinson,JI, 50, and
94.

' t Col. John Hathorne or Hawthorn. This gentleman,
however unfit he might be to succeed Church, it is certain
that he may now be better employed than when committing
UfiteheB at Salem. I learn little or him, excepting what may
he seen in Hutchinson, and CaleC, Perhaps he was a son of
William Hawthorn, the first speaker of the court of Massa-
chusetts, upon record. Hist. Mas. 1, 150. He wasouite ac-
tive in these wars, also in the former. Nothing very brilliant
appears to have been performed under his command.

FliENCH AND INDIAN W4iR& 239

tiCllonging to the fort upon Johns river, in Novascotiai
together with Villeau, their Captain, providence
seems to encourage the forming of an expedition to
attack that fort, and to disrest and remove the enemy
from that post, which is the chief source from whence
the most of our disasters do issue, and also to favour
with an opportunity for gaining out of their hands
the ordnance, artillery, and other warlike stores, and
provisions, lately supplied to them from France, for
erect; rig a new fort near the river's mouth, w^hereby
the 5^ ii be greatly strengthened, and the reducing
of them rendefed more difficult. I have therefore
ordered a detachment of two new companies, con-
sisting of about an hundred men to join the forces
now with you for that expedition, and have commis-
sionated Lieutenant Colonel John Hathorne, one of
the members of his Majesty's council, who is ac-
quainted with that river, and in whose courage and
conduct I repose special trust to take the chief com-
mand of the whole, during that service, being well
assured that your good affections and zeal for his
Majesty's service will induce your ready compliance
and assistance therein, which, I hope, will take up
no long time, and be of great benefit and advantage
to these his Majesty's territories, if it please God to
succeed the same. Besides, it is very probable to
be the fairest opportunity, that can be offered unto
yourself and men, of doing execution upon the In-
dian enemy and rebels, who may reasonably be ex-
pected to be drawn to the defence of that fort. I
have also ordered his Majesty's ship Arundel, and
the province Galley to attend this service.

Colonel Hathorne will communicate unto you the
contents of his commission and instructions received
from myself for this expedition, which I expect and
order that yourself, officers and soldiers, now under
you, yield obedience unto. He is to advise with
yourself and others in all weighty attempts. Pray-
ing for a blessing from Heaven upon the said enter-

340 FtlRNCH AND INDIAN WARS.

prise, and that all engaged in the same may be under
the special protection of the Almighty, I am your
loving friend,

WILLIAM STOUGHTON."

The Major having read his last orders, and con-
sidering his commission, found that he was obliged
to attend all orders,* &c., was much concerned that
he and his were prevented in their intended projec-
tion, if carried back to St. Johns. Then discoursing
with Colonel Hathorne, gave him an account of what
they had done at St. Johns, viz,, that as to the de-
molishing the new fort, they had done it; and [had]
got all their great guns and stores aboard their ves-
sels. And, that if it had not been that the waters
were so low, would have taken the fort up the river
also, before he came away. Told him also, that
one of the prisoners which he had taken at St. Johns,
upon examination, concerning the Indians in those
parts, told him, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon their
Governour, to get one of their Indians down to the
water side, as to carry one of those great guns upon
his back. And that they had an account of hink
[Church,] and his forces' coming to those parts by a
prisoner out of Boston jail. Also, told his honour,
that if they went back it would wholly disappoint
them of their doing any further service, which was
"what]^ they came for to Penobscot, and places ad-
^ acent. But all was to no purpose. His honour tell-

1 [that]

* Church could not but be offonded at such boyish conduct,
which will more fully appear in the ensuing narration. Im-
portant service, perhaps, mi^ht have been done in the exe-
cution of the plan that Church and his forces were then about
to enter upon. They would doubtless have relieved the east-
ern people from their garrisons in which they had most of
the year been shut up. The savages had hovered around
the settlements from Pa- cataqua to their extent eastward,
and had between the 7 May, and 13 October, killei^and ta-
ken about 84 of the inhabitants ; 24 being of the former num-
ber. See Magnalia, II, 549, 50.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Wl

iiig the Major that he must attend his orders then
received.*

And to encourage the officers and soldiers, told
them, [that] they should be wholly at the Major's
ordering and command in the whole action. And to
be short did go back and the event may be seen in
Colonel Hathome's journal of the said action. f

Only I must observe one thing by the way, which
was, that when they drew off to come down the riv-
er again. Colonel Hathorne came off and left the Ma-
jor behind to see that all the forces were drawn off.
And coming down the river, in or near the rear, in
the night, heard a person halloo. Not knowing at

• The superceding of Church, says Hutchinson, 11, 94,
"was an impolitic measure, unless any misconduct in Church
made it necessary that he should be superceded." But noth-
ingf of that kind is made appear, and can be accounted for,
only, by supposing that Stou^hton had not fully recovered
from tlie debility he had received in the late Witch Crusade,

t The journal of Hathorne, referred to, is undoubtedly
lost, which we have to regret. Perhaps Hutchinson had the
use of it, as the account which he gives of the expedition is
somewhat particular. He mentions, II, 94, 5, that Villebon
had timely notice of their object, and the reinforcement j and
accordingly had made the best ari^ngements he could to re-
ceive them. They effected a landing on the 7 October, not
however without considerable opposition. The same day
they raised a battery, and planted two fieldpieces upon it.
With these and their small arms they commenced an attack
upon tiie fort, which was answered. The following night
being very cold, the English made fires to keep them from
periling. But this being a sure mark for the enemy's can-
non, were obliged to put them out, and suffer the inclemency
of the weather. Church's men suffering more extrAiely,
being almost bare of clothing from their long service. Dis-
couragement now seized them, and they drew oflf the next
night. Mather makes no reflections on the planning and
executing of this expedition. *' The difficulty of the coW ,
season so discouraged our men, that after the making of
some few shot the enterprize found itself under too much
correlation to proceed any further." So he says, Magnalia,
II, 550« No account is given that any were killed.

242 FRENCH ANP INDIAN WAB&

first, but it might be a snare to draw them into ; but
upon consideration, sent to see who or what he was,
and found him to he a Negro man belonging to Mar-
blehead, that had been taken and kept a prisoner
anoQgst them for some time. The Major asked him,
whether he could -give any account of the Indians
in those parts 9 He said Yes, they were or had been
c^U drawn off from the sea coast, up into the woods
near an hundred miles. [They] having had ap ac-
count by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that MajiH*
Church and hisjbrces were comiflg out against them
in four brigantines,*^nd four sloops, with twenty four
p^H€mgera, (meaning whale boats) which, put them
into [such] a fright, that notwithstanding they were
so far up in the woods, were afraid to. make fires by
day, lest he and his forces should discover the
smokes, and in the night lest they should see the
light.

One thing more I would just give a hint of, that
is, how the French in the Eastward parts were much
surprised at the motion of the whale boats. [They]
said, [that] there was no abiding for them in that
country. And I have been informed since, that
soon after this expedition, they drew off from St.
. Johns fort and river.

But to return. Then going all down the river,
embarked and went homeward. Only by the way,
candid reader, I would let you know of two things
that proved very prejudicial to Major Church and his
forces. The first was, that the government should
miss it so much as to send any prisoner away fro^
Boston before the expedition was over. Secondly,
that they should send Colonel Hathorne to take them
from the service and business they went to do ; who,
by submission, doubtless thought [that] they did for
the best though it proved to the contrary.

So [I] shall wind up with a just hint of what hs^
pened at their c<miing home to Boston. After all

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARSk 34S

tiieir hard service both night and day, the goven^
ment too^ away all the great guns and warlike
stores and gave them not a penny for them (except
it was some powder, and that they gave what they
pleased for.) And besides the assembly passed a vole
that they should have but half pay. But his hcHiour
the Lieutenant Governour being much disturbed at
their so doing, went into the town house, where the
representatives were sitting, and told them, except
they did reassume that vote, whiqh was to cift Major
Church and his forces off their half pay, they cdiould
sit there till the next spring. Whereupon it was re*
assumed. So that they had just their bare wages*
But as yet, nev^r had any allowance for the great
guns and stores; neither has Major Church had any
allowance for all his travel and great expenses in
raising the said forces, vplunteer&f. ^

THE FIFTH AND LAST EXPEDITION EAST.

In the year 1703-4, Major Church had an account
of the miserable devastations made on Deerfield,* a
town in the westward parts of this proyince,t and
the horrible barbarities, and cruelties exercised on
those poor innocent people by the French and In^
disms; especially of their cruelties towards that wor-
thy gentlewoman Mrs. Williams, and several others,
whom they marched in that extreme season ; forcing
them to carry great loads. And when any of them
by their hard usage could not bear with it, [they!
were knocked on the head, and so killed in cool
blood. All which, with some other horrible instan-
ces done by those barbarous savages, which Major
Church himself was an eye witness to in his former

tmvel in the eaa|[p|d parts, did much astonish him.

■■ ■ I ■ ^ I ■ p ill I. ■ I II . , , I

* A more particular account of the " Destruction of Deer-
field" will be given in the IX Appendix to this history,

t On Connecticut river, about ^0 ipiles frpm Bpston,

244 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

To see a woman that those barbarous savages
had taken aod killed, exposed in a mdsi bratish man-
ner (as can be expressed) with a young child seized
fast with strings to her breast. [The]^ infant had
no apparent wound, which doubtless was left alive
to suck its dead mother's breast, and so miserably to
perish and die. Also to see other poor.childrexi
hanging upon fences, dead, of either, sex, in their
own poor rags, not worth stripping them of, in scorn
and defision.

Another instance was, of a straggling aoldier, who
was found at Casco, exposed in a shameful and bar-
barous manner. His body being staked up, his head
cut off, and a hog's head set in the room } his body
ripped up, and his heart and inwards taken out, and
private members cut off, and hung with belts of their
own, the inwards at one side of his body, and his
privates at the other, in scorji and derision of the
English soldiers, &c. .

These and such like barbarities caused Major
Church to express himself to this purpose. That
if he were commander in chief of these provinces,
he would soon put an end to those barbarities, done
by the barbarous enemy, by making it his whole bu-
siness to fight and destroy those savages as they did
our poor neighbours, which doubtless might have
been done if rightly managed, and that in a short
time, &c. So that these with the lat« inhumanities
done upon the inhabitants of Deerfield, made such
an impression on his heart, as cannot well be express-
"ed. So that his blood boiled within him, making
such impulses on his mind, that he forgot all former
treatments, which were enough to hinder any man,
especially the said Major Church, from doing any
further service.

Notwithstanding all which, h^uu| a mind to take
some satisfaction on the enemy ,TiWieart being full|
took his horse and went from his own habitation,

1 [which]

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 5M5

ts^ar seventy miles, to wait upon his excellency, and
offered ins senrice to the C^ueen,^ his exeetlency
tmA the country ; which his excellency readily ac-
cefited of, and desired Major Church to draw a
scheme for the ensuing action, or actions. So tak«
ing leave went h<Mne, and drew it, which is as f<^
loweth.

" Tivertany Ftbrmary 5, 1703-4.
May U please your J^cellency —

According to your request, when I was last witli
yourself, and in obedience thereunto, I present you
with these following lines, that concern the prepara-
tion for next spring's expedition, to attack the ene-
my. According to my former direction; for it is
good to have a full stroke at them first, before they
have opportunity to run for it. For the first of our
action will be our opportunity to destroy them, and
to prevent their running away, in waylaying every
passage, and make them know we are in good
earnest. And so we being in a diligent use of means,
we may hope for a blessihg from the Almighty, and
that he will be pleased to put a dread in their hearts,
that they may fall before us and. perish. For my ad-
vice is,

First. That ten or twelve hundred good able sol-
diers, well equipped, be in a readiness fit for action,
by the first of April at farthest ; for then will be
the time to be upon action.

Secondly. That five and forty or fifty, good
whaleboats be had ready, well fitted with five good
oars and twelve or fifteen good paddles to every boat.

' T- '

♦ Anne, who came to the throne of England in 1702. She
reigned until her death in 1714, and then the line of Oeor-
ges commenced. This war which began in 1703 is general-
ly called Queen Anne's war. Dr. Douglass calls it ** Dud*
ley's Indian War." But this milst be regarded as one of
bis loose denominations, for thp war had already originated
*wheii Gov. Dadley entered upon his o£&ce.

21*

246 FKENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

And upon the wale of each boat, five pieces of stroi^
leather be fastened on e€M;h side to sKp five small ash
bars thix>tigh ; thftt so, whenever they land, the vam-
may step overboard, and slip in said bs^rs across, «ad
take up said boat that she may not be hurt agaiost
the rocks. And that two suitable brass kettles he
provided to belong to each boat to dress the. men's
victuals in to make their lives comfortable.

Tliirdly. • Th'at four or five hundred pairs of good
Indian shoes be made reedy, fit for the service for
the English and Indians, that must improve tlie whale
boats and birch canoes ; for they will be very proper
and safe for that service. And let there be a good
store of cow hides well tanned, for a supply of such
shoes^ and hemp to make thread, and wax -to mend
and make more such shoes when wanted, and a good
store of awls.

Fourthly. That there be an hundred large hatch-
ets, or light axes, made pretty broad, and steeled with
the best steel that can be got, and made by work-
men, that [they] may cut very well, and hold, that
the hemlocK knots may not break or turn them, to
widen the landing place up the falls. For it may
happen that we may get up with some of our whale-
boats to their falls or headquarters.

Fifthly. That there be a suitable quantity of anall
bags, or wallets provided, that every man that wants
may have one to put up his bullets in, of such a size
as will fit his gun, (and not be served as at Casco.*)
That every man's bag be so marked that he may not
change it. For if so, it will make a great confusion
in action. That every man's store of ball be weigh-
ed to him, that so he may be accountable and may
not squander it away and also his store of powder,
that so he may try his powder and gun before action.
And that every particular company may have a bar-

♦ There most of their shot was so large that it was useless,
only as it was hammered, Uad was net discovered until
an engagement took place with the enemy. Sec page t66.

* - FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 24t

lel of powder to themselvefi and bo marked that it
may by no means be chaoged. That men may know
beforehand, and may not be cheated oat of their
lives, bphaving bad powder, or not knowing how to
UBe it. And this will prove a great advantage to
tfae action.

Sixthly. That Colonel John Gorham, if he may
be prevailed with, may be concerned in tfae manage-
naent of the whale boats, he having been formerly
concerned in the eastern parts and experienced in
that ofiair; And whalemen then will be very service-
able in this expedition, which having a promise made
to them, that they shall be released in good season,
to go home a whaling in the fall, your excellency
will have men enough.

Seventhly. That there may be raised for this ser-
vice three hundred Indians at least, and more if they
may be had ; for I know certainly, of my own know-
ledge that they exceed most of our English in hunt-
ing and skulking in the woods, being always used to
it. And it must be practised if ever we intend to
destroy those Indian enemies.

Eighthly. That the soldiers already out eastward
in the service, men of ^known judgment, may take a
survey of them and their arms, and see if their arms
be good and they know how to use them in shooting
right, at a mark, and that they be men of good reason
imd senee to know how to manage themselves in so
difficult a piece of service as this Indian hunting is,
for bad men are but a clog and hinderance to an
army, being a trouble and vexation to good com-
manders, and so many mouths to devour the country's
provision, and a hinderance to all good actions. '

Ninthly. That special care be had in. taking up
the whaleboats that they be good, and fit for that
service, so that the country be not cheated as for*
merly in having rotten boats and as much care that
the owners may have good satisfaction for them.

Tenthly. That the 'tenders or> tran^portd, veseels

■i I

a4a FEENCH AND INDIAN WAR*

to be imbroTed in this actiouy be good.decked vessels
not too big because of going up several rivers h&¥^
ing four or six sn^ll guns apiece for defence, Qn4
the fewer laea will de£^id theitt, ami tiufe ae0
eooughmch vei»els to be had. .^

Eleventhly. To conclude all, if your exceUeiMjf
will be pleased^to make yourself great and us a hap*
py people, as to the destroying of our enemies and
easing of our taxes, &c., be pleased to draw forth all
ihose forces now in pay in all the eastwiurd paf tS|
both at Saco and Caseo bay, for those two trading
houses never did any good nor ever will, and are not
worthy the name of Queen's forts; and the first
building of them had no other effect but to lay us
under tribute to that wretched pagan crew ; and I
hope will never be wanted for that they were first
built; [ — y^ but sure it is, they are very serviceable to
them ; for they get many a good advantage of us to
destroy our men and laugh at us for our folly, that
we should be at so much cost and trouble to do a
thing that does us so much harm, and no manner of
good : but to the contrary when they see all our for^
ces drawn forth, and in pursuit of them they will
think that we begin to be roused up, and to be awake
and will not be satisfied with what they hav^ pleased
to leave us, but are resolved to retake from thern
that they took formerly from us, and drive them out
of their country also. The which being done^ then
to build a fort at a suitable tune, and in a convenient

!)lace, and it will be f ery honourable to your excel-
ency, and of great service to her Majesty, and to
the enlargement of her Majesty's government (the
place meant being at Portroyal,)

Twelfthly. That the objection made against draw-
ing oflT the forces in the eastward parts will be n0
tiamage to the inhabitants, for former experience
teacheth us that so soon as drawn into their country,
they will presently forsake ours to take care of their
<>^<». And that there be no failure in making p^'^

1 [for]

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2#

paration of these things aforementioned; for many
times the want of small things prevents the complet-
ing of great actions. And that every thing be in
readiness before the forces be raised to prevent
chaiFges, and the enemy's having intelligence. And
that the general court be moved to make suitable
acts for the encouraging both English and Indians,
that so men of business may freely offer estates and
concerns to serve the publick.

Thus hoping what I have taken the pains to write
in the sincerity of my heart, and good affection, will
be well accepted, I make bold to subscribe as I am,
your excellency's most devoted humble selrant,

BENJAMIN CHURCH."

Then returning to his excellency, presented the
said scheme, which hrs excellency approved of, and
returned it again to Major Church, and desired him
to see that every thing was provided ; telling him
he should have an order from the commissary Gene-
ral to proceed. Then returned home, and made it
his whole business to provide oars and paddles, and
a vessel to carry them round, and then returned again
to his excellency, who gave him a commission which
is as followeth.

" Joseph Dudley,* Esq., Captain General and Go-
vernour in Chief, in and over her Majesty's pro-.

* A son of Thomas Dudley, who came to America in 1630,
and who has been celebrated for bis bitterness against tolera-
tion. Some poetry found in his pocket (says Morton, 151,)
after his death, is so singular, and characteristick of the
times, that I may be pardoned for so much digressing as to
insert a clause of it.

** Let men of God in counts and oharches watch
O'er such as do a toleration hatch ;
Lest that ill egg bring forth a cockatrice.
To poison all with heresy and vice.
If men be left, and otherwise combine,
My epitaph's, / dy'd no libertine."
The subject of tfe note was born in 1647, graduated at
Siurrard College, I66&, and i^ said to have be^ eminei^tl^

^ i

250 FRENCIt AND INDIAN WARS.

vince of the Mc^mchuaetts bay, in N^uomgUmd^
in America^ and Vice Admiral of the same,

To Benjamin Church, Esq.y Greeting,

By virtue of the power and autbority, in and by
her Majesty's royal commission, to me granted, I do
by these presents, reposing special trust and confi-
dence in your loyalty, courage, and good conduct,
constitute and appoint you to be Colonel of all the
jfbrces raised, and to be ibawqA for her Majesty's ser*
vice, against the French and Indian enemy and rebels,
ti^t shall be improved in the service to the eastward
of CascQ bay ; and to be C^tain of the first com^
pany of the said forces. You are therefore carefiilly
and diligently to perform the duty of a Colonel and
Captain, by leading, ordering and exercising the said
regiment and company in arms, both inferiour offi-
cers and soldiers ; and to keep them in good order
and discipline. Hereby commanding them to obey
you as their Colonel and Captain ; and with them to
do and execute all acts of hostility against the said
enemy and rebels. And you are to observe and fol-
low such orders and directions as you shall receive
from myself, or other, your superiour officer, accord-
ing to th6 rules and discipline of war, pursuant to
the trust reposed in you. Given under my hand and

his learning. He was a commissioner in Philip's war, and his
name may be seen among them at the head of the long treaty
with the Narragansets, in July, 1675. When Andross was
Grovernoor, Mr. Dudley was president of the council, and
was seized upon as belonging to his party, and imprisoned
for some time, and treated with inhumanity. Being sent for
hy King Willianf, he embarked in Feb., 1689. The next
year he was sent over as chief justice of Newyork, but he
was never satisfied any where lyut in the gorernment of Mas-
sachusetts. He therefore exerted himself to injure Gover-
Bour Phij^s, expecting to succeed him \ but the people pre-
vented him by procuring the appointment of the Earl of
Bellomont, whose premature death gave him his beloved o^
fice, in which he continued from 1702 to 1716. Gov. Sh^te
succeeded l^in> and he died in 1730, aged 73.

YJmEpn .AND INDUN WA&S. 251

seal * at arum, at Boston, the 18th day ef March, in
the third year of her Majesty's reign. Anno Dom.
1703-4.

J. DUDLEY-
jB^ Ma Eaixetteney^s cemtnand.

Isaac Addington, SecfJ**

Colonel Church no sooner received his comnris-
mon, but proceeded to the raising of men, volon-
teers, by going into every town within the three
counties,* which were formerly Plymouth govern-
ment; advising with the chief officer of each com-
Eany, to call his company together, that so he might
ave the better opportunity to discourse and encour-
age them to serve their Queen and country. Treat-
ing them with drink convenient, told them, [that] he
did not doubt but with God's blessing to bring them
all home again. All which with many other argu-
ments, animated their hearts to do service. So, tiiat
Colonel Church enlisted, out of some companies, near
twenty men, and others fifteen.

He having raised a sufficient number of English
soldiers, proceeded to the enlisting of Indians, in all
those parts where they dwelt, which was a great fa-
tigue and expense ; being a people that need much
treating, especially with drink, &c. Having enlist-
ed the most of his soldiers in those parts, who daily
lay upon him, [and] was not less than five pouncUi
per day expenses, some days in victuals and drink;
who doubtless thought, (especially the English) that
the country would have reimbursed it again, other-
wise they would hardly [have] accepted it of hiq^ .

Colonel Church's soldiers, both English and In-
dians, in those parts, being raised, marched them all

* Plymouth, Barnstable, and BristoL This division was
made m 1685, which before were all in one. Sttpplement ta
Mi^on, 307.

S6S FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

down to Nantasket,* accordiDg to his exoellency^
directicHis. Where being come, the following gen-
tlemen were commissionated to be commanders of
each particular company, viz., Lieutenant Colonel
Gorh&m, Captains, John Brown, Constant Church,
James Cole, John Dyer, John Cook, Caleb Willinm-
Bon, and £dwaid Church, of the forces raised by Co-
lonel Church ; each company being filled up with
nd IndiaDB as they agreed among them-
id by the Colonel's directions. Captain
d Captain Mirick's company, which were
his excellency's direction, were ordered to
aforesaid, under the command of Colonel

Matters being brought thus far on, Colonel Church
waited upon his excellency at Boston to know hig
pleasure, what farther measures were to be taken ;
and did humbly move that they migiit have liberty in
their instructions to make an attack upon Portroyal.
Being very well satisfied in his opinion, that with
the blessing of God, with what forces they had, or
should have ; and whaleboats so well fitted with oars
and paddles, as they had with them, might be suffix
cient to have taken it. His excellency (looking up-
on Colonel Church) replied, [that] "he could not
admit of that, by reason, [that] he had, by the advice
of her Majesty's council, writ to her Majesty about
the taking of Portroyal fort, and how it should be
disposed of when taken," &.c. However Colonel
Church proceeded to get every thing ready for the
forces down at Nantasket, which was the place of
parade.

He happening one day to be at Captain Belch-

'• The entrance into Boston harbour, south of the light-
house. The winter of 1696 was so seTcrs, that sleils and
sleigh? frequently iiasseil from Boston to Nanlasket upon the
ice. The island of this name was the place of rendezvous,
and in nine DiUes from Boston. It contains the present town -
of Hull, and is connected to Uingham by a dam.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 253

er's,* where his excellency happened to come. [He]^
was pleased to orfler Colonel Church to put on his
sword, and walk with him up the common, which
he readily complied with. Where being come, he
saw two mortar pieces with shells, and an engineer
trying with them, to throw a shell from them to any
spot of ground where he said it should fall ; which
when Colonel Church had seen done, gave him great
encouragement, and hopes [that] that would promote
their going to Portroyal, which he had solicited fi>r.
And returning from thence, after they had seen them
tried by the said engineer, and performing what was
proposed, [and] cpming near to Captain William
Clark's house, over against the horse shoe, his ex-
cellency was invited by Captain Clark to walk over
and take a glass of wine, which he was pleased to
accept of, and took Colonel Church with him. And
in the time they were taking a glass of wine, Colonel
Church once more presumed to say to his excellen-
cy ; " Sir, I hope that now we shall go to Portroyal
in order to take it ; those mortars being very suita-
ble for such an enterprise.'' His excellency was
pleased to reply ; ** Colonel Church, you must say no
more of that matter, for the letter I told you of, I
writ by the advice of her Majesty's council, now
lies at home on the board before the Lords commis-
sioners of her Majesty's foreign plantations," &c.

After some days, every thing being ready to em-
bark. Colonel Church received his instructions, which
are as follows :

" By his excellency Joseph Dudley, Esq.^ Captain
General and Govemour in Chief, in and over her
Majesty^ 8 province of Vie Massachusetts bay, ^c,
in JVewengUmd, and Vice Jldmiral of the same.

1 [who]

♦ Captain Andrew Belcher of Cambridge, and father of
Govemour Belcher, I suspect is meant. See page 63, note 8.

254 FRENCH AND INDUN WARS

Jh9^r»(^ia»a Jot Co]:a)nel Benjamin Church in th^

present Expedition,

In pursuance of the commission given you to
take the chief command of the land and sea forces
by me mised, equipped and sent forth on her Ma-
jesty's service, against her open declared enemies,
the French and Indian rebels. You are to observe
the following instructions.

First. You are to take care, that the duties of
religion be attended on board the several vessels, and
in the several companies under your command, by
daily prayers unto God, and readihg his holy word.
And that the Lord's day be observed and duly sanc-
tified to the utmost of your power, as far as the cir-
cumstances and necessity of the service can admit,
that so you may- have the presence of God with, and
obtain bis blessing on, your undertaking.

You are to take care, that your soldiers have their
due allowance of provisions and other necessaries ;
that their arms be well fixed, and kept fit for service,
and that they be furnished with a suitable quantity
of powder and ball, and be always in readiness to
pass upon duty.

That good orde^ and discipline be maintained ; and
all disorders, drunkenness, profane swearing, curs-
ing, omission or neglect of duty, disobedience to ojF-
ficers, mutiny, desertion, and sedition be duly pun-
ished, according to the rules and articles of war ;
the which you are once a month or oflener, to cause
to be published, and made known to your oflficers
and soldiers for their observance and direction in
their duty. Let notorious and capital offenders be
sent away to the next garrison, there to be imprison-
ed until they can be proceeded with.

Let the sick and wounded h6 carefully looked af-
ter, and accommodated after the best manner your
circumstances will admit of, and be sent either to
Casco fort, or to Mr, Peperel's at Kittery, wluch may
be easiest, so soon as you can.

FftENCH AND TNDIAN WAES. 2^

Tou are forthwith to send away the forces snd
stores by the transports, with the whaleboats to Pis-
cataqua, on Kittery side there to attend your com-
ing whither you are to follow them with all expedi-
tion.

You are to embark in the province galley, Captain
Cutback commander, and Lieutenant Colonel Gor*
ham go on board Captain Gallop ; who are both di-
rected to attend your motion on the French side,
after which they are to return. Let the commanders
of all the store sloops and transports know that they
«ail, anchor and serve at your direction.

When you sail from Piscataqua, keep at such <li8-
tsMie off the shore, that you be not discovered by
the enemy to alarm them. Stop at Montinicus,*
luid there embark the forces in the whaleboats for
the main, to range that part of the country, in search
pf the enemy, to Mountdesart, sending the vessels to
meet you there ; and after having refreshed and re^
cruited your isokliers, proceed to Machias, and from
thence to Passamequado ; and having effected what
spoils you possibly may, upon the enemy in those
parts, embark on your vessels for Menis and Signec-
to, to Portroyal gut ; and use all possible methods for
the burning and destroying of the enemies houses, and
breaking the dams of their corn grounds in the said
several places, and make what other spoils you can
upon them, and bring away the prisoners. In your
return call at Penobscot and do what you can tber«,
and so proceed westward.

This will probably employ you a month, or six
weeks ; when you will draw together again, and by
the latter end of June, consider whether you can
march to Norrigwack, or other parts of their plant-
ing, to destroy their corn and settlements and keep

^ An island considerable distance from the coast of Maine,
and the same, I suppose, called Martinicusor Mertinicus on
the iate maps. It is 15 or 20 miles from Vinalbaven island at
the moath of tbe Kennebeck.

256 FRENCH AND INDIAN WABS.

the expedition on foot until the middle of August
next.

Notwithstanding the particularity of the aforego-
ing instrviction, I lay you under no restraint, because
I am well assured of your courage, care, caution and
industry ; but refer you to your own resolves, by the
advice of your commission officers, not under the de-
gree of Captains, and the sea ccHnmission Captains
(whom you will, as often as you can, advise with) ac-
cording to the intelligence you may receive, or as
you may find needful upon the spot.

You are by every opportunity, and once a week
certainly, , by some means either by way of Casco,
Piscataqua, or otherwise to acquaint me of your pro-
ceedings and all occurrences, and what may be fur-
ther necessary for the service. And to observe such
further and other instructions as you shall receive
ftom myself.

As often as you may, advise with Captain Smith
and Captain Rogers, commanders of her Majesty^s
ships.

Let your minister, commissary, and surgeons be
treated with just respects. I pray to God to preserve,
prosper and succeed you.

(riven under my hand at Boston, the fourth day of
May, 1704.

J. DUDLEY."

Pursuant to his instructions he sent away his trans-
ports and forces* to Piscataqua, but was obliged
himself to wait upon his excellency by land to Pis-
cataqua in order to raise more forces in the way
thither ; and did raise a company under the command
of Captain Harridon.f Taking care to provide a

♦ This collected armament consisted of 550 soldiers, in 14
small transports, and was provided with 36 whale boats, and
convoyed by three men of war ; one of 48, one of 33, and one
of 14|£uns. Hutchinson, II, 132. Douglass, I, 557.

t T^is name is spelt Harreden in Penhallow's history ;
but his own signature to the resolve before Portroyal is Har-
radon. No other meation is made of him in the Indian wars,
that I have seen.

FUENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 457

pilot for them in the bay of Fundy. (Colonel Church
being directed to one Fellows whom he met with at
Ipswich.) And going from thence to Piscataqua
with his excellency, was there met by that worthy
gentleman, Major Winthrop Hilton,* who was very
helpful to him in the whole expedition, whose name
and memory ought not to be forgot.

Being ready to embark from Piscataqua, Colonel
Church requested the commanders of her Majesty's
ships, Captain Smith,f and Captain RogersJ to tarry
at Piscataqua a fortnight, that so they might not be
discovered by the enemy before he had done some
spoil upon them. Then moving^ in their transports,
as directed, got safe into Montinicus,|| undiscovered
by the enemy. Next morning early, fitted out two
whaleboats with men, Captain John Cook in one,
and Captain Constant Church in the other, and sent
them to Green islandlT upon a discovery. And com-
ing there, they parted, one went to one part, and the
other to the other part, that so they might not miss

* Abundant materials are preserved for a biography of lhi:<
gentleman. He was a direct descendant of one of tne first
settlers of Newbampsbire in 1623. He was a successful oifi-
cer, but like many otbers was doomed to fall by savage hands.
In addition to what is found in this history, and Penhallow'.^
Indian Wars,' a memoir may be" seen in I of Farmer and
Moore's Col. 241 ,251. He was engaged in the masting busi-
ness in Exeter, where be lived, and having some fine trees
fallen in the woods, went with 17 men to peel the bark off,
to save them from the worms ; but a party of Indians, on
23 June, 1710, fired upon them from au ambush, and killed
the Colonel and two more. Colonel Daniel Plumer of Ep-
ping, informs me that the place where they were killed is
m the present town of Eppmg, N. H. Perhaps not far from
what is now called the ^nast way.

t Commander of the Jersey frigate.

I Commander of the frigate Gosport.

§ May 15. || See note on page 255.

IT A small woody island about 5 miles south easterly from
MoDtinicus.

22*

258 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

of what could be discovered. [Here]^ they met with
old Lafaure,* with his two sons, Thomas and Timo-
thy, and a Canada Indian.

The enemy seeing that they were discovered, threw
down their ducks and eggs, who had got a consider-
able quantity of each, and ran to their canoes, getting
into them, stood directly for the main. [On] look-
ing behind them perceived the whaleboats to gain so
fast upon them, clapt side by side, and all four got
into one canoe, which proved of little advantage to
them. For the whaleboats gained so much upon
them, and got so near, that Captain Cook, firing at
the steersman, which was the Indian, and happened
to graze his skull, and quite spoiled his paddling.
Upon which old Lafaure, and sons, seeing their com-
panion's condition, soon begged for quarter, and' had
It granted. The two Captains with their success
presently returned to their commander taking care
that their captives should not discourse together be-
fore they were examined. When brbught to Colonel
Church, he ordered them to be apart, and first pro-
ceeded to examine old Lafaure, whom he found to
be very surly and cross ; so that he could gain no
intelligence by him.

Upon which the commander was resolved to put
in practice what he had formerly done at Senecto.f
Ordering the Indians to make two large heaps of dry
wood, at some distance one from the other, and to set
a large stake in the ground, close to each heap.
Then [he] ordered the two sons Thomas and Timo-
thy, to be brought, and to be bound to the stakes ;
also ordering his Indians to paint themselves with co-
lours, which they had brought for tliat use. Then
the Colonel proceeded to examine, first Timothy;

1 [where]

• Penhallow, 33, iii N. H. Hist. Col. I, calls him Monsieur
Lafebure.

t The rlace, which on page 228, is spelt Senactaca. See
note 2 of Jhat page.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 269^

£he]^ told him, [that] he had examined his father
already, and that if he told him the truth he would
save his life, and take him into his service; and that
he should have good pay and live well. He answer-
ed, that he would tell him the truth. And [accord-
ingly] gave him an account of every thing [that] he
knew, which was all minuted down. He being ask-
ed whether his brother Thomas did not know more
than he*? His answer was, yes, for his brother Tho^
mas had a commission sent him from the Governour*
of Canada, to command a company of Indians, who
were gathered together at a place where some French
gentlemen, lately arrived from Canada, who were
officers, to command the rest that were to go west-
ward to fight the English ;f and that there was sent
to his father, and brother Tom, a considerable quan-.
tity of flour, fruit, ammunition and stores, for the
supply of the said array. He being asked whether
he could pilot our forces to them *? said no ; but
his brother Tom could, for he had hid it, and that he
was not then with him ^ The Colonel asked him what
gentlemen those were that came from Canada *? He

1 [and]

* Vaudreuil.

t This is supposed by the historian of Newhampshire, to
be the army of which Penhallow gives an account ; who
mutinied in their march " about the plunder that they had
in view; forgetting the proverb about dividing the skin be-
fore the bear was killed." In consequence of their mutiny
most of them returned ; but a subdivision of them fell upon
Lancaster and Groton, killed two or three persons, and got
some plunder. But this army does not correspond with the
statement given by Dr. Betknap. See pa^e 161$ note 2.
After Mr. Penhallow has got quite through with the expedi-
tion of Church, and the affair under " Mr. Caleb Lyman" at
the westward, he says, " The French in Canada were now
forming another design on Northampton." Now it appears
to me, that the Doctor is out in his conjecture, and that the
army mentioned by Penhallow was not the one mentioned by
our atithor. And had he looked into Dr. Douglass, Summa-
ry, I, 557, he woula have found more particulars about it.

&60 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

answered, " Monsieur Gourdan,* and Mr. Sharkee."
Being asked where they were 9 answered, " At Pas-
samaquado, building a fort there." Being also asked
what number of Indians and French there were at
Penobscot ? he answered, [that] there were several
families, but they lived scattering. Asked him far-
ther, if he would pilot our forces thither^ [He] an-
swered [that] he would if the commander would not
let the savages roast him. Upon which the Colonel
ordered him to be loosed from the stake, and took
him by the hand, told him, he would be as kind to
him as his own father ; at which he seemed to be
very thankful.

And then the Colonel proceeded to examine his
^brother Tom. [He]^ told him that he had examined
his father and orother ; and that his brother had told
him every tittle [that] he knew ; and that he knew
more than his brother Timothy did; and that if
he would be ingenuous and confess all he knew, he
should fare as well as his brother. But if not, the
savages should roast him. Whereupon he solemnly
promised that he would, and that he would pilot him
to every thing he knew, to the value of a knife and
sheath (which without doubt he did.)

Then the Colonel immediately gave orders for the
whaleboats to be ready, and went directly over where
the said goods and stores were, and found them as
informed, took them on board the boats, and return-
ed to their transports. And ordering provisions to
be put into every man's knapsack for six or eight days ;
so in the dusk of the evening left their transports,
with orders how they should act, and went directly
for the main land of Penobscot, and mouth of that

1 [and]

* Guorden appears to be the true orthography of this name. J

He was afterward taken as will presently be seen. Sharkee
made a very narrow escape with his wife into the woods.
Pcinhallow, 17, says he was taken, but he must be mistaken.
This errour is not noted in the N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. See
page 24.

FRENCH AMD INDIAN WAR9« 261

river, with their pilots, Tom and Timothy, who car-r
ried them directly to every plaee and habitation,
both of French and Indians thereabouts, (with the as-
sistance of one De Young^ whom they carried out of
Boston jail for the same purpose, [and he]^ was ser-
viceable to them.)

Being there we killed and took every one, both
French and Indians ; not knowing that any one did
escape in all Penobscot, Among those that were
taken was St. Casteen's daughter, who said that her
husband was gone to France, to her father, Monsieur
Casteen.f She having her children with her, the
conunander was very kind to her and them. AH the
prisoners that were then taken, held to one story in
general,^ which they had from Lafaure's sons, [viz.,}
that there were no more Indians thereabouts, but
- enough of them at Passamequado. Upon which they
returned to their transports with their prisoners and
plunder.

The conunander giving order immediately for the
soldiers in the whaleboats to have a recruit of pro-
visions for a further pursuit of the enemy. Giving
orders to the transports to stay a few days more there,
and then go to Mountdesart, (and there lo stay for
her Majesty's ships, who were directed to come
thither,) and there to wait his further order.

Then Colonel Church with his forces immediately
embarked on board their whaleboats, and proceeded
to scour the coast, and to try, if they could discover
any of the enemy coming from Passamequado ; mak-
ing their stops in the day time at all the points and
places where they were certain [that] the enemy
would land, or come by with their canoes, and at
night to their paddles. Then coming near where the

1 [who]

• In Penhallow, 17, his name is written D'Young and not
D. Young as reprinted in Col. N. H. Hist. Soc. I, 38.

t Baron Dc St. Castine. See note I, on page 164,

9«l FRENCH ANI> IKIHAN WARS.

TWBels were ordered to come, haying made no dis*
covery of the enemy, went directly to Mountdesart,
where the tratMports were just come. And taking
some provisions for his soIcHers, gave directions for
the ships and transports in six days to come directly
to Passamequado, where they shouM find him and
bis forces.

Then immediately moved away in the whaleboats,
and made diligent search along shore, as fonneriy,
inspecting all places where the enemy was likely
to lurk : Particulariy at Machias, but found neither
fires nOr tracks. Coming afterwards to die west har-
bour at Passamequado, where they entered upon ac*
lion. An account whereof Colonel Church cKd eom-
Branicate to his excellency, being as followeth.

^' Muy it please your ExceUencjfj

I received yours of this instant, October ninth,
with the two inclosed informationar, that concern my
actions at Passamequado, which I will give a just
and true account of, as near as possibly I can, viz.
On the seventh of June last, 1704, in tne evening,
we entered in at the westward harbour at said Pas-
samequado. Coming up said harbour to an island,
where landing, we came to a French house, and took
a French woman and children. The woman upon her
examination, said her husband was abroad a fishing.
I asked her, whether there were any Indians there-
abouts 'J she said ' Yes, there were a great many, and
several on that island.' I asked her, whether she
could pilot me to them? said *No, they hid in th^
woods.* I asked her, when she saw them *? answer-
ed, * Just now, or a little while since.' I asked het
whether she knew where they had laid the canoes 9
she answered ' No, they carried their canoes into the
woods with them.' We then hastened away along
shore, seizing what prisoners we could, taking old
Lotriel and his family.

This intelligence caused me to leave Colonel Gor-

FaSNCH AND INDIAN WAJLS. 3^

ham, and a considerable part of my men, and hoM
with him at that island; partly to guard and secure,
those prisoners. Being sensible it would be a great
trouble to have them to secure and guard at our next
landing, where I did really expect^ and hoped to have*
an opportunity, to fight our Indian enemies. For all
our French prisoners that we had taken at Penobscot,,
and along shore, had informed us, that when we
came to the place where these Canada gentlemen
tiTed^ we should certainly meet with the savages la,'
fight us ; those being the qply men that set the Inr
dians against us, or upon us, and were newly come
fi'om Canada, to manage the war against us. (Plead*'
ing in this account and information their own inno*
cency.) And partly in hopes that he, the said Co-
lonel Gorham, would have a good opportunity in the
morning to destroy some of those our enemies, (we
were informed [of,] by the said French women aa
above) with the use of his boats as I had given di**
rection.

Ordering also Major Hilton to pass over to the
next island, that lay east of us with a small party of
men and boats, to surprise and destroy any of the
enemy, that in their canoes might go here and there,
from any place, to make their flight fi^om us ; aads
as he had opportunity, to take any French prisoners.

We then immediately moved up the rive? , in the
dark night, through great difficulty, by reason of the
eddies and whirlpools, made with the fierceness of
the current. And here it may be hinted, that we
had information, that Lotriel had lost part of his
family passing over to the next island, falling into
one of those eddies were drowned, which the two pi-
lots told to discourage me. But I said nothing of
that nature shall do it. For I was resolved to ven-
ture up, and therefore, forthwith paddling our boats
as privately as we could, and with as much expedi-
tion as we could make with our paddles, and the
help of a strong tide, we can^e up to Monsieur Gt)ur«

264 FRENCH AND INDIAN WABB.

dan's a little before day* Where taking notice of
the shore, and finding it somewhat open and clear, I
ordered Captain Mirick and Captain Cole, having
English companies, to tarry with several of the boats
to be ready, that if any of the enemy should come
down out of the brush into the bay (it being very
broad in that place) with their canoes, they might
take and destroy them.

Ordering the remainder of the army, (being land-
ed,) with myself and the other officers, to march up
into the woods with a ^^W^ front, and to keep at a
considerable distance ; for that if they should run in
heaps, the enemy would have the greater advantage.
And further directing them, that if possible, they
should destroy the enemy with their hatchets, and
not fire a gun. This order I always gave at land-
ing; telling them the inconveniency of firing, in
that it might be, first, dangerous to themselves, they
being many of them young soldiers. (As I had
sometime observed, that one or two guns being fired
many others would fire, at they knew not what, as
happened presently after.) And it would alarm the
enemy, and give them the opportunity to make their
escape ; and it might alarm the whole country, and
also prevent all further action from taking efiect.

Orders being thus passed, we moved directly to-
wards the woods. Le Faver's* son directing us to a
little hut or wigwam, which we immediately surround-
ed with a few men. The rest marching directly up
into the woods, to see what wigwams or huts they
could discover. Myself made a little stop, ordering
the pilot to tell them in the hut, that they were sur-
rounded w^ith an army, and that if they would coma
forth and surrender themselves, they should have
good iqualrter ; but if not, they should be all knocked
on the head and die.

One of them showed himself, [and] T asked who

. • The.same, who in the late preceding pages is called La-
faure. See note 1 , on page !^58.

SmEI&cm AND WDIAN WAIKg. 265

He was ? He said * Gourdan ;' and begged for quar-
ter. I toid him he should have good quarter ; add-
ing further, that if there were any more in the house,
they should come out. Then came out two men.
Gourdan said, they were his sons, and asked quarter
for them, which was also granted. Then came out
a woman, and a little boy. She fell upon her knees,
begged quarter for herself and children, and that I
would not suffer the Indians to kill them. I told
them they should have good quarter, and not be
hurt. After which I ordered a small guard over
them, and so moved presently up with the rest of my
company after them that were gone before. But
looking on my right hand, over a !ittl6 run, I saw
something look black just by me ; [I] stopped and
heard at alking ; [then] stepped over, and saw a little
hut or wigwam, with a crowd of people round about
it; which was contrary to my former directions. [I]
asked them what they were doing"? They repli-
ed, [that] there were some of the enemy in a house
and would not come out. I asked what house ^
they said, ^ A bark house.' I hastily bid them pull
it down, and knock them on the head^ never asking
whether they were French or Indians ; they being
all enemies alike to me.* ^

* The Colonel was much blamed for this hasty step ; and
Hutchinson sqrs, II, 133, that he "excused himself but indif-
ferently." Of which, however, the reader may judge as
well as he. It does not appear from a long career of useful
services^ that Church was ever rash or crueL From the ex-
traordinary situation of his meji, rendered doubly critical
from the darkness of the night, and the almost certain intel-
ligence, that a great army of the enemy were at hand, is
thought to be sufficient excuse for the measure ; the remark
of Hutchinson to the contrary notwithstanding. The same
author, II, 123^ excuses the French and Indians for their
cruelty in putting to death prisoners at the destruction of
Deerfaeld ; because it was necessary to their own preserva-
tion, and the English had done so too ; and sives for exam-
ple the action of Henry V, who, after the c^ebrated battle
of Agincgv&t, pvK to death a multitude of bis French priso*

2^ '

2e§ P&ENOH AND INDIAN WARS.

And passing then to tbetn, and seeing them ia
great disorder, «o ihany of the army in a crowd to-
gether, acting so contrary to my command and di'«-
rection, exposing themselves and the whole anny to
utter ruin, by their so disorderly crowdifig thick to-
gether. Had an enemy come upon them in that in-
terim, and fired a volley amongst them, they couM
not have missed a shot. And wholly neglecting
their duty in not attending my orders, in searching
diligently for our lurking enemies in their wigwams,
or by their fires, where I had great hopes, and real
expectations to meet with them.

I most certainly know that I was in an exceeding
great passion ; but not with those poor miserable
enemies ; for I took no notice of a half a dozen of
the enemy, when at the same time I expected to be
engaged with some hundreds of them ; of whom we
had a continued account, who were expected from
Portroyul side. In this heat of action, every word
that I then spoke, I cannot give an account of; and
I presume it is impossible^

I stopped but little here, but went directly up in-
to the woods, hoping to be better employed with the
rest of the army. I listened to hear, and looked
earnestly to see what might be tl?e next action.
But meeting with many of the soldiers they told me
[that] they had discovered nothing; we fetching a^
small compass round, came down again.

It being pretty dark, I took notice, [that] I saw
two men lay dead, as I thought, at the end of the
house where the door was; and immediately the

■ W ■■■ ■ ■■ ■■ ■! I ■ ■ ■ ■■■_ I,— ■,-,■,,»■, ■ - ■■ ■ - ■ I I. I ■ ■■■ I ■■ - .1 -I -.^ -I ■■ I ■■ ■ — —-— ■! ■ B^p

ners, that greatly exceeded the number of his own army.
This was in a barbarous age ; being 200 years before the ,
settlement of NewengUnd, Hence it would have been much
easier for him to eycuse our hero than the enemy. For ac-
cbrding to the usages of war, he would have been justified in
pfutting to death prisoners at such a critical time. But these
were enemies who would not submit ; Or what amounted to
the same thing, they would not come out of their house
when ordered by the forces.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR& 80?

guns went off, and they fired every man, as I thought,
and most towards that place where I left the guard
with Monsieur Gourdan. I had mucji ado to stop
the firing, and told them, I thought they were mtd ;
and [that] I believed they bad not killed and wound-
ed less than forty or fifty of our own men. And I
asked them what they shot at ? they answered, ' At
a Frenchman that ran away.' But to admiration no
man was killed but he, [the Frenchman] and one of
our men wounded in the leg. And I turning about,
a Frenchman spoke to me, and I gave him quarter.

Daylight coming on, and no discovery made of the
enemy, I went to the place where I had left Mon-
sieur Gourdan, to examine him and his sons, who
agreed in their examinations ; told me two of their
men were abroad. It proved a damage. And
further told me, that Monsieur Sharkee lived several
leagues up, at the head of the river, at the falls, and
all the Indians were fishing, and tending their com
there; and that Monsieur Sharkee had sent down
to him, to come up to him, to advise about the In-
dian army* that was to go westward. But he had
returned him answer, [that] his business was urgent,
and he could not come up ; and that Sharkee, and
the IndianS^would certainly be down that day, or the
next at the furthest, to come to conclude of that
matter.

This was a short night's action, and oil sensible
men do well know, that actions done in the dark,
fbeing in the night aforesaid) under so many dif-
ficulties, as we then laboured as before related,
was a very hard task for one man, matters being cir-
cumstanced as in this action, which would not admit
of calling a council ; and at that time could not be
confined tiiereunto. At which time I was transport-
ed above fear, or any sort of dread ; yet, being sensi-
ble of the danger in my arrpy's crowding so thick

together, and of the great duty incumbent on tne,

■ ■ I II J I I II ''11 — »<— »^— ^

• See note 2, of page 259.

268 FRENeif AND INDIAN WARS.

to preserve thpm from all danger [that] I possibly
could, for further improvement in the destruction of
our implacable enemies, am ready to conclude, that
I wa^ very quick and absolute in giving such com-
mands and orders, as I then apprehended most pro-
per and advantageous. And had it not been for the
intelligence I had'received from the French, we took
at Fenobscot, as before hinted ; and the false report
[that] the French women (first took) gave me, I had
not been in such haste.

I question not, but those Frenchmen that were slain,
had the same good quarter of other prisoners. But
I ever looked on it, a good providence of Almighty
God, that some few of our cruel and bloody enemies
were made sensible of their bloody cruelties, perpe-
trated on my dear and loving friends and countrymen ;
and that the same measure (in part) meeted to tiiem,
as they had been guilty of, in a barbarous manner at
Deerfield ; and, I hope, justly. I hope God Almighty
will accept hereof, although it may not be eligible to
our French implacable enemies, and such others as
arfe not our friends.

The foregoing journal, and this short annexment,
I thought it my duty to exhibit, for the satisfaction of
my friends and countrymen, whom I very faithfully
and willingly served in the late expedition. And I
hope will find acceptance with your excellency, the
hondurable council and Representatives now assem^
bled, as being done from the zeal I had in the said
service of her Majesty, and her good subjects here.
I remain your most humble and obedient servant,

BENJAMIN CHURCH."

This night's service being over, immediately Col-
onel Church leaves a sufficient guard with Gourdan
and the other prisoners, moved in some whaleboats
with the rest ; and as . they were going, spied a
small thing upon the water at a great distance, which
proved to be a birch canoe with two Indians in her.

J^RBNca AND INDIAN WAM» 369

The Colonel presently ordered the lightest boat he
had, to make the best of her way, and cut them ofF
from the shore. But the Indians perceiving their de-
sign, ran their canoe ashore and fled. C!olonel
Church fearing [that] they would run directly to
Sbarkee, ^ade all the expedition imaginable. But
it being ebb, and the water l6w, was obliged to land,
and make the best of their way through the woods,
hoping to intercept the Indians, and get to Sharkee's
house before them, which was two miles from where
our forces landed.

The Colonel being ancient and unwieldy, desired
Sergeant Edee to run with him. And coming to
several trees fallen: which he could not creep under,
or readily get over, would lay his breast against the
tree, the said Edee turning him over, generally had
catljick^ falling on his feet, by which means [he]
kept in the front. And coming near to Sharkee's
house, discovered some French and Indians making
^ wear* in the river, and presently discovered the two
Indians aforementioned, who called to them at work
in the river, [and] told them, [that] " there was an
army of English an Indians just by." [They^^ im-
mediately left their work and ran, endeavourmg to
get to Sharkee's house. [He]^ hearing the noise,
took his lady and child and ran into the woods. Our
men running briskly, fired and killed one of the In-
dians, and took the rest prisoners.

Then going to Sharkee's house found a woman and
child, to whom they gave good quarter. And find-
ing that Madam Sharkee had left her silk clothes and
fine linen behind her, our forces were desirous to have
pursued and taken her. But Colonel Church forbade
them ; saying he would have her run and suffer, that
she might be made sensible, what hardships our poor
pegple had suflfered by them, &c. [He] then pro-
1 [who] 8 [who]

a ^

* Or, wier, a rack to xatch fish in*

270 FREHCH AND INDUN WAES,

eeeded to examiBe tbe prisoners newly taken, who
gave him the same account [that] he had before, of
Uie Indians being up at the falls, &c. It being just
night, prevented our attacking them that night.

But next morning early, they moved up to the falls,
which was about a, mile higher. But doubtless the
enemy had some intelligence by the two aforesaid In-
dians, before our forces came, so that they all got on
the other side of the river, and left some of iheir
goods by the water side to decoy our men, that so
they might fire upon them ; which indeed they effect-
ed. But through the good providence of God, never
a man of ours was killed, and but one slightly wound-
ed. After a short dispute. Colonel Church ordered
that every man might take what they pleased of the
fish, which lay bundled up, and to burn the rest,
which was a great quantity. The enemy seeing what
our forces were about, and that their stock of fish
was destroyed, and the season being over for getting
j^ny more, set up a hideous cry, and so ran all away
into the woods. They being all on the otlier side of
the river, ours could not follow them.

Having done, our forces marched down to their boats,
at Sbarkee's, and took their prisoners, beaver, and
other plunder which they had got, and put it into
their boats, and went down to Gourdan's house, where
they had left Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, and Major
Hilton, with part of the forces to guard the prisoners,
(and kept a good look out for more of the enemy)
who upon the Colonel's return, gave him an account
that they bad made no discovery of the enemy since
he left them, &c.

Just then her Majesty's ships ai?d transports arriv-
ing, the commanders of her Majesty's ships told Col-
onel Church, that they had orders to go directly for
Portroyal gut, and wait the coming of some store
fillips,* which were expected at Portroyal from France.

* No ships arrived, or at least, we have no account of anj.
Holmes^ 11^ 65^ mentions, sub anno 1705, that a ricb ship

FRENCH ANB INDIAN WARS. 271

And Colonel Church advisdng with them, pr^^osed
that it was very expedient and serviceable to the
crown, that Captain Southack in the Province galley
should accompany them, which they did readily ac-
quiesce with him in.

Upon which, the Colonel immediately embarked
his forces on board the transports, and himseH* on
board Captain Jarvis, ordering the commissary of the
stores, the minister, surgeons and pilots all to embark
on board the same vessel with him. Ordering all
the whaleboats to be put on board the transports, and
then to come to sail. The ships standing away -for
Portroyal gut, and Colonel Church with the trans-^
ports for Menis. In their way the CokMiel inquired
of their pilot, Fellows, what depth of water there was
in the creek, near the town of Menis ? he answered
him, that there was water enough, near the town, to
float that vessel^ they were in, at low water.

So, when coming near, Colonel Church cAserved a
woody island between them and the town, that they
ran up on the back side of, (the said island) with
all their transports, undiscovered to the enemy, and
came to anchor. Then the Colonel and all his for-
ces embarked in the whaleboats. It bfeing late in tho
day, [they] moved directly for the town ; and in the
way asked for the pilot, who, he expected, was in one
of the boats ; but he had given him the slip, and tar-
ried behind. The Colonel not knowing the difficul-
ties that might attend their going up to the town, im-
mediately sent Lieutenant Giles, who could speak
French, with a flag of truce up to the town, (with a

named the Sieoe, was taken, the preceding autumn, by the
English ; apd that she was bound to Qucbeck, with a cargo
amounting to nearly a million of livre?. But this was in
June, hence it does not agree with the &upi$osition that said
ship was taken by Chiircn^s conYoy. He cites Charlevoix,
and the Unit erssu History. Br. Douglass, I, 557, in this,
as well as many otiier caee?, comes happily to our relief. He
informs us, that this ship *' \v?.« taken by an English Vir-
ginia Fleet,"

2t% FSSNGH AND INDUN WARS.

swamxmB^ whidi was wtHten beftnre they hnctedt) ex-
pecting their sorrendery which is as followeth.

^' Aboard her Maje^^a Skip dAmUure^ near the g'kd

if Mema, June 20yl704.

An agreement made by the field officers commanding
her Majesty^ 8 forces for the present expedition
against the French enemies^ and Indian rebels.

Agreed, that a declaration or summons be sent on
shore at Menis and Portroyal, under a flag of truce.

Varticularly, we do declare to you, the many cruel-
lies and barbarities that you and the Indians have
been guilty of towards us, in laying waste our coun-
try here in the east at Casco, and the places adja-
cent. Particularly, the horrid action at Deerfield,.
this last winter, in killing, massacreing, muidering
imd scalping, without giving any nottee at all, or op-
portunity to ask quarter at your hands ; and, after all,
carrying the remainder into captivity in the height
of winter, (of which they killed many in the joutney)
and exposed the rest to the hardships of cold and
famine, worse than death itself. Which cruelties we
4re yet every day exposed unto and exercised with.

We do also declare, that we have already made
some b^nnings of killing and scalping some Cana--
da men, (which we have not been wont to do or al-
low) and are now come with a great army of English
and Indians, all volunteers, with resolutions to sub-
due you, and make you sensible of your cruelties to
us, by treating you after the same manner.

At this time we expect our men of war and tran-
sport ships to be at Portroyal. (We having but late*
ly parted with them.)

In the last place, we do declare to ypu, that in-
asmuch as some of you have shown kindness to our
captives, and expressed a love to, and desire of be-
ing under the English government, we do therefore,
notwithstanding all this, give you timely notice, and

FEINCH AND INDIAN. WJcBR 373

do demand a surrender immediately, by the teykig
down yom* arms, upon whicb, we promise v^ y good
quarter ; if not, yon must expect the utUKWt severity.
To the chief commander of the town of Ifenis,
and the inhabitants thereof, and we expect your an-
swer, positively, within an hour.

Benjamin Church, CcH.

John Gorham, lAeut. Col.

WiNTHROP Hilton, Maj.^^

Then moving to the creek, expecting to have liad
water enough for the boats, as the pilot had informed
Aem, but found not water enough for a canoe^ So
[they] were obliged to land, intending to have beeO'
up at the town before the hour was out, that the
summons expressed. For their return was, " that
if our forces would not hurt their estates, then tliey
would surrender, if otherwise intended, they should
fight for them," &c.

But meeting with several creeks, near twenty or
thirty feet deep, which were very muddy and dirty ^
so that the army could not get over them, [and] were
obliged to return to their boi^ts again, and wait till
within night, before the tide served them to go up
to the town. And then [they] intended to go up
pretty near tlie town, and not to fall to, till morning ;
being in hopes that the banks of the creeks would
shelter them from the enemy. But the tide's rising
so high, exposed them all to the enemy ; who had
the trees and woods to befriend them ; and so came
down in the night, and fired smartly at our forces.
But Colonel Church being in a pinnace, that had a
Ismail cannon placed in the head, ordered it to be
charged several times with bullets, in small bags^
and fired at the enemy ; which made such a rattling
amongst the trees, that [it] - caused the enemy to
draw oflf. And by the great providence of Almighty
God, not one of our forces was hurt that night But

274 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

as I have been informed, [the enemy]l had one In-
dian killed, and some others wounded, which was
some discouragement to [them.]*

Next morning, by break of day. Colonel Church
ordered all his forces (and placed Major Hilton on
the right wing) to run all up, driving the enemy bq-
fore them ; who leaving their town to our forces, but
had carried away the best of their goods, which were
soon found by our soldiers. The bulk of the enemy
happening to lie against our right wing, caused the
hottest dispute there. [They]^ lay behind logs and
trees, till our forces, and Major Hilton, whp led them,
came [ — ^ upon them, and forced them to run-
And notwithstanding the sharp firing of the enemy
at our forces, by the repeated providence of God,
there was never a man of ours killed or wounded.

Our soldiers not having been long in town, before
they found considerable quantities of strong drink,
both brandy and claret; and being very greedy
after it, especially the Indians, were very disorderly ;
firing at every pig, turkey, or fowl [that] they saw ;
of which [there] were very plenty in the town,
which endangered our own men. Colonel Church
perceiving the disorder, and firing of his own men,
ran to put a stop to it, [and] had several shot come
very near him. And finding what had occasioned
this disorder, commanded his oflicers to knock out
the heads of every cask of strong liquor they could
find in the town, to prevent any further disturbance
among his army; knowing, [that] it was impossible
to have kept it from them, especially the Indians, if
it were saved, &c.

Then some of the army who were desirous to
pursue the enemy, having heard them driving away
their cattle, requested the Colonel to let them go.
[Hej* did, and gave them their orderg. Captain
Cooke, and Captain Church to lead the two wings,
1 [they] 2 [the enemy] 3 [who] ^ [on] ^ [who]

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 275

and Lieutenant Barker,* who led the Colonel's com-
pany, in the centre. And the said Captain Cooke
and Captain Church desired Lieutenant Barker not
to move too fast ; so that he might have the benefit
of their assistance, if he had occasion. But the said
Lieutenant not being so careful as he should have
b^een, or at least was too eager, was shot down, and
another man, which were all the men that were kill*
ed in the whole expedition.f

Towards night. Colonel Church ordered some of
his forces to pull down some of the houses, and
others to g^t logs and make a fortification for his
whole army to lodge in, that night; that so they
might be together. And just before night [he] or-
dered some of his men to go [and] see if there were
any men in any of the bouses in the town ; [and] if
[there were] not, to set them all on fire, which was
done; and the whole town seemed to be on fire all
at once, &-c.

The next morning the Colonel gave orders to his
men, to dig down the dams, and let the tide in^ to
destroy all their corn, and every thing that was good
cLCCording to his instructions ;| and to burn the for-
tification which they had built the day before ; and
when the tide served to put all the plunder which
they had got into the boats. Then ordering his sol-
diers to march a good distance one from another,
which caused the enemy to think that there were no
less than a thousand men, as they said afterwards ;
and that the burning of the fortification, and doing
as they did, caused the enemy to think that they were

* Charlevoix, in his account of the taking of Menis, says,
that the Lieutenant General of the English forces, was kill-
ed, by which the Lieutenant of Church's company is meant.

t Penhallow in N. H. Hist. Col. I, 34, says " not above six
died in the whole expedition."

i Thus do govei*nments cause such horrid scenes. But is
the crime lessened? They are consideted right in the trade
and custom of war. But is it so on that account ?

376 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

gone clear off, and not to return again. But it prov-
ed to the contrary ; for Colonel Church and his for-
ces, only went aboard their transports, and there staid
till the tide served. In the night [they]^ embarked
on board their whaleboats, landed some of their men,
expecting they might meet with some of the enemy
mending their dams ; which they did. And with
their boats went up another branch of the river to
another town or village, [and] upon such a surprise,
[that they] took as many prisoners as they could de-
sire.

And it happened that Colonel Church was at the
French Captain's house when two gentlemen came
post from the Governour* of Portroyal to him, who
was the chief commander at Menis, with an express
to send away two companies of men to defend tlie
King's fort there ; and to give him an account, that
there were three English men of war come into Port-
royal gilt, or harbour ; and that the men sent for
must be posted away with all speed. Colonel Church,
as was said before, being there, treated the two gen-
tlemen very handsomely^ and told them, [that] he
would send them back again post to their master
upon his business. And bid them give him his hearty
thanks for sending him such good news, that part of
his fleet was in so good a harbour. Then reading
the summons to them that he had sent to Menis.
Further added, that their master, the Govemour of
Portroyal, must immediately send away a post to the
Governour of Canada, at Quebeck, to prevent bis
further sending any of his cruel and bloody French,
and savages, as he had lately done upon Deerfield,
where they had committed such horrible and bloody
outrages upon those poor people, that never did

1 [his]

* Monsieur De Sab^rcase, this year caaie in to be gOTern-
our of Acadie. Portroyal, I suspect, was his principal seat.
The next year he drove the English froni Newfotvidlaod«
and destroyed their settlements. Holmes II, 65. -

FAENGH ANP INDIAN WARS. 277

them any harm, as is intolerable to think of; and
ihat for the future, if any such hostilities were made
upon pur frontier towns, or any of them, he would

. come out with a thousand savages, and whaleboats
convenient, and turn his back upon them, and let
his savages scalp, and roast the French ; or, at least,
treat them as their savages had treated ours.

[^He] also gave them an account of part of that
action at Passamequado, and liow that his soldiers
had killed and scalped some Canada men there, and
would be glad to serve them so too, if he would per-
mit them, which terrified them very much,* &c.
The two French gentlemen that came post, made
solemn promises, that they would punctually do the

, Colonel's message to their Govemour. So with the
desire of the French people there, that the Govem-
our might have this intelligence. Colonel Churcb
dismissed them, and sent them away; tfelling the
same story to several of the prisoners, and what they
must expect, if some speedy course were not taken
to prevent further outrages upon the English. The
number of prisonersf then present, which were con-
siderable, did unanimously entreat of Colonel Church,
that he would take them under the protection of the
crown of England ; making great promises of their
fidelity to the same ; begging with great agony of
spirit to save their lives, and to protect them from
his savages, whom they extremely dreaded.

As to the matter of, the savages, he told them,
[that] it would be just retaliation for him to permit
his savages to treat the French in the same manner,
as the French with their savages treated our friends
in our frontier towns. 'But as to his taking them un-
der the protection of the crown of England, he ut-

^Mi*-^^^— ^^ III ^ iw> ■!■ ■■■■! ■ i«i ■ III ,.■ I ■ I ■ .^1 . ■! , ■ I ■! I . m i.^^i— Ml ■ ,, ^^— ^— »i^— — — ,

♦This, the commander of Portro^al, says Hutchinson,
> must know to be a gasconade.

t Penhallow says, that in this expedition one hundred pri-
•oners were taken. So says Dr. Douglass, I, 307 ; probaUy
OQ the same authority.

^S78 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAUS.

' ferly refused it ; urging to them, their former perfi-
diousness. They also urging to him, that it would be
impoBsible for any French to live any where in the
bay of Fundy, if they were not taken under the Eng-
lish government. For with the benefit of the whale-
boats, {as the English called them) they could take
and destroy all their people in the town of Menis,
in one night. But he replied to them, [that] it should
never be. Alleging to them, that when they were
so before, when Portroyal was taken last by the Eng-
lish,* that it proved of very ill consequence to the
crown of England, and the subjects thereof in our
jrontiers. For that our English traders supplying
them, enabled them fwhich opportunity they improv-
ed) to supply the Indians, our bloody enemies; and,
therefore, hfe could make no other terms of peace
with them, than, that if the French at Menis, Sig-
necto, and Canada, would keep at home with their
bloody savages, and not commit any hostilities upon
any of our frontiers, we would return home and leave
them. For that we lived at a great distance off, and
had not come near them to hurt them now, had not
the blood of our poor friends and brethren, in all
the frontiers of our province cried for vengeance.
Especially, that late unheard of barbarity committed

* 11 is situated on the west side ol Novasrotia, on a river

" '' [ime name, which floivs into the bay of Fundj. Men-

I been made of the expedition to Canada in 1690, un-

William Phips ; the reduction of PortMyal was eie*

ndcr the same gentleman, in the Eaine y«ar, but pre-

!t was commanded Ik- Gov. Menival, who built itabput

When Phips look it, it was both " ill fortified anrt ill

d." See note 1, on page (77, It was in no condition

! a sieEc, and submitted without resistance. (Hutch-

, asa.) But it waa, in 1705, retaken by the FmucIi.

n 1710, a larf;e armaiaont under Col. Nicholson went

it, of which they made an easy conquest. There

it 360 men to defend it. The English had 5 frigates,

6 lower rates, and 24 transports. After it was taken the

Dame waa changed from Port Roffi to As^apvlii n^nl.

Which it ret retains.

WaXMOU AND mPUN WARS. 379

Upon Uie town i^Deerfield ; which wrought soffene*
rally on the hearts of our people, that our forces
came out with that unanimity of spirit, both among
the English and our savages, that we had not, nor
needed a {M-essed man amoog them. The Colonel
also telling them, that if ever hereafter any of our
ftontiers, east or west, were molested by them, as
formerly, that he would, (if God spared his life) and
they might depend upon it, return upon them with a
thousand of his savages, (if he wanted them,) all vo-
lunteers, with our wiialeboats, and pursue them to
the last extremity.

The Colonel's warm diiscourse with them, wrought
s^ch a consternation in them, which they discovered
\^ their panick fears and trembling, their hearts sen-
sibly beating, and rising up, as it were, ready to choke
them. [They] confessed, that they were all his pri-
soners, and begged of him, for JESUS' sake, to save
their lives, and the lives of their poor families, with
such tteltiog terms, as wrought relentings in the
Colonel's breast towards them. But however, he told
them, that his intent was to carry as many prisoners
home as he could ; but that he had taken so many,
they were more than he had occasion for, nor desired
any more ; and, therefore, he would leave them.

The Colonel resolving the next day to complete all
his action at Menis, and so draw off. Accordingly,
[he] sent his orders to Colonel Gorham and Major
Hilton, with all the English companies, both officers
and soldiers, except some few, which he thought be
might have occasion for, to go with the Indians in thd
whaleboats, up the eastward river, where a third part
of the inhabitjints lived. That so he might prevent
any reflection made on them, in leaving any part <rf
the service undone. And therefore, in the evening,
ordered all the whaleboats to be laid ready for the
night's service. And , accordingly when the tide serv-
ed, he went with his Indians up the river, where they
did some spoil upon the enemy going up.

28a . FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

In the morning, several of their transports came to
meet them, to their great rejoicing, wbom they went
on board [of] and soon came up with the whole fle^t,
with whom they joined, bending their course directly
towards Portroyal, where they were ordered. Cona-
ing to Portroyal gut, where Uieir ships were, and call-
ing a council according to his instructions, drew up
their result, which is as followeth.*

" Present all the Field Officers and Captains of the
land forces, aboard the province Galley ^ 4th Jvly^
1704, in Portroyal harbour.

We whose names are hereunto subscribed, having
deliberately considered the cause in hand, whether it
be proper to land all our forces, to offend and destroy
us much as we can at Portroyal, all or any piirt of the
inhabitants thereof, and their estates, we areof opin-'
ion, that it is not for our interest and honour, and the
country's whom we serve, to land and expose oup*
selves ; but quit it wholly, and go on about ouiH>ther
business, we have to do ; for this reason, that we
judge ourselves inferjour to the strength of the ene-
jny ; and, tlierefore, the danger and risk we run, is
greater than the advantage we can, or are likely to
<>btain; seeing, the enemy hath such timely notice,
and long opportunity to provide themselves against
us ; by our ships' lying here in tlie road about twelve
days before we could join them from Menis, where
we were during that time, and being so meanly pro-
dded with necessaries, convenient for such an under-
taking with so small a number of men, not being
four hundred, capable and fit for service to land;,
and, understanding, by all the intelligence vvc can

* That anj steps should be taken, or even any thing said
aboat reducing Portroyal, may seem strange, after they had
been so peremptorily refused, by the Governour, as has been
related m the preceding hifelory. Sec page 253.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 281

get, from both English, and French prisoners, that
the fort is exceeding strong.

John Gorham, lAevt. Col.

WiNTHBOF Hilton, Major^

Jos. Brown,

James Coo:,

John Cook,

Isaac Mtrick,

John Habsabon,

Constant Chuiu^u,

John Dter,

Joshua Labib,

Caleb Williamson,

Edward Church."

^ Having pursuant to my instructions, taken the ad-
vice of the gentlemen above subscribed, and con-
sidering the weight of their reasons, I do concur
therewith. BENJAMIN CHURCH."

"Whereas Colonel Church hath desired our ojnn-
ions, as to the landing the forces at Portroyal, they
being but four hundred effective men to land ; and
by all the information, botli of French and English
prisoners, the enemy having a greater number of men,
and much better provided to receive, than they are
to attack them, we do believe, it is for the service of
the crown, and the preservation of her Majesty's sub-
jects, to act as above mentioned.

Thomas Smith,
Georoe Rogers, ^
Ctprian Southack."

After this they concluded what should be next
done, which was, that the ships should stay some days
longer at Portroyal gut, and then go over to Mount-
desart harbour, and there stay till Colonel Church,
With his transports, came to them.

Being all ready, the Colonel with his transports and
rces went up the bay to Signecto, where they neied- i

24* i

r.j

282 FBENCH AND INDIAN WA£S.

ed not a julolt beiog mmnd of them weU lUMjaai&ted
there. (Aod [they] had ui9t ui»i with so maav diffi-
culties at Menis, baid it not been that their pilot de-*
ceived them, wk> knew nothing of the matter, [anjil
kept o«t of the way, and landed Qot with them, &c.)
And coming to Signecto, the enemy were all inarms|
to receive them. Coioae^ Chnrch landing hi? men»
the c(»nmander of ti^ enemy waving his sword over
his head, bid a challenge to them. The Colonel or-
dering his two wings to march up apace, and come
upon tJIm backs of the enemy. Himself being in die
centre, and the enemy knowing him> (having beea
there before) shot chiefly at him. But through God's

foodnesB, received no harm ; neither had he one man
illed, no^ but two slightly wounded ; and then all ran
into the woods, and left their town with nothing in it.
Having had timely notice of our forces' [coming, theyj
had carried all away out of the reach of our armyj
for Colonel Church while there with part of his for-
ces, ranged the woods, but to no purpose. Then re-
turning to the town, did them what spoil he couldi
according to his instructions, and so drew off, and
made the best of their way for Passamequado. Ana
going in, in a great fog, one of their transports ran
upon a rock, but was soon got off again.

Then Colonel Church with some of his forces em-
barked in their whaJeboats, and went amongst the
islands, with an intent to go to Sharkee's where they
had destroyed the fish. But observing a springy
place in a cove, went on shore to get some water to
tlrink. It being a sandy beach, they*espied tracks;
the Colonel presently ordered his men to scatter and
make search. [They] soon found De Boisses'* wifis,
who had formerly been Colonel Church's prisoner^
and carried to Boston, but returned ; who seemed
very glad to see him. She had with her, two sons^
that were near men grown. The Colonel ordering
them apart, examined the woman first, who gave him
this account following. That she had lived there-

' '' III ■ I. r ., . .1 , , I I , . , II ^ „ ,111 I ,— — ,1^

• Dubois. ProQOUDced Duboy,

FRENCH AND INDIAN Wa^S. 283

abouts ever since the fleet went l^ ; and that she
had nerer seen bnt two Indians since^ who came in.
a canoe from Norrigwock ;^ [and that they]^ asked
her, ^ what made her to be there alone"?'. she told
liiem [that] she had not seen a Frenchman nor an
Indian, except those two,* since the Englisji shipt
went by. Then the Indians told her, ^ there was not
one Indian left, except those two, who belonged to
the gut of Canso, on this side of Canada. For those'
friars coming down with the Indians to Monsieur
Gourdan's ; and fmding the Frenchmen slain, and their,
hair spoiled, being scalped, put them into a great
consternation. And the. friars told them it was im-
possible for them to live thereabouts ; for the Eng-
lish with their whaleboats would serve them all so;
upon which they all went to Norrigwock.' Also
told her thaf ^ when the English came along through
Penobscot, they had swept it of the inhabitants, as if
it had been swept^th a broom ; neither French nor
Indians escaping them.' [And,] further told her,
that when their fathers, the friars, and the Indians
met together at Norrigwock, they called a council,
and the friars told the Indians, that they must look
out for some other cbuntry, for that it was impossi-
ble for them to live there.' Also told them [that]
* there was a river called Mossipee,f where they might
live quietly, and no English come near them ; it be-
ing as far beyond Canada as it was to it, &c., and if
they would go and live there ; they would live and
die with them 5 but if not they would leave them,
and never come near them affain.' T^hereupon
they all agreed to go away, which they did; and left
their rough household stuff, and corn behind them ;
and went all, except those two, for Canada. Also
her sons giving the same intelligence, so we had no
reason to think, but that it was true.

'[who]

* Norridgewock. See note 1, on page 337.
t The river Mississippi I suppose yras mei^t

^84- PREIfCH AND INDIAN WARS.

Colimel Cburdi having doae what be coald dier^^^
embariEed on board th^ traaq>c»rts, and w^ lo
Moo^desart^ [He] found bo ships^ 4bere, biit a.
nmdlet, rid off by a line in the haii>our^ which ha
ord^ed to be taken up. And opesiBg of it, fouod ^
letter, which gave him an account that -the shipsi^
were gone home for Boston.

Then he proceeded and went to Penobscot. Where
being come, [they] made diligent search in those
parts for the enemy ; bat could not find, or mdceaay
discovery of them ; or that any had been there, sim;e
he left those parts ; which caused him to believe
what De Boisses' wife had told him was true.r

I will, only by the way, just give a hint of what
we heard since, of the effects of this expedition) and
then proceed. First, that the English forces that*
went next to Norrigwock, found that the enemy was
gone, and had left their rough household stuff, aod
corn behind them.*

Also, not long after this expedition, there were
several gentlemenf sent down from Canada, to con-

l^il ■■! ■ I I I ■■ I ■ ■■■■ IP ■■■■■■■ H ■ ■ I III — . ■ ■■ I I ■■ » I .III t ,, - <■ » * ^

• Reference is here made, it is thought, to the expedition
under Col. Hilton, in the winter of 1705. He with 260 Engr-
lish, and 20 Indians (Dr. Douglass sdys he hiid but 23efiacii),
repaired to Norridgewock on snow shoes, but found no ene-
mies to contend with. They burned the deserted wigwam^
and a chapel, and then returned. See Belknap, I, 268, and
Penliallow, 28.

About the same time an express was ordered with snoir
shoes for the frontiers, but was intercepted by a scout fifom
Montreal, who robbed him of 60 pounds in money ; which, on
being taken to Canada, the Governour c6nverted it ts^^
bcav1,and called it the Newengland gift. lb., or N. H. Wsf.
Soc. Col. 1, 43:

t Hutchinson, II, 141, sub anno 1706^ mentions that 4 or 5
persons were sent to Canada " for the exchange of prisoncij
who brought back Mr. Williams, the minister, and mj^ny w
the inhabitants of Deerfield, with other captives," He men^
tions no more than one's being sent from Canada, and that,
after ours had been sent there. Hence it appears that be
was not very well acquainted with the affair ; for PcnhW-
*- low's hiatory was extant before he wrote, who gives the par*
tieulars about it, viz., that on « the 4 May 1706, Capt. HiM>

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 285

cert with oar Govemoor about the settling of a car^
tel for the exchange of prisoners ; and that the (jot-
cfTfioor* of Canada has never ^nce sent down an
army upon our frontiers, (that I know of) except
smnetimes a scout of Indians to take some prisoners,
Uiat he might be informed of our state, and what we
were acting, &c» And always took care that the
}msoners so te^en, should be civilly treated, and
safely returned, as I have been informed. [Also,]
that some of the prisoners that were taken gave an
account [to this eflfect;] so that we have great cause
to beheve, that the message [which] Colonel Church
sent by the two French gentlemen from Menis, to
the Crovemour of Pc^royal, took effect, and was a
meai^ to bring peace in our borders, 4&c.

Then Colonel Church with his forces embarked oa
board the transports, and went to Casco bay, where
they met with Captain Gallop, in a vessel from Bos-
ton, who had brought Colonel Church further orders;
which were, to send some of his forces up to N<mig-
wock, in pursuit of the enemy. But he being sensi-
ble that the enemy were gone from thence, and that
his soldiers were much worn out, and fatigued in the
hard service they had already done, and wanted to
get home, [he] called a council, and agreed, all to
go home ; which, accordingly they did.

To conclude this expedition, I will just give a hint
of some treatment,f [which] Colonel Church had be-

who was formerly taken at Wells and carried to Canada,
was from thence sent to concert the exchange of prisoners."
He gave information that there were about 187 English
mriseners with the French and Indians. " Upon the advice
hereof," the persons mentioned by Hutchinson, were sent to
Canada, and succeeded in rescuing about 60 captives. The
French Governour was kept in suspense by the management
of Governour Dudley. He wished for a neutrality, and dur-
ing the time, the frontiers enjoyed peace and tranquillity.
Hutchinson, ih.

* Vaudreuil.

t It appears that Church was censured wrongfully, and
for sope time, bore the faults, due only to others. For it

286 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.

•

fore and after he came home. For all his great ex-
penses, faltigues and hardships, in and about this ex-
pedition, viz., he received of his excellency ^een
poundSj as an earnest penny, towards raising volun-
teers. And after he came to receive his deben-
ture for his ColonePs pay, there were twoshiUings and
four pence due to him. And as for his Captain's
pay* and man Jack ; he has never received any thing^
as yet.

Also, after he came home, some ill minded per-
sons did their endeavour to have taken away his life ;
for there were some of the French enemy killed,f
[in] this expedition. But his excellency the Gov-*
emour, the honourable council, and the bouse of
representatives, saw cause to dear hkn, and gave fatm
thanks for his good service done.|

was generally thought by the people, that Col. Church went
on this expedition, for the express purpose of reducing Fort-
royal, as it Was, by fbe governmeBt,styUdtb« ^'Portroyal es«
pedftioB," or, ai entered on tbe councA books ** an expedition
to Portroyal,'' not knowing^tbat he w^ strictly ordered to
tbe contrary ; therefore, we are not surprised that be should
be blamed, until tbe truth should be known. Tbe Govern-
our was accused of preserving that place to benefit himself
by an illegal trade with tbe inhabitants. However thk maj
be, he excused himself by saying, that be bad no orders- froa^
tbe Queen to go a^nst it ; and that her Majesty was to;
send over in the spring, a force expressly for that purpose^
as has been previously stated in this history.

* It will be recollected that he was commissioned Colonel '
and Captain at the same time, and in tbe same warrant.

t See page 265. Some of the enemy that would not sur-
render.

X Thus ends the military achievements of the justly: cele-
brated BsiTJAjfiN Church. [Tbe reader is requested to
correct an errour in Dr. Douglass' History^ I» 557, 8, wkejre
be observes, that Col. Church made an expedkion in 1707-8 ;
it was Col. March.]

APPENDIX.

I.— *SOMB ACCOUNT OP THE EARLY VOYAGES TO, AND

SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA, AND THE

TREATMENT OF THE INDIANS BY

THOSE VOYAGERS.

Als early as 1508, the natives of North America
began to be carried away by voyagers, sometimes by
force, and sometimes by flattery. At this early pe-
riod, one Aubert, a Frenchman, sailed up the river St.
Lawrence, and on his return to France, conveyed off
a number of the natives.^ In 1585, a colony was
^ent out from England, under the direction of Sir
Walter Ralegh, and was settled at Roanoke. This
was the first English colony planted in America.f
Through their misconduct to the natives, and to one
ttKytber, they found themselves in a miserable condi-
tion before the end of a year. Sir-Francis Drake
returning that way from a cruise against the.Spani-
,^ds, gave them a passage to England in his fleet.
Jfust before the arrival of Drake, a chief, and many
of bis men were killed, and afterwards an Indian
town was burned, by order of Sir Richard Grenville,
who brought supplies to the colonists.

In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from EIng-
land, ^nd was the first Englishman that came in a
direct course to this part of America.^ He fell in
with the coast near Cape Cod, which he discovered.
Being met near the shore, by the natives in their ca-

f American Ai»ak, I, S7. f (h. Ij U9.

t Belknap, Biog. 1,^1.

•w^^^f-mif^'

288 APPENDIX.

noes, was kindly treated by them, and they helped
him load his vessels.*

The next year, Martin Pring arrived on the coast,
and collected a cargo of Sassafras.f The Indians
appeared hostile to this company, and caused them
to leave the coast, sooner than they would otherwise
have done. But this was not without a cause. A
canoe had been stolen from them, and they were
sported with by the sailors, who, to get rid of them,
when they had amused themselves sufficiently, would
set their dogs to chase them away.

In 1605, Captain George Wey worth carried off five
of the natives from the coast of Newengland, against
theii: consent ; one of whom was a chief.

In 1607, the first permanent colony of Virginia
arrived in the Chesapeak, the twentysixth of April,
and the thirteenth of May, they took a position for
a town ; which, soon after, in honour of King James,
was named James Town. They were annoyed by
the Indians at first, and one person was killed. A
peace was concluded in June following, but it was
of short duration. An attempt, also, to settle a
colony on Kennebeck river was made this year, but
was relinquished the next. J

In 1614, Captain John Smith made a profitable
voyage to Newengland, and made an accurate sur-
vey of its coast. The Newengland Indians, in this
voyage, were justly incensed against the English, to
ja great degree. When Smith went for England, he
left one Hunt to complete his cargo of fish. This •
^rfidious mian enticed twentyfour Indians on board
lis vessel, put them in confinement, and sold them
at Malaga, to the Spaniards, for slaves. In the course
of the year, another vessel came on the coast to trade

with two of those taken off by Hunt, to assist in the

■ II ' II — ■ II ■ I * I

* Sassafras and furs were then the artieles of exportation*
tSee Belknap's life of Pring. Sassafras was collected

about the ifllands. Pring fouBoT it q& what is now |klgar»

town.
t See page 171 and note 5.

APPENDIX. 289

business. It was now designed to settle a trading
house, but the Indians soon discouraged them in the
att'^mpt. One of the prisoners had died, and the
other was not permitted to go on shore. But some
' approached the ship under pretence of trade, and he
jumped overboard. His friends in the canoes discharg-
ed their arrows so thick at the same time, that in
defiance of the English guns, they got him on board,
and paddled off. A number of the English were
badly wounded, and some of the Indians killed. The
English were discouraged, and sailed for England.*
Two other natives, carried away by Hunt, found
means, in time, to get back to Newengland, and in
some measure, allayed the vengeanfffe of their coun-
trymen ; by assuring them that the English, in gene-
ral, were highly displeased at the conduct of Captain
Hunt.f

These, and many other insults on the Indians,
though small, in comparison with those suffered by
their race in South America, were more than enough
to cause them to entertain fearful apprehensions of
every stranger.

Before 1619, perhaps it would have been alto-
gether impracticable to have attempted a settlement
in Newengland, previous to this time. The natives,
before which, were extremely numerous and warlike ;
but this year^J a mortal sickness prevailed among
them, that almost entirely desolated the country ; in-
somuch, that the living could not bury the dead.
For when the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, the ground
was strewed with human bones. The extent of this
pestilence was from Penobscot to Narraganset.§

• American Annals, I, 184, 185. t Hist. N. H. 1, 10, 11.

X It is not certain that this plague happened in 1619,
though from Johnson and others cited by Holmes, (I, 207,
908,) it appears probable. Morton, 25, says that it was two
or three years before the settlement of Plymouth. Prince,
Chron. 119, thinks this plague raged as early as 1616 or 17.

§ Prince, Chron. 188, and Belknap, Biog. I, 356.

290 APPENDIX.

II.-— ORIGIN OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWENGLAND.

Bigotry and superstition began to lose some
ground in England, as early as 1550. And the per-
secutions, and sufferings of the early martyrs of re-
ligious freedom, have been the subject of many mas-
sy volumes. In 1549, a liturgy had been prepared
by the bishops, and a law passed both houses of Par-
liament, 'f that all divine offices should be performed
according to it."* The clergy were ordered to
conform to the liturgy, under pain of fines and im-
prisonment. And, as has always since been the case^
among all sects, the new sect, then denominated Pia-
ritanSf grew more numerous, in proportion, as the
severity of persecution incT^ased.

In 1607, a congregation fled from England into
Holland, and in 1608, were joined by others, and a
church was there established, according, as they be-
lieved, to the principles of the primitive church of
Christ ; having Mr. John Robinson for their pastor.
Their removal from England into Holland, was at-
tended with the greatest difficulties, and though over-
looked by the chief historians, who have written upon
their history, is certainly among the first articles that
should be related. It formed a part of a Manuscript
History, written by Mr. William Bradford, one of
their number, which, though since lostf , was in pos-
session of Governour Hutchinson, who copied this
valuable part into his " summary of the affairs of the
colony of New Plymouth,"} which is as follows.

" There was a large company of them proposed to
get passage at Boston in Lincolnshire, and for that

* Holmes^ Annals, 1, 50.

t At least, it has not been seen since 1775, when the Brit-
ish Vandals under Gen. Gage, in a sacrilegious manner, dis-
turbed the contents of the old south church, where it was de-
posited.

t In his Hist. Mass. II, No. I Appendix.

APPENDIX. 291

end had hired a ship wholly to themselves, and made
agreement with the master to be ready at a certain
day, and take them and their goods in at a conve-
nient place, where accordingly they would all attend
in readiness. So after long waiting and large ex-
pense, though he kept not day with them, yet he
came at length and took them in, in the night. But
when he had them and their goods aboard he betrayed
them, having beforehand complotted with the search-
ers and other officers so to do, who took them and put
them into open boats, and then rilled and ransacked
them, searching them to their shirts for money, yea,
even the women, further tlian became modesty, and
tlien carried them back into tlie town, and made them a
spectacle and wonder to the multitude, which came
flocking on all sides to behold them. Being thus,
first by the catch-poles, rifled and stript of their
money, books, and much other goods, they were pre-
sented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to in-
form the lords of the council of them, and so they
were committed to ward. Indeed the magistrates
used them courteously, and showed them wh^ favour
they couM, but could not deliver them till order
came from the council table ; but the issue was, that
after a month's imprisonment, the greatest part were
dismissed, and sent to the places from whence they
came, but seven of the principal men were still kept
in prison and bound over, to the assizes. The next
sptmg after, there was another attempt made, by
some of these and others, to get over
place. And so it fell out, that they light
man at Hull, having a shiji of his own b
j^ealand. They made agreement with h
(luainted him with their condition, hop
more faithfulness in him, than in the forn
own nation. lie bade them not fear, tor he would do '
well enough. lie was by apppointment to take them
in,'between Grindstone* and Hull, where was alarge

* Grimsby says Belkaap.

292 APPENDIX.

C(»nmoD, a good way distant from any town. N^w
against the prefixed time, the women and children^
with the goods, were sent to the place in a small
bark, which they had hired for that end, and the men
were to meet them by land ; but it so fell oot, that
they were there a day before the ship came, and the sea
being rough and the women very sick, prevailed with
the seamen to put into a creek hard by, where they
Jay on ground at low water. The next morning the
ship came, but they were fast and could not stir till
about noon. In the mean time, the shipmaster per-
ceiving how the matter was, sent his boat to get the
men aboard, whom he saw ready, walkiag about the
shore, but after the first boat- full was got aboard, and-
she was ready to go for more, the master es{ned a
great company both horse and foot, with bills anct
guns and other weapons, for the country was raised
to take them. The Dutchman seeing that, swore his
country oath, * Sacramentej^ and having the wind fair,
weighed anchor, hoisted sails, and away. After en-
during a fearful storm at sea, for fourteen days or
more, seipn whereof they never saw sun, moon nor
stars, and being driven near the coast of Norway,
they arrived at their desired haven, where the people
ocune flocking, admiring their deliverance, the storm
having been so long and sore, in which much hurt
had been done, as the master's friends related to him
in their congratulations. The rest of the men that*.
Were in greatest danger, made a shift to escape away
before the troop could surprise them, those only stay-
ing that best might be assisting unto the women.
But pitiful it was to see the heavy case of these poor
women in distress ; what weeping and crying or every
side, some for their husbands that were carried away
in the ship, others not knowing what should become
of them and their little ones, crying for fear and
quaking with cold. Being apprehended, they were
hurried from one place to another, till in the end they
knew not what to do with them ; for, to imprison so

APPENDIX. 293

fiaaay women with their iimoeent children for no
other cause, many of them, but that they would go
with their husbands, seamed to be unreasonable, and
all would cry out of them; and to send them home
again was as difficult, for they alleged, as the truth
was, they had no homes to go to, for they had either
sold or otherwise disposed of their houses and liv-
ings : To be short, after they had been thus turmoiled
a good while, and conveyed from one constable to
atiother, they were glad to be rid of them in the end
upon any terms, though, in the mean time, they, poor
souls, endured misery enough."

After remaining several years in Holland, theyte-
gan to fear that their company would finally become
lost, by their connexion with the Dutch ; and that
their efforts to establisli the true religion, also lost.
Some of their young men had already engaged in
the military service of the Dutch, and marriages with
thdr young women had taken place. These things
caused much grief to the pious Forefathers ; more
especially, because the Dutch were dissolute in their
morals.

Under these considerations, their thoughts were
turned towards America; but, never so far north as
Newengland. Sir Walter Ralegh was about this
time,* projecting a settlement in Guiana, and this
place was first taken under consideration. Here a
perpetual spring was promised, and all the beauties
of a tropical summer. But considering the diseases
which were so fatal to Europeans, and their near
vicinity to the Spaniards,! the majority were against
a removal thither.

At length, they resolved to make their settlement
in north Virginia,} and accordingly they sent agents

-• 1617.

t The Spaniards had not actually taken possession of this
conntiy, but claimed it, Belknap, Biog. II, 167.

I North America was then known under the general names
of north and south Virginia, divided by the parallel of 40 d.

294 APPENDIX.

to England, to obtain a grant fromthe Virginia com-
ply, Sind to know whether the King would grant
them liberty of conscience, in that distant country.
The Virginia company were willing to grant them
such privileges as were in their power, but the bigoi-
ted James would agree no further, than " to connive
at them, provided they should conduct peaceably."*

The agents returned the next year, 1^18, to the
great discouragement of the congregation. Resolved,
however, to make another trial, agents were s^l
again the next year, and after long and tedious de-
lays,f a grant was obtained, under the seal of the
company, which, after all this great troubfe and
expense, was never used. J

Notwithstanding, their removal was not given op^
and they made ready for their voyage, with what ex*-
pedition they could. It was agreed that a part
should go before, to prepare the way ; and, accord-
ingly, two ships were got ready, one named the
Speedwell, of sixty ions, the other tlie Mayflower,
of one hundred and eight tons. They first went from
Leyden to England, and on the fifth of August, 1620^
they left Southampton for America ^ but, they were
twice forced to return, by reason of the \md state of
the lesser ship.

It was now agreed to dismiss the Speedwell, and
they embarked on board the Mayflower, and, on the
sixth of Septomber, again sailed on their intended
voyage.

N. Prince, 180. Its whole extent was from Florida to the
bay of Fundy.

* Belknap, Biog. II, 170. American Annals, 1, 198.

t Occasioned by dissensions among the Virginia coiripany.
One treasurer having resigned was displeased with his suc-
cessor. See Bradford in Prince, 151, 153.

X Because it was taken out in the name of a gentleman,
whom " providence" separated from them.

§ They intended to have settled somewhere near Hudson's
river.

II The last port they left was Plymouth.

APPENDIX. S95

Such were the tranfiactions, and such the difficul-
ties, attending this persevering company of Pilgrims,
(as they are truly called) in the great attempt, to set-
tle a colony in America. As no particulars are pre-
served of their voyage, we may now leave them until
they appear on the coast.*

III. ^LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS AT PLYMOUTH.

After some difficulties, in a voyage of two months
and tlflree days, they fell in with the land of Cape Cod,
on the ninth of November. Finding themselves fur-
riier north than they intended to settle, they stood to
the southward ; but soon finding tliemselves nearly
encompassed with dangerous shoals, the Captainf
took advantage of their fears, and bore up again for
the cape ; and, on the tenth of November, anchored
in cape Cod harbour."

On observing their latitude, they found themselves
out of the limits of the south Virginia company.
Upon which it was hinted by some, that they shouU
now be under no laws, and every servant would have
as much authority as his master. But the wisdom
that had conducted them hither, was sufficient to pro-
vide against this evil ; therefore, an instrument was
drawn and signed, by which they unanimously form-
ed themselves into a body politic. This instrument
was executed November the eleventh, and signed by
fortyone persons ; that being the^ number of men,
qualified to act for themselves. Their whole number

• It is related that in a storm a beam of the ship was
thrown out of its place, and that they began to despair, but
some gentleman having a large iron screw, l)y means of which
k was again forced into its place.

t Jones.

t The Captain of the ship was hired by the Dutch to land
them thus far north, because they claimed the country at
Hudson's river, and were unwilling that the English should
f et any footing there. See Morton, 13.

296 APPENDIX.

consisted of One hundred and one.^ John Carrer
was chosen Governour for one year.

- ■ — ,-■,., .., — ' — ., - — — ■ ■ ■ ^. - I ■ .1 _ — ■ ■ ■ ^

* As it must be ever gratifying to posterity to know the
first form of government ever drawn up in their country, and
the names of those who first ventured upon the great undcr^
taking, both are here presented to their view, as I find them
in Mr. Prince's N. Eng. Chronology. In my first edition I
copied from Morton, but on account of some errours in the
names of the signers as given in his Newengland's Memorial
I copy from Mr. Prince. However, it is possible that some
small errours may exist, even in his list ', for we know, that
the chirography of 1620, was vastly different from that a
hundred years after ; insomuch, that what Mr. Morton read
for an r, might have been taken afterward for a i by Mr.
Prince, &c., as will appear by comparing those names, ia
which a difference is seen. Mr. Morton writes No. 25, John
Craxton, No. 27, Joses Fletcher, No. 29, Digery Priest, ^o,
34, Richard Bitteridge, and No. 40, Edward Doten. He
also has No. 32, Edmund Morgeson, but that I suppose lobe a
misprint. Both of those authors copied from Gov. Bradford's
MS., as Hutchinson perhaps did, who differs from both. He
writes Nos. 15 and 16, TiUev, No. 20, Ridgsdale, No. 25^
Croxton, No. 37, Gardner. But the most unaccountable dif-
ferences exist between authors who have copied from Mr.
Prince's printed book. I need not name any one, in particular,
as all that I have met with, differ in some respect, except the
Editors of the N. H. Hist. Collections, who seem to have
been particularly careful.

" In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are under
written the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord Kins
James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and
Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c.

Having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement
of the christian faith, and honour of our King and country,
a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of
Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the
presence of God, and one of-another, covenant and combine
ourselves together, into a civil body politick, for our better
ordering ana preservation, and fartherance of the ends afore-
said ; and by virtue hereof, to enact, constitute, and frame
such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and
offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and
convenient for the general good of the colony. IJnto which
we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness
whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at cape
Cod, the 1 1th of November, in the 3'ear of the reign of our
sovereign Lord, King James, of England, France and Ire-

APPENDIX.

297

The day answering to the Ekvenih of December,
id celebrated as the day of the landing of the Pil-
grims ;* but on that day, a place was discovered,'
and fixed upon for their settlement.* Parties before
had landed and made some discoveries.

The saine day that the memorable instrument was -
signed, a party left the ship, and landed to explore
the country, and get wood, but returned without
making any particular discovery. But a few days
after, (November fifteenth) sixteen men, under Cap-
tain Myles Standish, were permitted to go in search

land, the XVIII, and of Scotland the LIV. Anno Domini,
IBSO."

1 Mr. John Carver,*

2 William Bradf&d,*
8 Mr. Edward Winslow,*

4 Mr. Wm. Brewster,*

5 Mr. Isaac Allerton,*

6 Capt. Miles Standish,*

7 John Aldeh,

8 Mr. Samuel Fuller,t

9 Mr. Christopher Martin*§4

10 Mr. Wm. Mullins,*§

11 Mr. Wm. White,*§

12 Mr. Richard Warren,t

13 John Howland, {in Car-

ver^ s family.)

14 Mr. Stephen Hopkins,*

15 Edward Tillv,*§

16 John Tilly ,*§

17 Francis Cook,t

18 Thomas RogerSj§

19 Thomas Tinker,*§

20 John Ridgdale,*§

21 Edward Fuller,*§

22 John Turner,§

No.

28 Francis Eaton,* 3

24 James Chilton,*§ 8

25 John Crackston,§ 2

26 John Billington,* 4

27 Moses Fletcher,§ 1

28 John Goodman,§ 1

29 Degory Priest,§ 1

30 Thomas Williams,§ 1

31 Gilbert Winslow, 1

32 Edmund Margeson,§ 1

33 Peter Brown, 1
84 Richard Britterige,§ 1
35 George Soule, (of Mr,

Winslow^s family.

86 Richard CIark,§ 1

37 Richard Gardiner, 1

38 John Allerton,§ 1
89 Thomas English,§ 1

40 Edward Dorey, >

41 Edward Leister, J

{both of Mr, Hopkins family.)

101

The above names having this mark * at the end brought
their wives with them. Those with this f did not. Those
with this S died before the end of March. The figures at
the end of the names denote the number in each family.

* To reduce old style to new, eleven days are added ; there-
fore, the 22 December is celebrated as the landing of the
Forefathers.

298 APPENDIX.

of a convenient place for settlement. They saw five
Indians whom they followed all day, but could not
Overtake them. The next day they discovered seve-
ral Indian graves ; one of which they opened, and
found some rude implements of war ; a mortar, and
an earthen pot ; all which they took care to re-
place ; being unwilling to disturb the sepulchres of
the dead. They found under a small mound of earth,
a cellar curiously lined with bark, in which was
stored a quantity of Indian corn.* Of this they
took as much as they could carry, and returned to
the ship.

Soon after, twentyfour others made the like ex-
cursion, and obtained a considerable quantity of corn,
which, with that obtained before, was about ten
bushels.f Some beans- were abo "fmmd. J This
discovery gave them great encouragement, and per-
haps prevented their farther removal ; it also saved
them from famine.

After considerable discussion, concerning a place
for settlement, in which some were for going to Aga-
wam,<^ and some not so far, it was concluded to send
out a shallop, to make further discovery in the bay.
Accordingly, Governour Carver, with eighteen or
twenty men, set out on the sixth of Decembier, to ex-
plore the deep bay of Cape Cod. The weather was
very cold, and the spray of the sea lighting on diem,
they were soon covered with ice, as it were, like
coats of mail. At night having got to the bottom
of the bay, they discovered ten or twelve Indians,
dibout a league off, cutting up a grampus ; who, on

"*Of divers colours which seemed to them a very goodly
tight, having seen none before.'' Morton, 18.

t Holmes' Annals, I, 201.

t This was not hardly right, perhai>s, but Morton, N. E,
Memoral, 19, sa^s, that in '* About six months ttfter they
gave them full satisfaction to their content."

§ Ipswich is supposed to have been meant, as it was known
hy ^at name in a former voyage.

APPENIMX. 299

discovering the English, ran away with what of the
fish they had cut off. With some difficulty from
shoals, they landed, and erected a hut, and passed
the first night. In the morning they divided their
company, some went by land, and others in the ves-
sel, to make further discovery of 4iie bay, to which
they gave the name of Grampus, because that fish
was found there. They met again at night, and
some lodged on board the shallop, and the rest as
before.* ^^

The next morning, December the eighth, as they
were about to embark, they were furiously beset by
Indians. Some of the company having carried their
guns down to the boat, the others discharged upon
them, as fast as they could ; but the Indians shouted,
and rushed on, until those had regained their arms^
and then they were put to flight. One, howeveiSj
more courageous than the rest, took a position be*
hind a tree, and withstood several volleys of shot,
discharging arrows himself at the same time. At
length a shot glancing upon the side of the tree,
hurled the bark so about his head that he thought it
time to escape. Eighteen arrows were picked up
by the English, after the battle, which they sent to
their friends in England, as curiosities. Some were
headed with brass, and others with horn and bone.
The place where this happened, was on this account,
called the First Encounter.f

The company, after leaving this place, narrowly
escaped being cast away ; but they got safe on an
uninhabited island,J where they passed the night«

• Morton and Belknap.

t Morton, 22. It was before called Namskeket. lb. 21.
Dr. Belknap, Bioe. 11, 202, says, "A creek which now
bears the name of Skakit, lies between Eastham and Har-
wich ; distant about 3 or 4 miles westward from Nauset ; the
seat of a tribe of Indians, who (as they afterwards learned)
made this attack."

X This they called ^'Clark's Island; because Mr. Clark, the
master's mate, first stepped ashore thereon.** Morton^ 34.

^00 APPENDIX,

The next day, December the ninth, they dried their
clothes, and repaired their vessel, which had lost her
mast, and met with other damage. The next day
they rested, it being Sunday. The day following,
they found a place, which they judged fit for settle-
ment ; and, after going on shore,* and discovering
good water, and where there had been cornfields, re-
turned tb the ship. This was on the Eleventh (f
December, 1620, and is the day celebrated as the
Forefathers' Day.

On the fifteenth, the ship came into the new har-
bour. The two following days, the people went on
shore, but returned at night to the ship.

On the twentythird, timber was begun to be pre-
pared for building a common store house.f The
next day, the cry of Indians was heard, but none ap-
peared. On the twentyfifth, the first house was be-
gun. A fort was built on the hill, soon after, (where
the burying ground now is) which commanded the
town and harbour; and, they were diligently era-
ployed, until a town was laid out ; to which they
gave the name Plymouth, on account of the kind treat-
ment they received from the people of Plymouth in

* A large rock near the water, said to be the place where
they -first stepped ashore, is shown with a degree of veneration
by the inhabitants of Plymouth. It rs a granite of a redish cast,
and has long since been nearly levelled with the surface oi
the ground. A large fragment has been placed near tnc
heai of the main street, wliere it is made a rendezvous lor
boys in pleasant evenings. This, as well as the part from
which it was taken, suffers occasionally under the force ol a
dull axe, to add to the entertainment of the story of the trav-
eller. -,,

In the engraving of " The Landing of the Pilgrims at VlJ-
mouth," accompanying this edition, the celebrated rock is
intended to be represented.

t Their provisions and goods were held in common ny "»«
company, at first, but it was soon found by the wise leaders,
that this method was not practicable, andf it was soon orop"

Sed. Perhaps the chief mover of this wise measure was w>v.
•radford, as it was adopted in his administration. See pci-
Jinap, Biog. II, 23a, 3. '

APPENDIX. \ 301

Eoglandy and that being the place in their native
country from which they last sailed.*

In January, 1C21, their store house took fire, and
was nearly consumed. Most of the people now were
sick, and Oovemqur Carver and Mr. Bradford were
confined in the store house, when it took fire. In
March, an Indian came boldly into the town, and
saluted them with these words, "Welcome English-
men ! Welcome Englishmen !" This was uttered in
broken English, but was clearly understood. His
name was Samoset, and he came from the eastward,
where he had been acquainted with some fishermen,
ahd had learned some of their language. They
treated him with kindness, and he informed theniy
that the great Sachem, Massassoit,f was coming to
visit them ; and, told them of one Squanto, that was
well acquainted with the English language. He left
them, and soon after returned, in company with Mas-
sassoit, and Squanto. f This Indian continued with
the English as long as he lived, and was of infinite
service to them. He showed them how to cultivate
corn, and other American productions.

About this time, (beginning of April) Govemour
Carver died. Soon after, Mr. William Bradford was
chosen. The mortality that began soon after their
arrival, had before the end of March, carried off for-
tyfour of their number.

Such was the beginning of Newengland, which
is now, alone, a formidable nation. At the death of
the first Governour, it contained Fiftyseven Europe-

: „. •

* It is remarkable that Captain Smith bad called this place
Plymouth in his map of Newengland. Dr. Belknap says^
that it was partljr on this account that it was now so called.

t For the particulars of Massassoit's visit to the Pilgrims,,
see page 133, and note 1.

i He was one of those carried oflf by Hunt, (see page 288)
and got from Malaga to England ; and was entertained by a
gentleman in London, who employed him to Newfoundland,
and other parts. He was at last brought into these parts by
Mr, Thomas Dernier. Morton^ 27, 28.

26 ^

302 APPENDIX.

an inhabitants, and at the end of two hundred years,
it contained upwards of one million six hundred
thousand.

As it was my design, only to accompany the Pil-
grims until they were seated in the wilderness,. I
shall now dismiss the engaging subject, with a short
.reflection.

Perhaps the annals of the world do not furnish a
parallel to the first peopling pf Newengland ; as it
respects purity of intention, judgment and fortitude
in its execution, and in sustaining for a series of years,
a government, that secured the happiness of all. An
object of admiration, justly increasing on every suc-
ceeding generation, in pi-oportion to the remoteness
of time. Founded on the genuineness of those au-
thorities, who, without the least shade of fable, have
transmitted to us their true history : rendered pecu-
liarly interesting, from its minuteness of detail, even
beyond what could have been expected. Insomuch,
that no one can read, without the deepest interest in
their situations ; and seeming, as it were, to live over
those days with them, and to gain a perfect ac-
quaintance witli a Carver, a Bradford, a Winslow,
and, indeed, the whole train of worthies.

IV. HISTORY or THE PEaUOT WAR.

/ While the number of English inhabitants was
small, their troubles with the Indians were easily set-
tled. But as is natural to mankind, as they increas-
ed in numbers and wealth, they were too proud to
court the favour of theTiatives. And notwithstand-
ing, great tribute is due to the memory of our venera-
ble forefathers, for their almost unexampled resolu-
tion, perseverance, and above all, fortitude and wis-
dom, yet, they were men, and accountable only as
men.

" There was a nation of Indians in the southern
parts of Newengland, called Pequods seated on a

■

APPENDIX, 303

fidr ni^vigable river,* twelve miles to the eastward
of the mouth of the great and famous river of
Connecticut ; who (as was commonly reported
about the time when Newengland was first planted
by the English) being a more fierce, cruel, and war-
like people than the rest of the Indians, came down
out of the more inland parts of the continent, and by
force, seized upon one of the goodliest places, near
the sea, apd became a terror to all their neighbours,
on whom they had exercised several acts of inhuman
cruelty ; insomuch, that being flushed with victories
over their fellow Indians, they began to thirst after
the blood of foreigners, English and Dutch,f that ac-
cidentally came amongst them, in a way of trade or
upon other accounts.

" In the year 1634, they treacherously and cruel-
ly murdered Captain Stonef and Captain Norton,^
who came occasionally with a bark into the river to
trade with them. Not long after within the compass
of the next year,|| they in like treacherous manner,
slew one Mr. 01dham,ir (formerly belonging to New
Pl)maouth, but at that time an inhabitant of Massa-
chusetts) at Block island,** a place not far from the
mouth of their harbour, as he was fairly trading with

them."ff

. — ^

^ Mystic river.

t Some of the Dutch that belonged to Manhattans, now
Newyork, had a trailing house on Connecticut river, and in
some <Ufficulties with the Indians some were killed*.

X Captain Stone was from St. Christophers, and came to
trade in Connecticut river at the Dutch liouse. Hist. Con.
1,70.

§ Norton was of Massachusetts and killed the same time,
Ih. Hit was in 1636.

IF Some difficulty was occasioned with Mr. Oldham, on ac*
count of religious matters, and he was banished out of Mas*
sachusetts, but was afterward permitted to return. For a
valuable memoir of him, see Mr. Savage's edition of Win*
throp's Hist. I; 80.

*« About 20 miles S. S. W. of Newport, R. I.

tt Hubbard's Narrative,

304 APPENDIX.

How much cause the Indians had for these outra-"
ges we cannot tell ; they say, that captain Stone sur-
prised some of their meii, and forced them to pilot
him up the rivet, and that on his coming ashore, with
two others, was killed while asleep. The Englisb
account is as follows. Having entered the river.
Stone hired some Indians to pilot two of his men up
the river, who at night went on shore to sleep,
and were murdered by their pilots. About a dozen
of those Indians, who had been trading with Captain
Stone, went on board his vessel, and murdered him,
as he lay asleep in his cabin, and threw a covering
over him. The men were murdered as they appear-
ed, one after another, except captain Norton, who de-
fended himself in the cook's room, until some powr.
der that he had in an open vessel for the quick load-
ing of his gun, took fire, and so burned him that he
could resist no longer.

Mr. John Oldham was murdered at Block island
by some of them, or at least the murderers were shel-
tered by them. One Gallop, in his passage from
Connecticut,.discovered Mr. Oldham's vessel, and. on
coming near, found the deck to be covered with In-
dians. Gallop now suspected that they had killed
Mr. Oldham,. He hailed them, and they gave no
answer, but made off as fast as they could ; he made
for them, and was soon up with tliem ; iired among
them, and drove all from the deck. His crew being
small, would not venture to board, and so stood oS^
and took the force of the wind, and ran down upon
them, and nearly overset their vessel. Six of them
were so frightened, that they leaped overboard and
were drowned. He again stood off, and so lashed
his anchor, that when he came down upon them
again, it bored through the bows of the Indians' ves-
sel, and four or five more jumped Overboard and were
lost. The vessels now stuck fast together, and they
fought side by side, until they drove all below again ;
and then Gallop boarded them, and as they ventur-

APPENDIX. 305

ed up, were taken and bound. " He n^t having places
conrenient to keep thettk all, threw one into the sea. ,
They fbnnd the body of Mr. Oldham, covered over
with a sail, with his head cleft to the brains. In
this action, Gallop had with him but one man, and
two boys. On board of Mr. Oldham's vessel were
fourteen Indians; two or three of whom got in a hole
below, and could not be drove from it. Captain
Gallop then £sistened the vessel to his, in order to
take her in, but in a gale she ^ was broken off and
lost.

The same year, 1636, the government of Massa-
chusetts sent Captain Endicott with ninety men to
avenge these murders, in case the murderers were
not delivered up, and restitution made for the losses
sustained. The Narragansets, who had some hand
in the murder, now su&nitted to the terms offered
by the English. Captain Endicott proceeded to
Block island, having with him Captain John Under*
hiS, and Captain Nathaniel Tiirner. At their arrival
thej were met by about forty Indians, who all fled
into' thickets, where they could not be found. They
burned sixty wigwams, and destroyed about two hun-
dred acres of corn, and all their canoes, then sailed
for the Pequot country. On their arrival in Pequot
harbour,* several hundreds collected on the shore,
but on learning the business of the English, fled into
the woods. The men were landed on both sides of
the river, and the Indians fired some arrows at them
from behind the rocks and bushes.' One or two of
the enemy were killed, but no object was effected,
and the troops returned to Boston.

Captain Underbill and, twenty men were to pro-
c'eed from thence to Saybrook fort, and strength-
en it. But being wind bound, they went on shore to
take some Indian corn, and Were surprised by a large

' " I ■ ■ III III! . I I I

♦At the mouth of Pequot river, now called the river
Thames.

26*

306 APPENDIX.

body of the enemy, who fought them most of the
afternoon. They, however, put the Indians to flight,
and embarked on board their vessel. One man cmly
was wounded, but they concluded that a number of
the enemy were killed. ' ♦

As nothing now was expected but war, the Eng-
lish took measures to secure the friendship of the
Narragansets, which they effected. They had mock
to fear, in case they should join with the Pequots,
being very numerous, their warriours being estimat-
ed at five thousand. , .

Endicott's ill success rather emboldened them than
otherwise, and in the next April, 1637^ six* men were
killed near Weathersfield, and' several women were
captivated. In all thirty had been killed since the
first disturbances took place.

Vigorous measures were now resolved upon by the
people of Connecticut, who raised ninety men ; and
shortly afler, the other colonies united in the .com-
mon cause.* The Connecticut troops, under Cap-
tain John Mason, on the tenth of May, accompanied
by, about seventy Mohegan Indians, under Uncas
their Sachem, embarked down the river for Saybrook
fort ; where, after making proper arrangements, they

'■■ ™ » ■ " ^ ■■ T*' " 11 ■ ■■ ■ — 1^ iiBi I ■ ■■ M ■■■ I I ■■ ■ ■ I ■■! ■■■■■, II I ■ ii I I ■ I ■■ ■ .r* ■ I ■

♦ The Massachasett^ forces were on their march to join
those of Connecticut, " when they were retarded by the most
singular cause that ever influenced" the operations of a mili-
tary fo*ce. When they were mustered previous to their t!e-
parture, it was found that some of the ofiicers, as well. as
the private soldiers, were still under a covenant of works;
and that the blessing of God could not be implored or expect-
ed to crown the arms of ^uch unhallowed men with success.
The alarm was general and many arrangements iMeessary
in order to cast out the unclean> and to render this little band*
suJOIciently pure to fight the battles of a people who enter-*
gained hi^ ideas of their own sanctity." Robertson's Hist.
America, II, Book X. Thus while the Boston men were sft
war with the spirits of darkness, as they imagined, the Con-
necticut men under Mason were left alane to fight the more
dangerous Pequots, as will presently be seen.

'Qonsistiiig of 200.

APPENDIX. 307

mlQ^ed to Narraganset bay. Here they engaged
a large body of the Narragansets, as auxiliaries, a»d
tfien proceeded to Nihanttc,* where they arrived)
May twentyfcmrth.

The next morning they w^re joined by another body
of the Narragamiets, which made their Indian force
amount to near five hundr^ men. After marching
twelve miles, to Pawcatuck river, Captain Mason
hcJted to refresh his men. Tlie weather was e%^
tremely hot, and the men suffered very much* Hi/i
Narraganset men now learning that they were going
to attack the Pequot's chief fort, wefe greatly amaz*
ed, and the most of them returned home. Ope We-^
quash, a deserter from the Pequots, now piloted the
army to a fort at Mystic. At night they encamped
by two large rocks,f and two hours before day, made
ready to attack the fort. They yet had two miles to
inarch, which took them until near the dawn of day.
The fort was on the top of a hill, and no time must be
lost in making the attack. Their friend Indians now
chiefly deserted them, and they divided themselves
into two divisions, for the benefit of attacking them
in two particular points. The party under Mason
pressed on to the east side, while that under Cap-
tain Underbill gained the west. As Mason ap^
proached the palisades, a dog gave ihe alarm, and
an Indian cried out " Owanux I Owanux /" that is,
*^ Englishmen ! Englishmen !" Being now discover-
ed, they instantly discharged through the palisi^des,
and then rushed into the fort sword in. hand. Here
the battle was severe, and^for some time doubtful.
As the moment grew more critical. Mason thought
^the last expedient, and^ried out, '^ We must burn
them ! We must burn them !" and taking a brand of
fire, communicated it to the mats, with which the
wigwams were covered, they were all in a blaze in a

* In Lyme^

t "Between two la^ge rocks in Groton, since called Porter's
rocks." TrumbuD, I, 8S.

308 APPENDIX.

moftient. The English then formed a circle About
the fort, and all that ventured out to .escape tke
flames, were immediately shot down. Dread^l now
was the work of death. Some perishing in the'
flames, others climbing over the palisades, were no
sooner up than shot down. Uneas, in the mean
time, had come up and formed a circle in the rear,
and in a little more than an hour, the work was com^
plete. Six or seven hundred Indians were slam,
and but two of the English, and sixteen wounded.

The army now began the retreat, and a body of
the enemy were soon seen in pursuit ; but a few shot'
kept them at a distance. This body of the enemy
had not been in the battle, and on arriving at the
fort, and beholding the dismal spectacle, b^it the
ground with rage, and tore their hair in despair^

The English arrived at their homes in about three'
weeks from the time they set out, and the people
were greatly rejoiced at their success.

Sassacus, the chief of the Pequbts, and most -of
his people, now fled and left their country. But
after some time, it was discovered, that ia. great body
of them were in a swamp to the westward. Troops,
therefore, were sent from Massachusetts, who joined
others from Connecticut, and they immediately
marched under the command of the valiant Mason^
in pursuit of them. On the thirteenth of July they
arrived at the fatal swamp. Some of the Englisn
rushed in, but were badly wounded, and rescued wiA
difiiculty. At length they surrounded the swainpi,
and the fight continued through the most of the
night. By the help of a thick fog, many of the war-
j*iours escaped. About twenty were killed, and o&e
kundred and eighty captivated, who were dividend
among the Narragansets and Mohegans. Sassacus,
with a few of his chief men, fled to the Mohaw^,
who, at the request of the Nwrragansets, cut off hi^

APtfiNDlX. 30d

head.; and thus terminated the Pequot war.'* No-
thing of great moment occurred until the time of
PhUip.

V. ^REMAINS OF PHILIp's WAR,

. It is intended here, to narrate the most important
circumstances in the progress of tliat war at the
eastward, in Maine and Newhampshire.

It was generally thougiit, that Philip had excited
all of the Indians throughout Ncwengland, to rise
with him in the war. While this has been doubted
by some, others think it probable, that his endeavours
weie used even among the distant tribes of Virginia.f
However this might have been, it is certain, that with-
in twenty days from the time the war began in Swan-
zey, it began to blaze at the distance of two hundred
miles, even at the northeasterly extremity of New-
england. But the war at the east'.vard is suid to have
grown out of the foolish conduct of some of the in-
habitants. An insult was offered to the wife of
Squando, a chief Sachem on the river Saco. Some
irregular sailors, having heard that youug Indians
could swim naturally, like those of the brute creation,
met the wife of Squando with an infant child in a
canoe, and to ascertain the fact, overset it. Thd
child sunk to the bottom, but the mother diving down,
immediately brought it up without apparent injury.
Hoftvever, it fell out, that the child died shortly after,
and its death was imputed to the treatment it had re-
ceived bom the sailors. This so enraged the chief,
that he only waited a fit time to commence hostili-
ties. Other causes of the war were not wanting aU
along the eastern frontier. A letter was received at

• I . m t. II I ' ■ ' - ■ ■ I . I . — . II. ■ ■ I .. - I.I. ■ ■.

• It was the reflection upon the fate of this once famous na^
<idn, that gave rise to those beautiful and gyrapatlietick lines
inDwight's Greenfield hill, Part the fourth, which see in
Bote S to page 146 of Philip's war.

t See Hubbard, Nar. 263.

310 AP^NDI3t,

Kennebeck, from York, the eleventh July, 1675, giy-
ipg account of the Var at the westward, and that
means were using to disarm the natives along thq
shore. Had the Indians entertained no ideas of ^ar
before, they certainly would be justified in makii^
war upon any that were about to deprive them of the
means of self defence. How mucl^haye the Spar-
tans, under Leonidas been celebrated for their answer,
to Xerxes, when he endeavoured to persuade themk
to give up their arms. But the English were not sa
generous as the Persian monarch, for he promised:
the Spartans a far better country than theirs, if they-
would comply. To which they replied, that no
country was worth having unless won by valour j and,
as to their arms, they should want them in any coun^
try. Perhaps the despised Indians deserve as much
honour, in some instances, as the defenders of Ther-
mopylee.

In an attempt to force the Indians to deliver up
their arms at Kennebeck, one belonging to the Eng-^
lish came near being killed. This caused consider-
able tumult) b^t at length was settled, by promises'
^md hostages on the part of the Indians. But through
the supineness of their keepers, the hostages fouad
means to escape ; and, meeting with some of their
fellows, proceeded to Pejepscot, where they plunder-
ed the house of one Purchase, an eai;ly plantev, and
known as' a trader among them. The men were not
at home, hmt no incivility was offered to the womeni
This was in September, 1675.

About twentyfive of the English marched out to
take revenge for what bad been done. They went
lip Casco bay, and landed near the mouth of the Anr
droscoggin, where they had farms. On coming near
the houses, "they heard a knocking," and presently
saw some Indians; who it appears, were doing no
harm; but without waiting- to know, the English
rushed on them, and some were killed. The Indians
rallied, and wounded many of them before they could

AWENDIX. 31 1

gain their vesesls. Some it appears, even m those
days, stood a little for the rights of the natives, and
ventured to question the virtue of this action. " But,"
says Mr. Hubbard, *4f this happened after the mur*
der of old Mr. Wakely and family, the English can
be blamed for nothing but their negligence*"^ But
wflether it was or not, does not appear.f The de-
struction of this family was horrid. Six persons,
namely, the old gentleman, his son, and daughter in
law, who was far advanced in pregnancy, and three
^andchildren were killed, and mangled in a shock-
mg manner. Some of them, when found the next
day, were partly consumed in the flames of their
dwelling, to which the Indians set fire when they
drew off.

At Saco they met with a severe repuke, in an en-
deavour to take Major Phillips' garrison.| Captain
Benython had got information by a friendly Indian,
that something was intended against the place, so be
retired into the garrison with Phillips. His house
had not been deserted above an hour, when he saw
it in flames. . The savages soon crossed the river, and
were seen skulking by the fences to get a shot at
some- about the garrison. Major Phillips went into
a chamber to look out f^ the enemy, and was wound-
ed. The Indiians thought they had killed him, and
openly began the attack; but |heir Captain being
immediately shot down, they drew a little further off.
They now employed a stratagem to fire the garrison.
They took the large wheels, (used for lumbering, at
a miSl near by, which they burned) and erected a
battery upon the axletree, then they ran it back by
taking hold of the tongue or spear, very near the
gairriso^; when one wheel stuck in the mud, and the

• Narrative, 2d9.

t SaUivan, Hist. Maine, 199, s^s it was in July 1675, and
that the name of the family was Wakefield.

t On Saturday, Id September,

313 APPENDIX.

other rolling on, gave their helm an oblique direction,
and they were all exposed to the fire of.the English.
They being in readiness, fired from every part of the
fortification atonce, killing and wounding about thirty.
The rest gladly, gave up the siege and fled. They next
killed seven perscHis at Blue point, (Scarborough,)
and burned twenty bouses.^ About the same tinie,
five persons were killed by the same Indians, while
going up Saco river. In the same month, they burned
two houses at Oyster river, belonging to two families
by the name of Chesly, killed two men passing in the
river, and carried two captive. One Robinson and
son were shot in the way between Exeter and Hamp-
ton, about this time. Within a few days, also, the
house of one Tozer, atNewichwannock, was assault-
ed, wherein were fifteen women and children, all of
wbimi except two, were saved by the intrepidity of a
girl of eighteen. She first seeing the Indians, shut
the door and stood against it, till the others escaped
to the next house, which was better secured. The
Indians chopped the door to pieces, then entering,
knocked her down, and leaving her for dead, went in
pursuit of the others ; of whom, two children, who
could not get over the fence, fell into their hands.
The valiuit heroine recovered of her wounds. The
two next days, they showed themselves on both sides
of the river, burned two houses and three bams^
containing a great quantity of grain. And, at Oys-
ter river, they burned five houses, and killed two men.
The people were now determined to retaliate. About
twenty young men, chiefly of Dover, obtained leave
of Major Waldron, then commander of the militia,
to hunt the enemy. Having divided themselves into
small parties, one of these came upon five Indians
in the woods, near a deserted house. Two of them
were preparing a fire to roast corn, while the other
three were garnering it. They were at a loss at first

APPENDIX 3lS

how to make their onset, as the Indians were the
most numerous. But at length, concluded to creep
up and knock the two on the head at the fire, without
noise to alarm the others. The first part of their
plan exactly succeeded, the two Indians being laid
dead with the buts of their guns ; but the others heard
the blows and fled.

' People in general, now retired to garrison houses,
and the country was filled with consternation. Octo-
ber the seventh, Thursday, a man was shot off his
horse, as he was riding between two garrisons at
Newichwanhock. Not far from the same place two
others were shot dead the same day; About the
same time, an old gentleman, by the name of Beard,
was killed, and his head cut off and set upon a pole.
Th's was at Oyster river. On Saturday, the six-
teenth, about a hundred Indians appeared at Newich-
wanhock, (Berwick now) a short distance from the
upper garrison, where they killed one Tozer, and cap-
tured his son. The guns alarmed Lieutenant Plais-
jted at the next gariison, who, with seven men, went
out on a discovery, but fell into an ambush ^ two or
three were killed, and the others escaped to the gar-
rison,, where they were closely besieged. In this
perilous situation, Lieutenant Plaisted wrote a letter
to Major Waldron for help, but he was not able to
afford any. The next day Plaisted ventured out with
twenty men to bury the dead, but was again ambush-
ed, and his men deserted him. He disdaining to fly,
was killed \ipon the spot, with his eldest son, and one
more. His other son died of his wounds. - It appears
that the Indians now drew off, for Captain Frost went
up from Sturgeon creek, the next day, and buried the
dead.. The enemy next appeared at Sturgeon ci;pek,
about the latter end of ihh month, and attacked Cap-
t?ivn Frost's house, which was preserved only by a
stratagem. Frost had only three boys with him. but
by giving orders in an imperious tone, for some to
march here, and others to fire there, that the Indian^

314 APPENDIX.

thought he had a great many men, 86 went oflT nod -
left him* The next day they appeared against Porta-
mouth, on the Kittery side, where they killed on©
man and burned his house. Some shot from a can-
non being thrown among them from a battery on
Portsmouth side, they thought best to disappear. A
party of English pursued them, and recovered moai
of their plunder, but killed none. Soon after a
house and two ot three bams were burned at Quoche^
CO, and three or four persons killed about Exeter and
Lampreyeel river.

At Casco bay. Lieutenant Ingersol's son, with
another man, were killed, while out hunting. Many
houses were also burned. At Black point, Lieuten-;
nnt Augur with his brother were killed. Captain
Wincol of Newichwannoek, marched this way for
the^ relief of his friends, with about fourteen men.
He soon had a skirmish with the enemy, and lost two
or three of his men* Soon after, as they were march-
ing along on the sea side, they were bee6t by a great
body of Indians; but, chancing|K> 8^^ behind some
timber, from whencd they dealt with them with such
eftect, that they soon took to the Woods, and the
English escaped in a canoe. But nine men from
Saco, having heard the firing, came out to assist their
fellows, and fell into an ambush, and were all killed.
Two persons were killed at Weils in the beginning
of winter. At the same place, one Cross and one
Idaac Cousins were also killed about a week after.

Depredaitions were suspended on account of the
severity of winter. But before the suspension, up-
wards of .fifty people had been killed aad taken. In
the meanr time, a peace was concluded through dM
mediation of Major Waldron, which, says Mr. Hub-
bard, ^' might have remained firm enough to this day,
' "^ had ther^ not been too just an occiasion given for tli^
breaking of Ihe same, by the wicked practice of some
lewd persons which opened the door, and made wnf
for the bringing in all those sad calamities and mis-

APPENDIX; 315

chiefs, that hove since fallen upon those parts of the
eountry."

But this may be. considered as the end of Philip's
war in the east, althongh from other causes a war
continued till. 1678. * *

Many of Philip's Indiuis mixed with those at the
eastward after the iall of that chief,' in hopes of
escaping detection. For they had seen even those
who deuvered themselT^ up, executed, therefore,
Ifaey were apprised of their fate. Some that had
killed Thomas Kimbal of Bradford, and carried off
his family, soon after restored tliem with the hopes of
pardon, but it being doubted whether this was a^
sufficient, atonement for the whole, they (three of
them) were thrown into Dover jail. The prisoners
considering this only as a prelude to their Aiture
punishment, broke jail, and fled to join the Kenne**
beck and Androseoggin Indians. Through their in*
fiuence anc^her quarrel was begun.

The next remariiLable occtirrence was the capture
of the four hundred Indians at Quocheco.* For
other particulars the reader, is referred to Mather'e
Magnalia, and Belknap's Newhampshire.

Vh THE BOLn EXPJLOIT OF I^ANNAH PUSTAV*

This took place in Uie latter part of Custine^s War^
or as odiers term it '^ ISng WUUam^ Warf^ but as
it is evident that Castine was the chief mover of .i$,
it may very properly be called Castine^s War.

On the fifth of March, 1698, the Indians made . a
descent on Haverhill in Massachusetts, in which they
took and killed tbirtynine persons, and burned about
a half a dozen houses. In the onset, the house of a
]V|r. Dustan was fallen ifpon, and his wife, who had
lain in but a week before^ aad her nurse, Mary Neff,
were taken. Mr. Dustan was absent when the In-

* An account of the affair is given with the history of Mn-
jor W^ldjrpli Kn the Xln^vd note to pa^e Hi;

316 APPENDIX.

dians first appeared about the town, and on kewi^gf
the alarm, ran to the assistance of his fomily. Meet-
ing seven of his children near his house, ordered
them to run, and make their escape to »ome garrison-
in tne town, while he entered the house with intent
to help his wife escape. She left her bed at the
warning, but the near approach of the Indians, 'woukt
admit only of a flying retreat ; this Mr. Dustan saw
was impossible, from the weak state of his wife. A
' moment of horrour and despair brooded over him; iff
which he had to choose whether he would stay, and
suffer with her, or make his escape. He resolved ott
the latter, knowing that he could be no assistance ta
iier, amidst an army of savages ; and, that he might
be to his children, in facilitating their escape. The
Indians Were now upon them, but he having a horse,
fled before them, and overtook his children, about
forty rods from the house ; some one of which, he in-
tended to have taken on the horse with him, and so
escape. But now he was at a loss, for which one to
take, he knew not; therefore, he resolved to face
about, and defend them to the last. Some of the
enemy drew near and fired upon them, and Mr. Dus-
tan being armed, also fired upon the Indians, at
which they gave over the pursuit, and returned to
share the spoils of the house. Mr. Dustan and his
seven children (from two to seventeen years of age)
got safe to a garrison, one or two miles off*, where
we must leave him* to bewail the many supposed
deaths of his wife and infant child.

The Indians, being about twenty in number, in the
mean time, seized the nurse, who was making her
' escape with the young child, and taking Mrs. Dus-
tan, with what plunder could be found from the house,
set it on fire, and took up their march for Canada.
The infant was immediately taken from the nurse,
and a monster taking it by the feet, dashed out its
brains against a tree. Their whole number of cap-
tives was now about twelve, which gradually dimin*

APPENDIX. 317

isbed on the march. Some, growing weary and
faint, were killed, scalped, and othe4rwise mangled,
and left in the wildeiness. Notwithstanding the'
w^aki^ess of Mrs. Dustan, she travelled twelve jniles
the first day, and thu^ bore up under a journey of
near one hundred and fifty miles, in a few days.
On their march the Indians divided, according to their
usual custom, and each family shifted for itself with
their share of prisoners, for the convenience of hunt-
ing. Mrs. Dustan, her nurse and an English youth,
taken from Worcester eighteen months before, fell
to the lot of an Indian family, consisting of twelve
persons ; two stout qaen, three women, and seven
children. The captives were informed, that when
Uiey arrived a^ a certain Indiah town, they were to
run the gauiitlet, throligh a great number of Indians.
But on the thirtieth of April, having arrived at the
mouth of Qontoocook river, they encamped upon a
small island, and pitched Uheir tents. As aU lay
asleep but Mrs. Dustan, she conceived the bold de-
sign of putting the Indians to death, and escaping.
Accordingly, she silently engaged Miss Neff*, and
the English youth, to act a part jn the dreadful tra-
gedy; infusing her- heroism into them, each took a
tomahawk, and with such deadly efiect were the
blowa dealt, that all were slain save two ; one a wo-
man, who fl^d desperately wounded, the other a boy,
whom they intended to have kept. They then took
off their' ten scalps, and returned home in safety.
The government voted them fifty pounds reward,
and Colonel Nicholson, the Governour of Maryland,
made th^m a valuable present. The island on which
this memorable affair happened, justly bears the
name of Dustan's island.*

♦ For the principal facts in this narrative I am indd}ted to
the Magnalia. '

27*

916 . APPENDIX

VII. SCHENECTADA l>ESlilOTSa>i

" In the dead of winter, three e5npedifi<m» were
planned, and parties of French and Inaians despatcAk
ed from Canada, on different routes, to the frontieis
of the English colonies. One of these parties, 6ik
February the eighth, 1690, fell on Schenectada,*^ &
Tillage on the Mohawk river. Such was the fatal sen
eurity of the people, that they had not so much as
shut their gates. The enemy made the attock in the
dead time of the night, when the inhabitants were
in a profound sleep. Care was tstken by a. divisioii
of the enemy into sma^ll parties, to attack every bouse
at the same instant. Before the people were risen
from their beds, the enemy were in possession of
their dwellings, and commenced the most inhsman
barbarities. In an instant the whole village ^as
wrapped in a general flame. Women were ripped
up, and their infants dashed against the posts of their
doors, or cast into the flames. Sixty persons peridi*
ed in the massacre, and about thirty were captivat-
ed. The rest fled naked in a terrible stdmi and deep
snow. In the fMglvt, twentyfive of these unhai^j
fugitives lost their limbs, tlirough the severity of the
a(jeason. '

The enemy consisted of about two hundred French^
and a number of Caghnuagaf Indians, under the
command of D'AilU^bout, De Mantel, and Le Moyne.
Their first design was against Albany, but having
been two and twenty ddys on their march, they were
reduced to such straits, that thej bad thoughts of

surrendering theinselves prisonenS of war. The In-

'*'''-■ ' ' ' ' I I " I ■— »~^ II I II 11

♦About 14 miles above Albany, on the west side of the
Mdiawk. Th^ country around is a sandy barren, on which
account it was called Schenectada.

t This Caghnuaga is in Canada. There is anqthevon the
Mohawk river, & miles below Johnston, but the ipfaabi*
tants here spell it Caugbnewaga.

dkutt, theiefi^e, adkiged thttn4o Schesec^ftda: «a4
it seems tbat the accoimts, which theur scohIs gaffe
UieiB of its fintal secwitf ^ was the only eirciiflifitaaoe
which detenmited them to make an attempt^ even
9pfm tltts. The enemy pillaged Uie town, and went
oir with the phmder, and ^out forty df the best
Jbones. The rest, with all the cattle tlusy coiild find,
weie left slaughtered in the streets. The success of
the Miemy seems to have been principally owing to
tiie dispute between Leisler* and the people erf* AJba*
By, in eoBsequence of which this pc^ was neglect*
ed^

Tbt MiJ^L'wkM joining a party of yotmg men from
Atbasy, pnrsued the enemy, and ialling on Uieirrear,
fciHed aad captivated nearly thirty/'f

VIIL— schutlbr's expedition, and other events^

Tbb success of the French and Indians against the
fronticF settlements of Newengland, had been great,
andthe inactivity of the people to repel them, had just-
ly been an object of blame, with the Sixnations; for
^leir country must at all times afibrd a pass to them.
Steps, therefore, must now be taken to retain the
c<Hi2&dence of those people.

Major Peter Schuyler, the Washington of his day^
lived at Albany, where with incredible industry and
perseverance, he made himself acquainted with all
the plans and undertakings of the Sixnations, and as
studiously maintained a friendship with them, which
joxtewted to all Americans. They had received re-
peated injuries fr<HB the French £br a long tifne, and
^Kimething was now necessary to prove to them, that
the English were not afraid to meet them on their
pwn ground . Accwdingly , in 1 69 1 , Major Schuyler,
" with about three hundred men, nearly half Mo-

* I ■■ ■ ■■■■»■ - — >■ — — ^ ■■ ■ ■ ■ — ..i-^ ■ — ■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ ■■» ■ ■ — ■■ M. ■ PM ■■ ■ ■ ■ • .— —I ■ ^ ■ M ■■■■■■■

* Afterwards executed for asBaminr the goveranieDt of
N^wyork. See Smith's Hkt. N. Y. 121 to m.

t TrumbuU's Hist. U. S. 1, 815 to 'an.

^0 APPENDIX.

faawks and Schakook^ IIuiiaIl^, passed LaJkeCbam'
plain, and made a bold attack on the French settle-
ments north of the hike. Meanwhile, De Callieres, the
Governour of Montreal, spared no pains to give him
a proper reception. He crossed the river with twelve
hnmdred men, and encamped at La Praire. Schuy-
ler attacked and put to .flight his out posts and In-
dians, pursued them to the fort, and on that com-
menced a brisk attack. He had a sharp and brave
actioiv with the French regulars, and afterward forc-
ing his way through a body of the enemy, who in-
tercepted him, on his return, made good his retreat.
In these several conflicts, the Major slew of the ene-
my, thirteen ofl5cers,-and in the whole three hundred
men ; a greater number than he carried with him
into the field."t

Before this, in 1688, twelve hundred warriours of
the Sixpations, made a descent on the island of Mon-
treal, slew a thousand of the inhabitants, and carried
off" twentysix prisoners, whom . they burnt alive.
About three months after,, they attacked the island
again,' and went ofl* with nearly the same success.
" These expeditions had the most dismal consequen-
ces on the affairs of the French in Canada." They
had a garrison at lake Ontario, which they now aban-
doned, and fled in canoes down the Cadarackui in
the night ; and, in descending the falls, a great num-
ber of men were lost. The warriours then took pos-
session of the garrison, and twentyseven barrels of
powder fell into their hands. Nothing but the ignor-
ance of the Sixnations, in the European artpf war>
saved Canada from total ruin ; and, what will ever be
lan^ented, the colonies, through the caprice of their
European lords, were unable to lend them any assist-
ance. With a little help from the English, a period
would have been pu^ to the torrents of blood that

1— I ■ — ---- •- I - - — I I I I ^

* Trumbull, I, 221, but at 301, he spells it as seen in Phil-
ip's war, page 68 except that he.usea but one t

t Ibid. 221-^5.

APFENDDL 321

llolred until, the conquest by the imraortal Wolf mid
Amherst, in 1760.

IX. ^DESTKUCnON OF deebfuxd.

In 1703, the plan was laid to cut off the frontier,
itifaabitants of Newengland, from one extremity to the
other, but it was not fiilly executed. Though the
eastern settlements from Casco to Wells were de-
stroyed, and one hundred and thirty people killed and
taken, the western frontiers remained unmolested,
and were lulled into a fatal tocurity. ' From the In-
dians that traded at Albany, Colonel Schuyler receivr
ed intelligence of a design in Canada to fall upon
Deerfield, of which the inhabitant were informed in
May. ^ The design not being carried into execution
in t&e course of the suminer, the intelligence was
not enough regarded. But the next winter, 1704,
M. Vaudrieul, [Vaudreuil] Governour of .Canada, re-
sumed the project with much attention."

The history of this affiiir from the accomplished
historian of Vermont, Dr. Samuel Williams, is per-
haps more particularly interesting, as he is an imme-
diate descendant of a principal sutferer, the Rev.
John Williams, I give it in his own words.

" Deerfield, at that time, was the most northerly
settlement on Connecticut river, a few families at
Northfield excepted. Against this place, M. Vau-
drieul sent out a party of about three hundred French
and Indians. They were put under the command of
Hertel de Rouville, assisted by four of his brothers;
all of which had been trained up to the business by
their father, who had been a famous partisan in their
former wars. The route they took, was by the way
of Lake Champlain, till they came to tfee French
river, now called* Onion river. Advancing up that
stream, they passed over to Connecticut river, and
travelled on the ice till they came near to Deerfield.
Mr.'TVilliams, their ministeryhad been much appr^-i

^ APPKNDiX.

hensive of danger, and atMnpted to malEe the jrame
impression on Uie minds of his people, but not #itfa
sufficient success; but upon his application, the go-
vernment of the province had sent a guard of twept^
soldiers for their assistance. The fortifications were
«ome slight works thrown round two or three garri-
son houses, but were nearly covered in scmie place?
with drifts of snow. To this placeu Rouville witk.
his party, approached on February tne twentyninth*
Hovering round the place, he sent but his spies for-
intelligence. The watch kept the streets of the town
till about two hours before day,- and then, unfortu*.
nately, all of them went to sleep. Perceiving cdl 4o.
be quiet, tl^ enemy embraced the opportunity BX^i
ruslwd on to the attack. The snow was so high,
that tiiey had no difficulty in jumping over the walhr
of the fortification; and immediately separated inta
small parties, to appear before every house at tbe^
same time. The place was completely surprisedi
and the enemy were entering &e houses at the mo^
ment the inhabitants had the^ first suspicion of their
-approach. The whole village was carried in a few:
hours, and with very little resistance ; one of the gar-
rison houses only, being able to hold cmt against the
enemy. ...

Having carried the place, slain fbrtyseven of the
inhabitants, capture'd the rest, and plundered the vil-
lage, the enemy set it on fire; and an hour after. sun
rise on the same day, retreated in great haste.. A small:
party of the English pursued them, and a skirmish
ensured the same day, in which a few were lost on
both sides. The enemy, however, completely suc-
ceeded in their enterprize, and returned to Canada
on the same route, carrying with them one hundred
and twelveK>f the inhabitants of Deerfield, as prisoners
of war. ' They were twentjrfive days on their march
from Deerfield to Chambly ; and like their masters,
the savages, depended on hunting for their supMrt,
On their arrival in Canada^ they found muclinii-

APPENDIX. ass

«ranity andlcindness from the Fre&ch, Bxai ftmn M.
Vaudrieul their Governour ; but complained much
of the intolerance, bigotry, and duplicity of the
priests.'**

Among the captives was the minister of the town,
Rev. John Williams. As the Indians entered his
room, iie took down his pistol, and presented it to
the breast of the foremost, but it missed fire. They
tken laid hold on him, and bound him naked as he
was, and thus kept him for the space of an hour. In
the mean time two of the children were carried out
and killed ; also a negro woman. His wife, who was
IHHtlly re<;overed from childbed, was with the rest
inarched fer Canada. The second day, in wading a
river, Mrs. Williams fainted and fell, but with assist-
ance was kept' along a little fivther; when at the
foot of a hill she began to fatter, her savage master,
with one blow of his tomahawk, put an end to her
miseries.

The distance they had to march was at least three
hundred miles. At different times the most of the
prisoners were redeemed and returned home. Mr.
Williams and fiftyseven others arrived at Boston from
Quebeck, in 1706. One of his daughters, Eunice,
married an Indian, and became k convert to the Ro-
man Catholick religion, which she never would con-
sent to forsake. She frequently visited her friends
in Newengland ; ** but she uniformly persisted in
wearing her blanket and counting her beads.'^f

Mr. Williams, after his return, was invited to preach
near Boston ; but reftised every offer, and returned
a^ain to Deerfield and collected his scattered flock,
with whom he continued until 1728; ^d]ring in
peace, beloved by his people, and lamented by his
country .** He published a history of his captivity,
which, when Dr. Williams^ his grand son, wrote his

» n »

* WiiUaiBS' Hist. Vermont, I, 904-307.
t Hilmes* Amenean AaiuJsy U, 69.

384 APPENDIX.

history of Vermont, had passed through seren
tions.*

X. BAVAGES OP THB EASTERN INDIANS.

In 1707, the frontiers suffered extremely. -Oyster
river, Exeter, Kingstown^ and Dover in Newhamp-
shire;, Berwick, York, Wells, Winterharbour, Ca&co,
and even Marlborough in Massachusetts, were /con-
siderably damaged. In 1710, Col. Walton with one
hundred and seventy men made an expedition to
Norridgewock, in tne beginning of winter. Tbe
chief of that place was taken and killed,t and many
more. The next year is rendered memorable by the

?jreat expedition against Caniada; memorable only
or its bad success, and the monstrous^ debt it brought
upon the Colonies. In 1713, a peace was conclu<^d
with France, in consequence of which the eastern
Indians desired peace with the colonies, ^hich was
accordingly brought about. J It was however of
short duration. In August 1717, it was renewed at
Arrowsike,§ but was broken within two years after,

* Hist. Vermont.

t His name was Arruhawikwabemt, "an active bold fellow,
and one of an undaunted spirit ; for, when he. was asked
several questions, he made no reply ; and when they threat-
enesd him with death, he laughed at it with cofltempt.'^ P«ii- '
hallow, 70. . .

t The delegates met at Portsmouth, N. H., 11 July, aad a
treaty was signed the 13. The articles are preserved entire
in Penhallow's History, 82-85.

§ Penhallow, page 90, relates a story concerning the abun-
dance of Ducks at this place, which, though we do not doubt
it, is certainly equally astonishing to mapy fish stories.
About three days after the renewal of the treaty, "a number
of Indians went a duck hunting, which was a season of the
year that the old ones generally shed their feathers in, amd
the young ones are not so well fludbed as to be able to % ;
they drove them like a flock of sheep before them into tqe
creeks, where without either powder or shot, they killed at
one time, four thousand land six hund|r<ed.?' The ||||gUsh
boiight for a i>cnny a dozen.

APPBIiDIX:. 325

i|Bd tT^ioas hcratilities conunitted. The goYerament,
in 1721, ordered a party of men to Norridgewock,
tbetr chief town, but on their approach, the Indians
all ied into the woods. One Sebastian Ralle, or
Rolle dwelt there, as a missionary among them, ami
wim supposed to have stirred up tjie Indians to hos-
tilities, as Castine formerly had. Nothing was effect-
ed by the expedition, except the bringing away of
some of Ralle's papers, by which it was discovered,
that he was instigator in the war. This was thought
by the Indians to be such an insult on the divme
agency, that they now made war their business. In
June, 1722, a large body struck a deadly blow oh
Merrymeeting bay, a village on an arm of the Win-
nipissaukee,^ where they took nine families.f Short-
ly after, at Passammaquaddy^ they took a vessel with
passengers, and burned Brunswick.

War was now declared on the part of the English,
and in February, Col. Westbrook with one hundred
and thirty men, ranged the coast with small vessels
as far as Mountdesert. >' On his return he sailed up
the Penobscot, and about thirtytwo miles above the
anchoring place, for the transports, discovered the
Indian Castle. . It was seventy feet long and fifty
broad. Within were twentythree well finished wig-
wams. Without was a handsome church, sixty feet
long imd thirty broad. There was also a commo-
dious house for their priest. But these were all de-
stroyed, and nothing more was accomplishBd by the
expedition, than the barbarous business of burning
this Indian village. ,

• ' ■ ■ ■ ■ .1 I .. II M ■ , — ,, I. 1 f , ,.

• There are mai\y ways used in writing this word, Dong-
lass, on the same page has it two ways ; and few early authors
write it alike, hut afl, or nearly all, seem to aim at the sound
which I have endeavoured to give it. And, as the inhahitants,
who dwell around this lake*, pronounce it so, I see no reason
^hy we should not Write it so ; especially, as it was the most
early way, and, no doubt, so called by the native^ themselves

t Most of these were afterward set at liberty. Pcahal-
lo#;'9l.

826 APPENDIX.

AAeiwards Captain Mou}ton went up with 6 parly
of men to Norridgewock, but the viilnge was de-
^rted. He was a biave and prudent man, and, pro-
bably, imagining that moderation and humanity
^oight excite the Indians to a more favourable con-
duct towards the English, he left their bouses imd
Church standing."

In April, 1723, eight persons were killed or taken
at Scarborough cmd Falmouth. '' Among the dead
was a Sergeant Chubb, whom the Indians imagining
to be Captain Harman, against whom they had con^
ceived the utmost malignity, fifteen aiming at him
at the same instant, lodged eleven buUeta in his
body.

Besides other mischiefs, the enemy, the summer
following, surprised Casco, with other harbours in
its vicinity, and captured sixteen or seventeen^ail of
fishing vessels. The vessels belonged to Massachu-
setts ; but Governour Philips of Novascotia, happen-
ing to be at Casco, ordered two sloops to be imme-
diately manned and dispatched in pursuit of the ene-
my. The sloops were commanded by John Eliot of
Boston, and John Robinson of cape Anne. As Eliot
was ranging the coast he discovered seven vessels in
Winepang harbour. He concealed his nien, except
four or five, and made directly for the harbour.
Coming nearly U^ to one of the vessels, on board of
which was about sixty Indians, in high expectation
of another fnrize, they hoisted their pendants and
cried out ' Strike English dogs and come aboard for
you are all prisoners.' Eliot answered that he would
make all the haste he could. As he made no attempts
to escape, the enemy soon suspected mischief, cut
their cable and attempted to gain the shore ; but im-
mediately boarding them he prevented their escape.
For about half an hour they made brave resistance,
but Eliot's hand grenadoes made such a havock
among theniy that at length, those who had not been
killed, took to the water, where they were jft feir

APPENDIX. 3^

vatixk for the English musketeers. Five only reached
the shore. Eliot received three bad wounds, had one
man killed and several wounded. He recovered
seven vessels, several hundred quintals of fish, and
fifteen captives. Many of the captives had been
sent away, and nine had been murdered in cold blood.
Robinson retook two vessels and killed several of
the enemy.

The loss of such a number of men determined the
enemy to seek revenge on the poor fishermen.
Twenty of these yet remained in their hands, at the
harbour of Malagash^ [where the remainder of the
vessels lay which they had taken from the English,
and were inaccessible to Captain Eliot.] These
were all destined to be sacrificed to the manes of the
idaughtered Indians. At the very time, that the pow-
awing and other ceremonies, attending such horri-
ble purposes, were just commencing, Captain Blin,
who sometime before had been a prisoner among
them, arrived off the harbour; and made the signal,
or sent in a token, which it had been agreed between
them, should be the sign of protection. Three !»•
dl^ns came aboard, and an agreement was made for
the ransom both of the ships and captives. These
were delivered and the ransom paid. Captain Blin
in his way to Boston, captivated a number of them,
near capp Sable ; and Captain Southack a number
more, which they brought on with them to Boston."

In September they made a descent on the island
of Arrowsike, where they burned the houses, killed
the cattle, and then retired to their head quarters at
Norridgewock. There was a garrison on the island
of about forty men, but their number was so small
compared with that of the enemy, that no sally was
made.

The beginning of the next year, 1724, was alto-
gether unfavourable to the English. People were
killed at Cape Porpoise, Black Point, and Berwick ;
also at Lamprey, and Oyster rivers, and Kingston^
in Newb?yiipshire.

•

"Captain Jesiah Winslow, who* had been station-
ed at the fort on St. George's riier, with part of his
company, had been surprised and cut off. He went
out from the fort with two whaleboats, fourteen white
men, and three Indians. It seems the enemy watch-
ed thdr motions, and on their return, suddenly sur-
rounded them, with thirty canoes, whose compliment
was not less than a hundred Indians. The English
attempted to land, but were intercepted, and nothing
remained but to sell their lives as dearly as possible.
They made a brave defence, but every Englishman
was killed. The three Indians escaped to report
their hapless fall. Flushed vrith these successes, the
enemy attempted still greater feats on the water,
Tliey took two shallops at the isles of shoals. They
then made seizures of other vessels in different har-
bours. Among others they took a large schoonet
carrying two swivel guns. This they manned and
cruised along the coast. It was imagined that a
small force would be able to conquer these raw sai-
lors. A sl^allop of sixteen, and a schooner of twenty
meur under Captains Jackson and Lakeman, were
armed and sent in pursuit of the enemy. They soon
canje up with tiiem, but raw as they were, they obli-
ged the English vessels to sheer off, and leave them
to pursue their own course, who took eleven vessels
and fortyfive men. Twentytwo they killed, and the
others they carried into captivity."

While these affairs were passing at sea, tlie inland
country suffered also. ** Mischief was done at Gro-
ton, Rutland, Northampton, and Dover. In all these
places more or less were killed, some wounded, and
others carried into captivity."

The scene is now to change. The English are
resolved to visit the Indians at their head quarters,
at Norridgewock. Accordingly, Captains Moulton,
Harman, and Bourne, with two hundred and eighty
men, arrived atTaconnoek, up the Kennebeck river,
the twentieth of August. Here they left their boats

APP£NDnC. 989

and foriy men to guard them^ an<i proceeded the
next day for Norridgewook. "In the evening they
discovered two women, the wife and. daughter of
Bomazeen, the famous warriour and chieftain of
Norridgewock. They fired upon them and killed his
ds^ughter, and then captivated his wife. By her they
obtained a good account of the state of the village.
*On the twenty third they came near it, and as they
imagined that part of the Indians would be in their
corn fields, at some distance, it was thought expedi-
ent to make a division of the army." Captain Har-
mw marched with eighty men ,into the fields. —
^' Moulton with the remainder marched directly for.
tlie village. About three o'clock it opened sudden-
ly upon them. The Indians were all in their wig-
ivams entirely secure. Moulton marched his men m
the profoundest silence, and ordered that not one of
them should fire at random, through the wigwams,
nor till they should receive the enemy's fire ; as he
expected they would come out in a panic and over-
shoot them. At length an Indian stepping out, dis-
covered the English close upon them. He instantly
gave the war hoop, and sixty warriours rushed out to
meet them. The Indians fired hastily without in-
juring a man. The English returned the fire with
great effect, and the Indians instantl}r fled to the riv-
er. Some jumped into their canoes, others into the
river, which the tallest of them were able to ford.
Moulton closely pursuing them, drove ihem from
their canoes, and killed them in the river, so that it
was judged, that not more* than fifty of the whole vil-
lage reached the opposite shore. Some of these
were shot before they reached the woods.

The English then returning to the villi^e, found
father RalTe, the Jesuit, firing from one of the wig-
wams on a small number of men who had not been
in the pursuit of the enemy. One of these he wound-
ed J in consequence of which, one Lieutenant Ja-

28*

q«ms hmsi the ddc^r a^ ^K>t Mm iSxam^ tim ke^d^
Cftptain Mou!ton bad given orders act to -kill him.
Jaqoes excused himself, affirming^ that Ralla was
loading his piece, and refused to give or take quar-
ter. With the English there were three Mohawks.
Mogg,* a famous Indian warriour firing from a wjg-
wam killed one of them. His brother in a rage Sew
to the wigwam, burst the door, and instantly killed
Mogg. The English followed in a rage and killed
his squaw and two helpless children." After the ac-
tion Harman a^f rived and they all lodged in the vil-
lage. " In the morning they found twentysix dead
bodies, besides that of the Jesuit. Among tte dead
were Bomazeen,Mogg, Wissememet, and Bomazeen^d
son in law, all famous warriours.'*f

T^e inhumanity of the English to the women and
children cannot be excused. It greatly eclipses the
lustre of the victory.f

The Norridgewocks were now broken down, and
they never made any figure afterwards.^

XL — lovewell's fight.

PerhAps the celebrated story of "Lovewell's
Fight," cannot be given, tainterest the present age»
better than in the language of the old song, composed
just afler it happened. It is a simple smd true na?^
rative of the affair.

1 Of worthy Captaio Love well, || I purpose now to sing.
How vahantly he served his country and his King ',

• In Philip's War there was a chief by this name. Mr»
Hubbard called him " Mug Uie rogue.''

t " The number in alV that were killed [of the enemy] was
supposed to be eighty." Penhallow, 108.

J " It may," says Fenha^low, ib. " be as noble an exj^oit,
/all things considered) as ever happend in the time of King
PhiUp,"

§ The above article is taken from Dr. Trumbull's Hist. U-
S. Chap. IX.

h Captain John Lovewell lived in Dunstable^ Newbam^

APPENDIX. SSt

He Atid bid Taliaiit^oldiera^^id rtiMt th^ woDillUliivide,;
And hafdships they endured to quell the Indiftiiif pride.

ft 'Twit nigh nnto Pi|wacket»* on the eighth day of May^t
They spied k rebel Indian twh aft^r htet\ hfWf;
He on a bank was Walking, ttptm % neck of h.^,
Which leads into a pondf as we're niAde to undmtand.

S QfurmeaMtolv'd to have luoi and tri^vell'dtWtt Mies ronnd^
Until thev met the Indian, who boldly stood his ground ;
Then spake up Captain Lovewell, <<Take you good heed,''

say^ he,
'« This rogue is to decoy ns, I r^ety plamly see.f

4 " The Indians lie in ambush, in some place nigh at h^nd,
" In order to surround us upon this neck of land ;

<< Therefore we'll march in order, and each man leave his

pack,|| V

"Thit we taay briskly fight than when they mak^e their

attack."

5 They came unto this Indian^ who did them thus defy,
As soon as they came nigh him, two guns he did let fly,1f

sMre, then Massachusetts. <* He was a son of Zacheus Love-
well, an Ensign in the army of Oliver Cromwell, who came
to this country and settled at Dunstable, where he died at
the age of one hundred and twenty years, the oldest white
man who ever died in the state of Newfaampshire." Far-
jB«r and Moore's Col. Ill, 64.

* Situated on the upper nart of the river Sa«o, then 50
mUes from any white settlement. Ib^ I, S7« It is in the "
present town of Fryeburg, Maine.

t-They set out from Dunstable about^ the 16 April, 17^5.
Symmes' narrative, in Farmer and Moore's CqL I, S7.

X Called Saco pond. Some call this Lovewell's pond, but
Lovewell's pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before,
captured a company of Indians, who were 'On their way to
attack some of the frontier towns.

§ This Indian was out a hunting, and probably had no
knowledge of the English, having two ducks in his hand, and
his guhs loaded with beaver shot. Symm^ and Belknap.

I The Indians finding their packs, learned their number,
and placed themselves to surround them, when they return-
ed.

IT It aj^ears from Mr. Symmes, that the Engttsh saw the
Indian coming, and secret^ themselves, firing at him first*

332 APPBU^DIX.

Which w^anded Captain Loyewe)), and likewise one man

more,* fgore.f

But when this rogue was runniDg, tbey kid him m'his

• . • .

9 Then having scalp'd the Indian, they went baclc to the spot.
Where, they had laijd their packs down, but there tney

found them not,
For the Indians haying spy'd them, when they them down
did lay,
' Did sejjpe them for their plunder, and carry them aifTay.

7 These rebels lay in ambush, this very place hard by,
$0 that an English soldier did one of them espy.

And cried out ** Here's an Indian,** with that they started

out, '

As fiercely as old lions, and hideously did $hout.

8 With that our valiant English, all gave a loud huzza.
To shevr the rebel Indians they fear'd them not a straw:
So now the .fight began, and as fiercely as could be.

The Indians ran up to them, but soon were forc'd to flee4

9 Then spake up Captain Lovewell, when first the fight be-

gan,
^' Fight on my valiant heroes ! you see they fall like rain."
For as we are inform'd, the Indians were so thick,
A man could scarcely fire a gun and not some of them hit.

10 Then did the rebels try their best our soldiers to surround.
But they could nc^ accomplish it, because there was a pond.
To which our men retreated and covered all the rear,§
The rogues wer^forc'd to flee them, althoV they skulk'd

for fear.

■ I I I ■ *— i— P^ 11 II II ■ I MM— — ^■■l*»——l II 111 M I — ■ I 111! ■ ■ — I ■! ■■ 11 ■ I ,1 . , gtl^l^^m

He then, having two guns, discharged both, and wounded
the Captain mortally.

* Samuel Whiting.

t Ensign Wyman shot him, and Mr. Frye, the chaplain,
and another, scalped him. Symmes.

X Both parties advanced with their guns presented, and
when they came within " a few yards," they fired on both
sides. '< The Indians fell in considerable numbers, but the
English, most, if not all of them, escaped the first shot." lb.
Then advancing within twice the length of their guns, slew
nine. Penhallow.

§ Twelve were killed and wounded before they retreated
to the pond. There was a small bank, which served them

APPENDIX. 333

It Two logs there were behind them, that clo^ together lay,
Without being discovered, they could not eet away ;
Therefore our valiant English, they travelT'd in a row.
And at a handsome distance as they were wont to go.

13 'Twas 10 o^clock in the morning, when first the fight began,
And fiercely did continue untilthe setting sun ;
Excepting that the Indians, some hours before 'twas night.
Drew offinto the bushes and ceased awhile to fight.*

13 But soon again returned, in fierce and furious mood.
Shouting as in the morning, but yet not half so loud ;
For as we are informed, so thick and fast they fell.
Scarce twenty of their number, at night did get home well.f

14 And that our valiant English, till midnight there did stay.
To see whether the rebels would have another fray ;

But they no more returning, they made off towards their

home, [come.t

An4 brought away their wounded as far as they could

15 Of all our valiant English, there were but thirtyfour,
And of the rebel Indians, there were about fourscore.
And sixteen of our English did safely home return,

The rest were killed and wounded, for which we all must

mourn. § '

■ ■■ • ■ ' - - - • • — > ■ ■ ■ —

as a breastwork, and, perhaps, saved them from an immediate
defeat. This is the more probable, as but few were killed
afterward. lb.

• They probably drew off to take care of the wounded.
Symmes nor PenhaUow makes no mention that they return-
ed again to the fight, after they drew. off.

t Forty were said to be killed upon the spot, and eighteen
more died of their wounds. PenhaUow.

I Solomon Keyes, after receiving three wounds, crawled
along the shore of the pond, where he chanced to find an old
canoe, into which he rolled himself, and the wind wafted
him on several miles toward the fort, which he reached in
safety. He felt his end approaching, when he was in the
boat, into which he had crawled, only to die in peace, and to
escape the scalping knife, but wonderfully revived. Symmes^

§ Eight were left in the woods, whose wounds were so bad
that they could not travel, of whom two only returned. One
ran away in the beginning of the fight.

384 APMiNDrX.

16 Our WOT^T Ca^ain Lovewett among them there did die.
They killed Lt. Robins,* and wounded good young Ffjreyf
Who was our English chaplain ; he many Indians stew,
And some of them he scalp'd when bullets round him flow,

17 Young Fullam:( too PH mention, because he fought so weB,
Endeavouring to save a man, a sacrifice he fell ;

But yet our valiant Englishmen in fight were ne*er dis-

mav'd, [made,

But still they kept their motion, and Wyman's§ Captain

IS Who shot the old chief Paugus,t| which did the fbe def^at>
Then set his men in order, and brought off the retreat ;
And braving many dangers and hardships in the way,
They safe arrivM at Dunstable, the thirteenth day of

May.f

In the beginning of the war, one hundred pounds
were offered by the government for every Indian
scalp. Captain Lovewell and his company in aboat

• He belonged to Chelmesford. Being mortally wounded,
desired to have two guns charged, and left with him, which
they did. He said, " As the Indians will come in the morn-
ing to scalp me, I will kill one more of them if I can.'* lb.

^ + He fell about the middfe of the afternoon. Ha was th€
only son of Capt. James Frye of Andover, graduated at Har-
vard coUege in 17 SS, and was chaplain of the company. lb.

J Only son of Maior Fullam of Weston, was sergeant of
the company, and fell in the beginning of the fight, ib.

§ Ensign Seth Wyman of Woburn. He was presented
with a sinrer hilted sword for his good conduct, and commis^
sioned Captain. He died soon after.

It Many of LoveWell's men knew Pauffus personally. A
huge bear's skin formed a part of his dress. From Blr.
Symmes' account, it appears that John Chamberlain killed
hrai. They had spoken together some time in the fight,
and afterward both happened to go to the pond to wa3h out
their guns, which were rendered useless by so fre^^uent
firing. Here the challange was given by Paucus, '* It isyoa
or I." As soon as the guns were prepared tney fired, and
Paugus fell.

IT Wjrman and three others did not arrive until the 1Mb,
but the main body^ consisting of twelve, arrived the 19th.

three moBt s made twelve huBdf ed poimds. This
stimulated them to attack the Tillage of Pigwocket,
where, if successful, they considered their fortunes
sure. It was a heavy loss to the country, but this
nearly finished the war. The Indians tbrmed no
considerable body in these, parts sditerward. Along
and happy peace followed.

-The aboire song is taken from the valuable Historir
cal Collections of Farmer and Moore.

I cannot refiise the beautiful lines of Mr. Thomas
C- Upham, "a N. Hampshire poet," a place in thia
w«rk. They were occasioned by a visit to the plafie
of Lovewell's Fight.*

AJb! where are the soldiers that fought here of yore?
The sod is upon them, they'll struggle no more. .
The hatchet is fallen, the red man is low ;
BiA Bear him reposes the arm of his foe.

The bugle ia silent, the warhoop is dead j
There's a murmur of waters and woods m their stead -,
And the raven and owl chant a symphony drear,
Prom the dark waving pines o'er the combatant's bier.

The light of the sun has just sunk in the wave,
And aToBg time ago sat the sun of the brave.
The waters complain, as they roll o'er the stones.
And the rank grass encircles a few scatter'd bones.^

The names of the fallen the traveller leaves

Cut out with his knife in the bark of the trees,

Bat little avail his affectionate arts,

For tlfte names of the faUen are graved in our hearts.

The voice of the hunter is loud on the breeze,
There's a dashing of waters, a rustling of trees ;
But the jangling of armour hath all pass'd away,
Hix^ufiliing of lifeblood is here seen to day.

The eye that was sparklingj no longer is bright,
The arm of the mighty, death conquered its mighty

/ Taken firom Farmer and Moore's Col. I» 39r

336 APFENDIX.

The bosoms thai once for their country beat high, ^

To those bosoms the sods of the Yallejr are nigh. «

Sleep, soldiers of merit, sleep, gallants of yoroj . .

The hatchet is fallen, the struggle is o'er.
While the fir tree is green and the wind rolls a wave,
The tear drop shall brighten.the turf oi the brave.

Xn. ANECDOTES, NARBATIVES, &C., OF THE IN-
DIANS.

1. Among the first settlers of Brunswick, Maine,
was Daniel Malcolm, a man of undaunted courage,
and an inveterate enemy of the Indians, who gave
him the name of Sungurnumby, that is, a very strong
man. Early in the spring, he ventured alone into
the forest for the purpose of splitting rails from the
spruce, not apprehensive of Indians so -early in the
season. Whik engaged in his work, and having
opened a log with small wedges about half its length,
he was surprised by Indians, who crept up ahd se-
cured his musket, standing by his side. " Sungur-
numby," said the chief, " now me got you ; long me
want you ; you long speak Indian, long time worry
him ; me have got you now ; look up stream to Ca-
nada." — "Well," said Malcolm, with true $angfroidi
" you have me ; but just help me open this log be-
fore I go." They all (fivi6 in number) agfeed. Mal-
colm prepared a large wooden wedge, carefully
drove it, took out his small wedges, and told the In-
dians to put in their fingers to the partially cleftied
wood, and help pull it open. They did ; he then sud-
denly struck out his blunt wedge, and the elastick
. wood instantly closed fast on their fingers, and he
secured tliem.*

2. Origin €f the name of a bridge in SaUAury
JV. H., known by the name of " Indian Bridge." —
In the f|^ll of the year 1 753, two Indijans-, named Ssa-

I » 1 1 > 1. 1

* Farmer and Moore, III, 103.

APPENDIX. 337

batis aadPlatisawa, came into Canterbury with fiiM.
They here met two men from Newbury, wTiom they
knew, but were not pleased at seeing them, and be-
gan to make off. Sabatis seemed disposed t<> <k»
mischief, but was prevented by Plausawa. The two
Englishmen offered to buy their furs. They refused,
and said they would not sell furs to the English, but
would go to Canada; but afterward they offered to
trade for rum. • They had rum, but would not sell
it to them, thinking that they were ill disposed. As
they were about to. leave the Indians, one of them,
Plausawa, appeared friendly, and advised them to
avoid meeting with Iqdians. When they had gone
a little distemce from the Indians, Sabatis called

. them, and said, " No more you English come here ;
me heart bad ; me kill you." One of the English

^ replied, " No kill — English and Indians now all
brothers." As they left the Indians, they met one
Peter Bowen going toward them. They told him of
the temper the Indians had showed, and tried to dis-
suade him. He replied, that he was not afraid of
them ; that be was acquainted with Indians and knew

- how to deal with themt The Indians had got into
their canoe, and were going up the river, when Bow-
en caUed to them, and invited them to go to his
house, and stay all night ; and that he would give
them some rum. They went with him to his house,
which was in Contoocook. The night was spent in
a drunken Ifolick, in which Bowen did not fail to
act his part; being much accustomed to their modes
of life. In the midst of the frolick, Bowen took the
caution to unload their guns. The next morning he
took his horse to convey their packs to their boats.
As they were goings Sabatis proposed to Bowen ta

rem with his horse*. A race being agreed upon and
performed, in which Sabatis beat Bowen on horse-
back^ €^ which he was much pleased, and laughed
heartily. Aft^r proceeding along a little further,

338 APPENDIX.

Sftbatis said to him, " Bo-.ven walk woods," meaning
that Bowen was his prisoner. Bowen said, "No
walk woods, all one brothers." Another race soon
followed, in which Sabatis fell in the rear, and Bow^
en^hearing a gun snap, looked round and saw a fla3h
from Sabatis' gun, which was pointed at him. He*
lorned back and laid him dead with a btow of liis
tomahawk. Plausawa was farther behind, and as
Bow^'came toward him, he leveled his gun and it
snapped also ; he then fell on his knees and begged
for his life, but Bowen knew he shcHild be in danger
so long as the friend of Sabatis lived, so he despatch-
ed him in like manner. He then hid the bodies un-
der a bridge, which were found the next spring and
buried. From- this affair is the name of Indian
Bridge derived.*

3. Origin of the peopling of JVantticket by the In-
dians. It is told tha> in a remote period of antiqui-
ty, an eagle made a descent on some part of the
coast of what is now Newengland, and carried otF a
young Indian in his talons. The weeping parents
made bitter lamentations, and with eager eyes saw
their child borne out of sight, over the trackless
deep. They resolved to follow in the same direc-
tion. Accordingly they set out in their canoes, and
after a perilous passage descried the island. They
landed and after much search found the bones of
the child.

4. An anecdote of the colony of Sagadehock.
" The Norridgewock Indians have this tradition ;

that this company engaged a number of Indians, who
had come to trade with them, to draw a cannon, by
a long rope ; that tlie moment they were ranged in
a strait line, the white people discharged the piecJe,
which killed and wounded a number; Their story is,
that the indignation of the natives for this barba-

* Ibid. Ill, 27.

APPENDIX. 339

reus treachery, compelled the company to embark
to save their own lives."*

5. ".^ letter from Kino Philip to Oommour
Prince, copied from the original, which belongs to
Mr. White, of Plymouth. The words are spelt as in
th^ original letter."

King Philip desire to let you understand that h«
could not come to the court, for Tom, his interpreter
has a pain in his back, that he could not travil so
far, and Philip sister is very sick.

Philip would intreat that favor, of you, and aney
of the majestrates, if aney English or Engians speak
about aney land, he preay you to give them no an-
swer at all. This last sumer he made that promis
with you, that he would not sell no land in 7 yeara
time, for that he w^ould have no English trouble him
before that time, he has not forgot that you promis
him.

He will come a sune as posible he can to speak
with you, and so I rest, your verey loveing friendi
Philip, dwelling at mount hope nek
To the much honered

Governer, Mr. Thomas Prince,
dwelling at Plymouth.f

6. SingularUy of the Indian language. Thus the
word Nummatchekodtantamooonganunnonash signi-
fies no more in English, than our I'usts; and Noo-
womantammooonkanunonnash no more ihnnour loves.
A yet longer word (if so such an. assemblage of let-
ters may be called) Kummogkodonattoottummooeti-
teaongannunnonash is to express only our question.^

. 7. A proof of King Philip's humanity. The ances-
ter of Col. B. Cole, of Warren, Rhodeisland, came
to this country and settled at Tuisaet.^ He in tiriie

* Morse and Parish's Hist. N, Eng. 17.

t Mass. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 40. The Editor writes at the
bottom of the letter, " There is no date to the letter, it was
probably written about 1660 or 1670."

J See Magnalia, I, 507.

§ 4 »P^k of land on the cast side of Keekamuit river.

340 APPENDIX.

became acqainted with Philip, and always lived m
habits of friendship with him. In June 1675, Miiltp
informed him that his young men were very eager to
go to war against the English ; bat when he cotrfd
no longer restrain them he would let him know. Ac-^
cordingly.on an evening previous to the fetal 24j
canoes arrived from Mounthope with advise from
Philip, that Mr. Cole and family must go over to R.
I., as his people would begin the war. They em-
barked, and the next morning their dwellings were
burned. Coh B. Cole, is of the fourth generation.*

8. An Indian Snare. To take large animals they
sometimes built two extensive fences, perhaps a mile
apart at one extremity, and at the other nearly meet-
ing, forming an angle, generally, something less than
a right one. At this point or opening they contrived
to bend down a tree oi sufficient strength to suspend
the largest animals. " An English mare having once
strayed away, was caught, and like Mahomet's fabled
coffin, raised between the heavens and earth, in one
of these snares. The Indians arriving, and seeing
her struggling on the tree, ran immediately, and in-
formed the English that their squaw horse was hang-
ing on a tree."f

9. Anecdote of Massassoit. " Mr. Winslow,f com-
ing in his bark from Connecticut to Narragenset,—
and he left her there, — and intending to return by
land, he went to Osamekin the sagamore, [Massas-
soit] his old ally, wJio offered to conduct him home
to Plimouth. But, before they took their journey,
Osamekin sent one of his men to Plimouth to tell
them that Mr. Winslow was dead ; and directed him
to show how and where he was killed. Whereupon
there was much fear and sorrow at Plimouth. The
next day, when Osamekin brought him home, they

* Oral account of Col. Cole.

t Morse and Parish's N. Eng. 222,

if Mr, Edward Winslow. >•

APPENDIX. 341

asked him why he sent such word, &c. He answer-
ed, that it was their manner tp do so, that they m^ht
he more welcome when they came home."* This
was in 1634^

10. Singular descriptions. Dr. Mather says there
jfeU into his hands the manuscript of a Jesuit, em-
ployed by the French to instruct the Iroquois In-
dians in religion.; in which was ^^ one chapter about
Heaven^ and another about Hetty wherein are such
thick skuUed passages as these." ^' ' Q. Haw is the
SQt/l made in Hea/ven9 A. Tis a very fair soyl, they
want neither for meats nor clothes : 'tis but wishing
and we have them. Q. wire they employed in Heav-
^n ? A. No ; they do nothing ; the fields yield corn,
beans, pumpkins, and the like without any tillage." '
After a few others that amount to no more or less, it
proceeds thus in the examination of Hell. "*.Q.
What sort of soyl is that of heU ? A. A very
wretched soyl ; 'tis a jiery pit, in the centre of the
9arth. Q. Have they any light in hell? A. No.
*Tis always dark ; there is always smoke there ; their
eyes are always in pain with it ; they can see noth-
ing but the devils. Q. TJliat shaped things are the
devils ? A. Very ill shaped things ; they go about
with vizards on, and they terrify men. Q. fVhat
do they eat in hell ? A. They are always hungry,
but the damned feed on hot ashes and serpenls there.
^, What water have tJiey to drirjik ? A. Horid wa-
ter, nothing but meUed had. Q. Don't they die in heU?
A . No : yet they eat one another, every day ; but
anon, God restoree and renews the man that was eat-
en, as a eropt plant in jsl little time repullulates.' "
** It seems they have not thought this divinity too
gross for the barbarians. But I shall make no re^
Sections on it."f

* Winthrop's Hist. N.' Eng. I, 188, 139. ' """

t S€C Magnalia, I, 521, 522.

29*

0« APPENDIX.

XIIL HASSACEE OF TUB CONESTOGQE INDIANS IN

PENNSYLVANIA.

An almost uninterrupted friendship seems to havo

existed between the Indians and the inhabitsuits of

Pennsylvania, until, the year 1754. At this period

< the French had stirred up the Indidus in the back

eountry, and an Indian war commenced.

About ten years after that, when " many," says
Mr. Proud, " who had been continually flocking into
the province, in later years, having from their inex-
perience and ignorance, too despicable an opinion
of that people, and treating them accordingly, were
by this conduct foolishly enraged against the whole
species indiscriminately ; insomuch, that in the lat-
ter part of the year 17(33, calling to their aid the
madness of the wildest enthusiasm, with which, un-
der pretence of religion, certain most furious zealots
among the preachers of a numerous sect, in the pro-
vince, could inspire their hearers, to cover their bar-
barity, a number of, not improperly named, a/rmed
demi-aavages, inhabitants of Lancaster county, prin-
cipally from the townships of Paxtangafid Donnegal^
and their neighbourhood, committed the most horri-
ble massacre, that ever was heard of in this, or per-
haps, any other province, with inpunity I and under
the notion of extirpating the heathen from the earth,
as Joshua did of old, that these saints might possess
the land alone," &c. Thus begins the narrative.

" 'These Indians were the remains of a tribe of the
Six Nations, settled at Conestogoe, and thence call-
ed Conestogoe Indians. Oa the first arrival of the
English in Pennsylvania, messengers from this tribe
came to wehiome them, with presents of venison,
corn and skins ; and the whole tribe entered into a
treaty of friendship with the first Proprietary, WiUi-
iam Penn ; which was to last as Img as the sun
should shine, orJJie toaters run in the rivers.

APPENDIX. a4S

This treaty has been since frequently renewed, and
the chemi brightened, a« they express it, from^ime to
time; It has never been violated on their part, or
ours, tillnow. As their lands, by degrees, were
mostly purchased, and the settlement of the vrhite
people began to isurround them, the Proprietor as^
signed them lands on the manor of Conestogoe,
which they might not part with ; there they have
Kved many years, in friendship with their white
neighbours, who loved them for their peaceable, in-
c^nsive behaviour.

It has always been observed, that Indians, settled
in the neighbourhood of white people, do not increase,
but diminish Continually. This tribe accordingly
went on diminishing, till there remained in their
4oWii, on the martor, but twenty persons, namely,
seven men, five women, and eight children, boy$ and
giris.

Of thes6, Shehaes was a very old man, having as-
sisted at the second treaty, held with them by Mr.
Penn, in 1701 ; and ever since continued a faithful
iHepd to the English ; he is said to have been an ex-
ceeding good man, considering his education, being
naturany of a most kind, benevolent temper.

This little society continued the custom they had
begun, whert more numerous, of addressing every
new Govemour, and every descendant of the first
Proprietary, welcoming him to tlie province, assur-
ing him of their fidelity, vnd praying a continuance
of that favour and protection, wliich they had hither-
to experienced. Tliey had accordingly sent up an
address of this kind to our presciit Governour (John
Pfenti, Esquire) on his arrival; but the same was
scarce delivered when the unfortunate catastrophe
happened which we are about to relate.

On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, fif-
tyieven men from some of our fi-ontier townships,
who had projected the destruction of this little com-
monwealth came all well mounted, and armed with

344 APPENDIX.

firelocks, hangers and hatchets, having travelled
through the country in the night to Conestogoe ma-
nor. There they surrounded the «mall village of In7
dian huts, and just at break of day, broke in upon
them all at once. Only three men, two women, and
a young boy were found at home ; the rest bein^
out among the neighbouring white people ; some to
sell their baskets, brooms and bowls, they manu&c*
lured, and others, on other occasions. These poor
defenceless creatures were immediately fired upon^
stabbed and hatcheted to death ! The good obe-
haes, among the rest, cut to pieces in his bed ! All
of them were scalped, and otherwise horribly mang-
led. Then their huts were set on fire, and most of
them burned down. /. '

The Magistrates of Lancaster sent out to collect
the remaining Indians, brought them into the town,
for their better security against any further attempt \
and, it is said, condoled with them on the misfortune,
that had happened, took them by the hand, and
promised themprotediion.

They were put into the workhouse, a strong build^
ing, as the place of greatest safety.

These cruel men again assembled themselves ^
and hearing that the remaining fourteen Indian^
were in the workhouse at Lancaster, they suddenly
appeared before that town, on the twentyseventh of
December. Fifty of them armed as before ; dis-
mounting, went directly to the workhouse, and by
violence broke open the door, and entered with the
utmost fury in their countenances. When the. poor
wretches saw they hnd no protection nigh, nor could
possibly escape, and being without the least wea-
pon of defence, they divided their little families, the
children clinging to their parents ; tliey fell on iheir
faces, protested their innocence, declared therr
love to the English, apd tliat, in their whole liires,
they had never done them injury ; and in this pos-
ture.^they all reoeivcd the hatchet! Men, womoB

APPENDIX. 346

and cbildreDy were every one inhumanly murdered
in cold blood !

The barbarous men, who committed the attrocious
fact, in defiance of government, of all laws, human
and divine, and, to the eternal disgrace of their coun-
try and colour, then mounted their horses, huzzaed
to triumph*, as if they had gained a victory, and rode
off unmolested !

The bodies of the murdered were then brought
out,, and exposed in the street, till a hole could be
made in the earth, to receive and cover them. But
the wickedness cannot be covered, and the guilt will
lie on the whole land, till justice is done on the mur"
4erers. The hlaod of the innocent toiH cry to heaven
for vengeance.

Notwithstanding the proclamations and endea-
vours of the Governour on the occasion, the murder-
ers having given out such threatenings against those
that disapproved their proceedings, that the whole
country seems to be in terror, and no one durst
speak what he knows ; even the letters from thence
are unsigned, in which any dislike is expressed of
the rioters."*

Mr. Proud* adds to the above narrative, that, " So
fer had the infection spread, which caused this ac-
tion, and so much had fear seized the minds of the
people, or perhaps both, that neither the printer nor
the writer of this publication, though supposed to be
as nearly connected as Franklin and Hall were at
that time, and men of the first character in their way,
did not insert either their names, or places of abode,
in it ! It was printed while the insurgents were pre-
paring to advance towards Philadelphia ; or on their

way thither ; it appeared to have some effect, in pre-
* ' ■ > • ■ ■ ■

^ See his Hut^ Penm^lvaBia, I, 9^ to 828. [I would re-
■uii4 the reader, that n» comparison should have been made,
ia note 3, to paffe 147, between the treatment of the Indians
in Newengland, and Pennsylvania ; for Mr. Makin wrote
Before any mutetial difficulties had occurred in that pro-
▼iiice,J .

34« APPfiNDtX.

venting the threatened consequences, by exciting an
exertion of endeavours, in the citizens, for that pur-
pose ; and being a relation of real 'facts, though writ
in a hurry, it was never answered or contradicted.^'

XV.—- TROUBLES WITH THE INDIANS IN THE LATE WAS

WITH ENGLAND.

Before the declaration of war took place between
America and Great Britain,, the Indians along the
frontiers, very much alarmed the inhabitants by their
hostile appearance.

The famous Indian warriour, Tecumseh, had been
known for his enmity to civilization, and utter aver*
aion to the white people, from the time of Harmer'd
defeat; and, like the celebrated Philip, had extend-
ed his endeavours, far and wide, among the various
tribes of his countrymen, to unite them in making
war on the Americans. His eloquence was irresista-
ble, and his success was great. * It is sufficient to
observe, that the English had early engaged him id
their cause. Much was also imposed on the credu-
lity of those people by a brother of Tecumseh, who
professed the spiri^t of pvophecy, and the art of con-
juration ; in the exercise of which, much was effectr
ed. He was known by the name of " The Prophet.'^

In 1811, Governour Harrison of Indiana, met a
large number of chiefs at Vincennes, to confer about
the state of affairs. Tecumseh appeared there, to
remonstrate against the sale of certain lands, made
by the Kickapoos and others. In a speech of greiat
eloquence, he urged the wrongs of his countrymen,
by the encroachments of the whites, of which he
gave a faithful history. In the Governour's answer,
he advanced something which Tecumseh thought, pr
perhaps knew to be wrong. At which he raised bis
tomahawk, and twenty or tliirty others followed his
example. But Harrison had taken the precaution to
have a sufficient force .at hand, which prevented any
acts of violence. This broke pp the conference, and
war was soon expected to follow.

APPENDIX. 347

Battle of Tippecanoe. Toward the latter end of
die year 1811, the appearance of the Indians was so
aiarnaing, that Gov. Harrison, with an army of about
2000 men, marched into the Indian country. On
arriving within a mile of the Prophet's town, they
Were met by a number of chiefs, who sued for peace,
. <^ begged for their lives. Harrison demanded the
plunder taken ftonx the Americans. It being near
night, 6 November, they requested the army to
encamp, and in the morning, they would accede to
his proposals. The^htrigue was mistrusted, and the
Goveaiour drew up his army in order of battle, and
encamped for the night. About four o'clock their
camp was attacked with great impetuosity, and the
battle was for some time doubtful and bloody. But
at length, the Indians were overpowered, and the
victory was complete. About 300 of their war-
riouis strewed the ground of battle. The behaviour
of th^ Americans, many of whom had never seen
an engagement before, cannot be too much applaud-
ed. When the battle began, each to6k his post
without noise, and with calmness. Their loss in
valuable ofBeers was severe : They were these ; kill-
ed. Col. Abraham Owens, the Govemour's aid ; Col.
Joseph H. Davies, a very eminent lawyer; Col.
White, Capt. Warrick, Capt. Spencer, Lieut. Mc-
Mahon, Lieut. Berry, and Capt. Bean.
_An Expedition against the Western Indians. —
For the purpose of driving the hostile Indians out
of the limits of the U. States, an expedition was
On foot early in October, consisting of 4000 men un-
der Gen. Hopkins. After relieving fort Harrison,
above mentioned, he crossed the Wabash and en-
camped but few miles distant. Here discontents
► were discovered among the soldiers, which very soon
• broke out into open disobedience of orders. This
great army was composed of raw militia, of which lit-
wecould be expected ; and, but for the assistance af-
***ted fort Harrison^the expedition would have been^

848 APPENDIX.

rendered entirely abortive. A certatil Major rade
up to the General, and with great authority of ex-
pression, commanded him to return. Seeing the
state of his men, the General told them, that if 500
would accompany him, he would proceed in quest
of the enemy ; but not a man would tarn out. He
then requested them to let him have the direction
fc^ a single day ; to which they assented. He then
put himself at their head, and ordered them to
march; but they filed off in a contrary direction,
and marched off to fort Harrisop; and the General
followed in the rear. At their encampment, in a
great prairie beyond the Wabash, the grass was dis-
covered to be on firie, and driven by a fierce wind
directly toward their camp. This was an Indian
trap. But the Americans set fire to the grass aboot
them, and were thereby delivered from a formidabte
onset by the flames. The same oflicer> afterward
performed a successful expedition against the In-
dians.

Affair of the river Raisin. Out of sympathy for
the mhabitants of Frenchtown, who were threatened
with an Indian massacre, an imprudent step was
taken by the Americans. Gen. Winchester had ta-
ken post at the rapids, when he received a pressing
request from those inhabitants, for bis prdtecti<MK
Accordingly, he despatched CoL Lewie with 300
men for their relief. On his ai'rival, he found the
Indians already in possession of the place, but be at-
tacked them in their works, and drove them firom the
place, and encamped on the same ground. Two
days after, 20 December, Gen. Winchester airived
with the main army. Their force now consisted of
760 men. These operations went on without the
knowledge of Gen. Harrison, the commander in chiei^
whose knowledge of the situation of the country,
convinced him of their extreme dancer. French-
town is situated only 20 mttes from Maiden,, a strong
BritiBh post, of a superiour force to ttie Anmioamf

APPENDIX. 349

axMi the intervening waters were covered with solid
ice. It was also 70 miles from any American
-place, from whence they could expect supplies.
Their situation did not escape the notice of the Brit-
ish. Col. Proctor, with 600 English and above
1000 Indians under the two Indian chiefs, Splitlog
and Roundhead, appeared before their camp at day
break, on the 22 January, 1813, and inunediately
began the attack. The Americans' works not being
hu^ge enough to contain their small force, 150 were
posted without. The numbers of the enemy enabled
him to dispose of his force, as to cut olSf all means of
retreat. The attack was first made o|i those without
the fort, who were soon forced to give way. They
fled across the river, and were pursued by the ene-
my, and cut to pieces. One hundred men, in two
companies, left the work^, and went over to their as-
sistance, and shared the same horrid fate. General
Winchester and Col. Lewis, in some manceuvre,^ were
taken prisoners. The little army now in possession
of the pickets, maintained the unequal fight until 1 1
of the clock, when Gen. Winchester capitulated for
them. It was particularly stipulated that tlie wound-
ed should be protected from the savages. The
army still consisted of upwards of 500 men, and not
until a flag had passed three times would they con-
sent to surrender. But knowing their situation
to be desperate, they consented under assurance
from the British officer, that their lives and proper-
ties should be protected. We shall now see, with
what faith the semi barbarian. Proctor, acted. No
sooner had this brave band submitted, than they^w
what was to follow. The tom^awk and scalping
knife were indiscriminately employed among the
dead and wounded; officer's side arms were wrest-
^ fr<»n them, and many stript and robbed. About
60 wounded Americans strewed the battle ground,
wjio, by the kindness of the inhabitants were remov-

^f^ into lM>use9. But horrid to tell, Uie next day, a

^ 30

350 APPENDIX.

body of those savages were pennitted to return, and
after scalping and murdering to their content, set
fire to the town, and all were buried beneath the
conflagration, except a few that could travel, who
were marched into the wilderness.

Defence of fort Meigs. General Harrison had
established his head quarters at Franklintown, previ-
ous to the battle of the river Raisin, for the greater
facility of transmitting orders, &c., to the different
posts. After that aflair took place, he concentrated
his forces, consisting of 1200 men, at the Rapids,
and there threw up a fort, which, in honour of the
Governour of Ohio, was called fort Meigs. The ene-
my made their appearance about the 28 April, and
soon after, began to construct batteries on the op-
posite side of the river. But in this business they
proceeded slowly, from the annoyance of fort Meigs,
and were obliged to perform their labours in the
night. They at length succeeded in erecting two
batteries of heavy cannon, and a mortar. These be-
gan furiously to play upon the American works, but
were several times silenced. Proctor sent an inso-
lent summons to Harrison, to surrender ; he returned
an answer according as it merited. The siege was
continued, and the Indians from the tops of the trees
fired into the fort and killed several men. ^ General
Harrison now received information, that two regi-
ments from Ohio, which were expected, were near
at hand. He despatched orders to their General
for a party to attack the enemy's works at ooe point,
while a party from the fort, should act simultaneous-
ly on another part. Eight hundred men under Col.
Dudley of the Ohio men, and another body under
Col. Miller, were immediately in motion. Col. Dud-
ley led his men up in the face of the enemy's cannon,
and every battery was carried, almost in an instant,
and the British and Indians fled with great precipi-
tation. These fugitives were met by a large body of
Indians under Gen. Tecuroseh. This famous war-

APPENDIX. 351

riour, expecting the Americans to pursue, formed an
ambush, and waited their approach. Col. Dudley's
men were so elated at their success, that they could
not be restrained from pursuing the fugitives, although
their Colonel used his utmost endeavours. They
accordingly pi:essed on, and immediately found them-
selves surrounded by the savages. Here another
horrid slaughter followed ; but, different from that
at Raisin, for Tecumseh interposed for the lives of
those that surrendered, and not like Proctor, did he
turn his back on those barbarities. He even laid a
chief dead at his feet, for persisting in the massacre.
About 650 men were killed and missing in this af-
fair. The lamented Dudley was among the former.
The party under Col. Miller, performed their part
admirably, and after spiking the cannon, returned to
Ctoip with upwards of 40 prisoners. These opera-
tions made the enemy relinquish his design, and he
immediately drew off. The distinguishedimames of
Croghan, Todd, Johnson, Sedgwick, Ritzen, Stod-
dard, and Butler will live in the annals of their coun-
try. The last mentioned was a son of Gen. Butler,
who fell in St. Clair's defeat.

Battle of the Moravian towns, and death of Te-
cumseh. After the great naval victory on the lake,
achieved by the American fleet, under the gallant
Perry, Proctor abandoned Maiden, and took a posi-
tion on the river Thames. His precipitate move-
ments were displeasing to Tecumseh, who thought
the situation of his brethren entirelj^ disregarded,' by
their being left open to the Americans. In a speech
to Proctor, he reprobates his conduct in very pointed
terms. He says, "The war before this, [meaning the re-
volution] our British father gave the hatchet to his red
children, when our old chiefs were alive. They are now
dead. In that war our father [the king] was thrown on
his back by the Americans, and he afterward took
them by the hand without our knowledge, and we are
afraid he will do so again at this time. Listen, you
tol4 «|s to bring our families to this place, and we

352 • APPENDIX.

'did so. You promised to take care of them, and
that they should want for nothing. Our ships have
gone one way, and we are Tery much astonished to
see our - father [Proctor] tying up every thing, and
preparing to run away the omer. You always told
us you never could draw your foot off British ground;
but now, father, we see you are drawing back with-
out seeing the enemy. We must compare our fa*-
ther's conduct to a fat animal, that carries his tail on
his back, but when affrighted, drops it between its

.legs and runs off." This though a few detached para^
graphs, will serve to give some acquaintance with
the great chief. Proctor, after considerable maocev-
vring, was unable to escape with all his baggage,
being hard pressed by Harrison in every move up
the Thames. At length the two armie^ met in the
vicinity of the Moravian towns, 5 October 1813, and
a fierce battle was fought. Tecumseh's Indians
were-ifi possession of a thick wood, who, with thet
British regtilarii^, had formed their line of battk, on
advantageous ground. Gen. Harrison, with his aids,
Com. Perry, Capt. Butler, and Gen. Cass, led the
ftont line, while Col. Johnson, with the nfiounted men,

-was ordered to cljarge at full speed, and brecik their
line. They were immediately in motion, and though
tlie hnrses recoiled on receiving the fire of the Brit-
ish and Indians, yet, it was momentary, and their im-
petuosity bore down all before them. The enemy's
line was brol^ in an instant and Johnson's mount-
ed men were fqrlhed on their rear, and poured in a
tremendous*^ fife upon them. The British ofllcers
finding it in vain to rally again at this point, surren-
dered. A body of savages under Tecumseh, still
disputed the ground, and Col. Johnson fell, in the
thickest of the fight, almost covered with wounds.

^Tecumseh in person flew towards him, with his toma*«
hawk raised, to give him the fatal blow. Johnson,
though faint from loss of blood, had strength to draw
h^is pistol, and laid Tecumseh dead at his feet*

APPENDIX. 353

'When the mighty chief fell, the Indians all left the
ground. At another point, a diyiston attempted to
mahfe an impression upon the American infantry, but
the venerable Gov. Shelby (one^ of the heroes of
King's mountain) supported them with another regi-
B»nt, and the enemy were immediately rout^.
The hottest of the fight was where Tecumseh and
Johnson fell. Thirty Indians and six Americans lay
within a few yards of the spot. Proctor fled with
great precipitation, but his carriage was taken with
all bis papers, and even bis sword. Eight pieces of
artillery were taken, six of which were brass. Three
of these were trophies of the revolution, Which were
surrendered by Hull. The Americans had npt above
50 killed and wounded. Of the British 600 were ta-
ken prisoners, and 70 killed and wounded, and up--
wards of a hundred Indians were left on the field.
Thus ended the Indian wars in the west. Their
ecmibination was now entirely broken up, and the
frontier settlements, which for a long time had en-
dured all the horrours of Indian barbarities, were, in
^BOme degree, liberated.

[It will be remen^ered, that in the proposals iwued for
publishing this work, an account of the Creek war was pro-
posed to 1^ given ; but it will be seen, that the work extendi
ten pages beyond what was intended ; and beside that arti-
ete^ more than twenty p^ges, which were at first prepared,
are unavoidably left out.]

30*

ADlilTiaKAL NO*ES AND CORUflCTiONS.

On paee xv, a note should htfve followed the word Hwei-
ntflU, ^nd mention made, that Eyretmia is now the m#ho«l
of writing the name of that ancient country ; and, that of
course, the adjective would dtffer from that used in the text.

On page 22, the citation " Magnalia, II, 486," in line 6
and 7 from top of notes, should hare followed the pireceding
sentence.

Ob page 5, line 5, from hottom of text, read Dellano for
Delano,

On page 114, note 1, in the word Matapoisef, iht firsts
should he douhled.

On page 200, line 6, from bottom of text, read Amerasco-
gvn for Araeresscogen.

On page 281, line 4, from top of text, read John Brown
for Jos. Brown.

Though in the old copy it was printed as I give it, yet, th«
same person is meant, I think, as on page 252, line 5, from
top of text.

On page 289, strike out the words previous to this time,
from line 8, from bottom of text.

The late appearance of Judge Davis^ edition of " Mor-
ton's Memorial," prevented my profiting in time from his in-*-
valuable information on Philip's war ; and, I can only refer
the reader to his book, where, though, as he says of another,
** he may have announced more than will be discerned," yet,
it will not be less interesting to all. — ^Though my limits are
very narrow, I cannot close this note, without reminding the
reader, that the manner of the death of Alexander, as relat-
ed in m^ notes, is incorrect. It appears from the honourable
author just mentioned, that no compulsive means were used
or necessary, to make him visit Plymouth, but that he went
ihere cheerfully, and left on friendly terms to return home ;
but in 2 or 9 days, something called him that way again,
and he was taken sick at Maj. Winslow's house, from whence
he was conveyed home, and died soon after.— The cite of the
great swamp fi^ht at Narraganset, the Judge thinks is
wrongly stated in Ufis history, with respect to its distance
from the south ferry ; and, that 17 miles would compare bet-
ter than 7. Mr. Hoyt agrees with Church, and I nave not
had opportunity to satisfy myself.

At page 157, line 1, at top, the word Wilielmi was writ-
ten GuiUelmi, in the old copy.

Little tiioe has been found to compare and examine for er-
rours, which will unavoidably appear too numerous in a
work ef this kind ; in punctuation, in particular^ jt is re-
greted, that they are so prevalent.

INDEX.

In the fellowtng Index, some ezplanatbiui may be waptiog, «« it differa
from works of this kind in general. All Indian names of plaoes are giyen s
but places having only an English name, are not given, unless they hav«
been noted for some depredation, or having their situations described*
And as every circumstance in a histwy may be found by an Indsx ofiNrQ*
per names, it was thought needless to name them, as it only increases pro-
lixity.

Assaworoset 27, 97.
Asuhmequin, IS8, IM, 135, 142.
Aubert carries off natives 287.
Augur Lieut., killed 814.
Awashonks 21 to 27, 57, 76 to 83,
85 to 92, 111.

Acushnet 98.

Adams* Hist. Neweng. 80, 82, 49, 68.

Adams President John 151.

Adams Samuel xii.

Addingtoti ^ac 157, 217, 251.

Agamenticus 24.

Agawom 89, 119, 144, 298.

Affincourt battle 265.

Akkompoin, Philip's uncle,killed 110.

Albemari Duke of 207. [238.

Alden Cap. John 196, 197, 201,228,

Alden John 297.

Alden William 226. .

Alderman 47, kills Philip 126.

Alexander dies 18, 134, 148.

Allen's Biog. Diet, xii, xiv, 24, 28,
81, 38, 188, 145, 160, % '6, 207

Allen Samuel 181.

Afien Tholnae 181.

AUertcm John 297.

Allerton Mr. Isaac 297.

Almy Cap. John 18, 40.

Andover 220.

Andros Cap. EUsha 194, 201, 204.

Androscoggin 184, 186.

Anilroe Sir Edmund 120, 150, 151,
152,154,164,173,250.

Annawon xiv, 106, 124, 127, 129,
131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, ta-
ken 138, put to death 146.

Annnawon's rock 186.

Aponaganset 50, 51, 98, 100.

Appleton Mfu. Samuel 65, 57.

Aquetneck 19.

Arrowsike 168, %69, 827

Arrohawikwabemt 324.

Baker Thomas 190.
Baker Lieut., killed 275.
Barlow's Columbiadiv, 46, 128.

Barns 102.

Barrow Sam 115, 119.

Baxter 49.

Bean Cap., killed 347.

Beard , killed 318.

Beers Cap., killed 54.

Belcher Cap. Andrew 62, 253.

Belcher Mr., wounded 33.

Bellomont Gov. 250.

Belknap's Amer. Biog. xv, 24, 32,

134, 287, '8, '9, 293, '4, 299, 300.
Belknap's Hist. N. H. xiii, 21, 152,

161, 164, 186, 187, 203, 269, 284,

289, 315, SSL
Bennet Sergeant 57.
Benython Ci^.. 811.
Berry Lieut., killed 347.
Billington John 297.
Blin Cap. 827.
Bliss Mr. A. 186.

Bead 226.

Bomazeen 829, killed 880.
Bourne Cap. 328.
Bowen P«ter 887, 838.
Bozman's Hist. 177.
iBracketCap. 166, 191, 224, 236, '7.
(Bradford Maj. 30, 55, 84, 85, 96.

866

INDEX.

Bniktd Bfr. Win. M, 2M, 296JColaiaa Dr. BeDj«min It.

2tt7, 80O, 801, SOS.
Bradftreet Qi^, 163, 197.
Braton SUfiheii 197.
Brewitar Mr. WiUuun 297.
Bridgow«t«r 25.

Bridfirtj Jarmaa 228, 219, 2B0.
Britteri^ Ricfaard 296, 297.
Broelebuli Cap., killed 70.
BrookfieklSS.

Brown Cap. Joba 252, 281.
Browa Mr. Jamet 27, 29, 81.
Brown P«ier 297.
Btalkley Oenbom 62.
Ball*! earrison 57.
Bump John 144.
Batler Cap. 851, 852.

Calefa Hiat. witchcraft 196, 220.
Canonchet 73, taken 107, killed 108.
Canonicua, killed 104.
Canton Corporal, taken 234.
Carver Gov. John 138, 296, 297,

29S, dies 301, 802.
Carver *s Travels 21.
Castine Baron De St. 152, 164, 165,

176, 219, 226, 233, 261.
Cauffhnewaga, 318.
Cawley Robert 226, 228.
Chamberlain John 334.
Charoplain Cap. 220.
Chelmsford 64.

Chesly 812.

Chieneoto 228, 282.

Chiftan James 297.

Chubb Cap. 219, killed 220.

Chubb Sergeant, killed 826.

Church Benjamin xii.

Church Deac. Bonj. xii.

Church Charles xii.

Church Caleb xi, 197. [274, 261.

Church Cap. Constant xi, 251, 257,

Church Edward xii, 252, 281.

Church Joseph xi.

Church Thomas xi.

Clark Cap, Wra. 258.

Clark Gov. 158.

Clark Lieut. 169.

Clark Richard 297.

Clark's garrison 72, 96.

Clark's island 299.

Clinton Hon. De Witt 68.

Cocheco 161, 314.

Coddington Gov. Wm. Z8.

ColeCoLB. 888, 340.

Cole Cap. James 252^ 264, 281.

Conestogoe massacre 842 tn 845.
CoBsdenee, taken 149.
Coatoocook 817, 887. f *? *8.

CoBverae Cap. James 189, 192, 194*
Cook Cap. John 862, 1, 274, 281.
Cook Elisba 160.

Cook Francis 297. jl

Cook John lOL ^

Cousins Isaac, kiUed 814. -

Crackston John 296, 297.
CranfieldGov. 186.
Cranston Gov; John 88, 89, 1^
Croghan Geo. 351.

Cross ^ kUled 814.

Cudworth Mai. 80, 85, 86, 87:
Cnrwin Jonathan 221. \

Cushnet98.

D'AilleboaUlS.

Danforth Gov, 156, 160, 166.

Dartmouth 50, 5L

D'Aubri Nicholas 187.

Davenport Cap., killed 58^

Davies Col., killed M7.

Davis Cap. Silvanus 160, 168L

D'Catier8 820.

Debofahuel 225.

Deerfield 54, 248, 321.

Demot, 187.

Dennison Cap. 56, 64, 73, 107

Dermer Cap. Thomas 801.

D*Frontenac Count 224. 280.

Dillano 101 to 105.

D'Mantel 818.
D'Mouts 220.
Doney 184, 185, 190.
Dorey Edward 296, 297.
Doughiss' Hist. 42, 51, 52, 74, 98^

442, 145, 245, 266, 259, 271, 277,

284, 286.
Drake Sir Francis 287.
Dubois 282, 284.

Dndley Col., killed 351. [266, 28($.
Dudley Gov. Joseph 250, 251, ^9,
Dudley Thomas 152, 249.
Dustan Mrs. Hannah 815 to 817.
Dwight Dr. 146, 308.
Dyer Cap. John 262, 281.
D^Youog 261.

Earl Ralph 51, 52.
Eaton Francis 297.
Edee Sergeant 269.
Edmunds Cap; 52» 179.

INDEX.

357

Xels Oftp. 91, 62.

EUot Rev. John 21.

E&pt O&p. John 896, 327.

laibt'fl Biog. Diolionary 28, 62, 145,

150, 152, 179, Ml, 207, 216.
Eliot Robert 206.

Endecott Cap. 305, 806. [21.

English, probaMe numbers of in 1675,
English Thomaa 297.

Farmer and More's Collections xii,
108^ 257, 296, 331, 835, 386, 338.
FaUriver xv, 48.
Femald WUliam 206.
FivenaCions 68.
Fletcher Moses 296, 297.
Fof land ferry 42.
Forbes WUliam 101, 209, 215.
Forefathers' day 300.
Fore&theni' rock 300.
Firontenac Go?. 224, 230.
Frost Cap. 818.
Frost Major 208, 806.
Frye Cap. James 884.
Fryer Cap. Nathaniel 203, 206.
Frye Rev. Mr. 880, wounded 834.
Fuller Cap. 86 to 89.
FuUam Sergeant, killed 884.
Fuller Edward 297.
Fuller Mr. Samuel 297.

OageGen. 260.

GaUop Cap. killed 58.

Crallop Cap. John 804, 305.

Gardiner C^. killed 58.

Gardiner Richard 296.

Georgo 21, 79. [221.

Gidney Col. Bartholomew 196, 220,

Giles Lieut. ^.

GiU Mr. 82,83.

Goff General 54, 55.

Golding Cap. 45, 46, 120, to 128.

Gold island 43.

(Goodman John 297.

Gotham Cap. Jolin 221, 247, 252,

295, 262, 270, 278, 279, 281.
Crorton Rev. Samuel 28, 104.
Oosnold Bartholomew 287.
GourdanMons. 260, 263, taken 265,

267,268,270,283.
Green island 257.
Orenville Sir Richard 287.
Grimstoii9 291.

Hailey 108.
HaUftx &rt 214.

Hall Cap. Nathaniel 156, 158, 170,
Hammond WilUam, kiUed 83. [171.
Hancamagus 186.
Hanno xv.

Harman Cap. 326, 328, 329, 830.
Harradon Cap. John 256, 281.
Harrison Gen. 346, 347, 350.
Harris' Hist. Dorchester 178.
Hatch Cap. 206.
Hatfield 55.
Havens Jack 86, 90.
Hawkins 186, 187, 188, 194.
Hawthorne John 161, 196, 221, 238»

239, 241, 242.
Hazelton Charles 22.

Henchman, Cap. 47, 52, 58.

Hill Cap. 284.

Hilton Mai. Winthrop, killed 257,
263, 270, 278, 274, 279, 281, 284;

Hinkley Gov. Thomaa 20, 158, 155,
160, 180, 182.

Holmes* Amer. Annals xii, 21, Z4^
49, 54, 55, 69, 70, 96, 108, 136,
150,152,158,177,207,270,276,
287, 289, 290, 294, 298.

Honeyvfel Lieut. 208,236.

Hook Francis 206.

Hopkins Gen. 347.

Hopkins Mr. Stephen 94, 297.

Holland Isaac 89, 90, 91, 114.

Howland Jabez 88, 89, H4, 118, 127,
131, 143.

Howland John 89, 114* 297,

Hoyt*s Researches 55, 68, 354.

Hubbard's Narrative xiv, 20, ti, 22,

27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 85, 86, 87, 39,
43," 47, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57,
63, 69, 73, 91, 106, 109, 110,
112, 114, 117, 118, 124, 126,
134, 139, 142, 144, 146, 148, 149^
166, 196, 201, 209, ttS, 308, 809,
311, 314, 380.

Hubbard Rev. Wm. xiv.
Huckings Mrs. 187, 188.
Hudibras 24.
Hunt Cap. 288, 289, 301.
Hunter Cap. 49.
Hutchinson Maj. 201.
Hutchinson Cap. 36, 53.
Hutchinson's History iii. xiii, xiv, 20,

28, 29, SO, 31, 32, 81, 86, 87, 49,
50, 68, 68, 74, 96, 103, 120, 183,
134, 135, 145, 146, 154, 163, 177,
17S, 22p, 221, 228, 280, 238, 241,
256, 265, 277, 278, 2^, 285, 280,
296,828.

Hyrcania xv, 854.

358

INDEX.

IbenriUe 219, 220.
Ififferiol Lieat. 814.
Indian bridge 386, 887.
Indiam, nmober of in 1675, 20.
Iri^i Mri. XT.
Iroquois 224.

Jaques Lieat. 829.
Jtrrii Gap. 271.
Jefferiet 160.
JehntonCap JiiUed58.
Jonea Can. 295.

Keekamait 84.
Keonebeck 171.
Keyes Solomon, wounded 888.
Jtickapoofl 846.
Kimball Thomas, killed 315.
King Cap. 206. [ziii.

^ing, no such digniw among Indians
Kirk Sir David 160.

Lafauife 161, 268, 264.

Lake — 41.

Lake Cap., killed 163.

Lamb Cap. Joshua 252, 281. -

Lancaster 64, 259.

Larking Cap. 236.

Lateril Mr. 286.

Lathrop Cap. Joseph 200«

Lathrop Cap., killed 54.

Lathrop John 181.

Lee Abraham, killed 163.

Lee Mrs. 163, 164.

Lee Rev. Samuel xii, 199.

Leister Edward 297. [152.

Xjeverett Gov. John 52, dies 145,

Lightfoot Oajfc 100, 104, '5, 111, 167.

Littleeyes 25, taken 99, 104.

Littlefield Cap. John 200, 203.

Irovewell Cap. John 330 to 336.

fSagnus Queen 103, 108.
Makin Thomas zvi, 148, 346.
Manhattans 303.
Mansell Sir Robert 220.
iMDalagaflh 327.
Maquas 224.
Maquoit 189, 206.
March Cap. 206, 286.
Margeson JBdmund 296, 287.
Marlborough 64, 65
Marshall Cap., killed 68.
Martin Mr. Christopher 297.

Martyn Richard 200.

MaM>n Cap. John 806, 807, 808.

Mason Samuel 160. [801, 840.

Massassoit xiii, 18, 94, 1 10, 133, 134»

Mather^ Magnalia xii, ziv, 20, 22.
26, 47, 60,65, 126, 145, 169, 170,
171, 176,177, 179, 184, 187, 189,
191, 192, 202, 206, 207, 210, 213,
220, 240, 241, 315, 817, 839, ? "

Mattapoiset 32, 105.

Mattatoag 104.

Maxfield Mr. 179.

Mayflower, a ship 294.

Mayr point 191.

MedBeld 64.

Menis 231, taken 274.

Menival Gov. 278.

Merrymeeting t%y 825.

Metacomet ziii. . \

Middleboroueh 51, 66» 98.

Miles Rev. fohn 31, ^

Minot^s Hist. 214.

Mogg, killed 8S0.

Mohawks 54, 68, 142, 224.

Mohegans 17.

Mouhcgan 222.

Monogenest 233.

Mooanam 134.

Monopoide 107.

Montinicus 161, 255.

Montreal 224, 320.

Morse and Parish's Hist. Neweoff-

land 124, 859.840.

Morse's Annals 31, 124, 126, 138.

Morton's Memorial xiii, 23, 27, 28,
30, 89, 133, 134, 154, 249, 251,
289, 295, 296, 298, 299, 301.

Morton Thomas 23, 24.

Mosely Cap. Samuel 56, 57.

Mossipee 184, 283.

Mouiton Cap. 326, 328, 829, 330.

Mounthope 22.

MuHins Mr. William 291

Munponset 94, 95.

Myrick Cap, Isaac.252, 264, 281.

Naniskeket299. [108.

NauuDttenoo, taken 107,pirtto death
Narragansets xiii, 17, 18, number of

in 1675, 20, 36, 54.
Naskeag 236, 252.
Nathamel 129, 130, 131.
Nauset 299.

NeflTMiss Mary 315, 316, 317.
Nemasket 9Q»
Netops 67, 91.
Newengland gift 284.

INDEX.

3»

Newichwannock 313.
Nicholson Col. 186, 278, 817.
Nihantick 307.
Ninigret 104, 108.
Nipmucks 53, 66, 69. v
Nipnet 91.
Nomquid 85.
Norridgwock 237, 829.
Northfield 54.

Norton Cap., killed 303, 304.
Nunnaquahquat 39.
Nunnuit Peter 27, 57.

Oldham Mr. John, killed 303, 304,'5.
Omens 20, 126.
Osamekin 340*
Otis James xii.
Owend Col.> killed 347,

PwM Lieut. John 228.

Passammaquoddy 236.

Patuzet 52.

Pangus, killed 334.

Pawcatuck river 307.

Peasfield battle 37 to 46.

Pejepscot 179, 184, 190, 206.

Pemmaquid 209, 210, 219.

Penn Gov. John 343.

Penn Gov. William 342.

Penhallow's Hist, vii, 184, 185, 203,

256, 257, 258, 269, .260, 261» 276,

277,284, 324, 325, 380, 382, 333.
Pennacook 161, 186. ^

Peperel Mr. 1^. •

Pequots 17, war with 302.
Perpodack 192.
Peter 67, 77, 84, «8, 124
Philip King xiii, origin of his name

18, killed 123.
Philips Gov. 326.
FhillipB' garrison 311.
Phips Sir Wm. 162, 164, 168, 175,

177, 207, 208, 212, 214, 216, 234,

278, 839.
Pierce Cap. 64, kitted 72.
Pigwocket lj61, 831.
PiM Mlij. Robert 182, 183, 184, 203.
Pitkin Wm. 160.
Plaisted Lieut. 203
Plaited Roger 196, killed 818.
PkuBer Col. Daniel 257.
Plumer Gov. Wm. 208.
PlymooUi 17, 65.
Pocasset 19, 27.
Pokanoket xiii, 18, 22, 29.
Pophwa Sir John 171^

'%•

Pq^asquash 127, 129.

Potock 63. •

Prentice Cap. Thomas 32, 56, 60.

Prince Gov. 18, 339.

Prince's Chronology vii, xiii, 24, 94L

135, 289, 294, m
Pring Martin 288.
Proud's Hist, xvi, 148, 342, 345/
Providence 64.
Pumham, killed 56, 6$, 104.
Punkatees battle 37 to 46.
Purchase Mr. 300.

^uabaog 53, 118.
Quadequinah 110.
Q'uaueot 39.
Quebeck 177, 234.
qonnapin 103, 104, IlL

Ralegh Sir Walter 287, 293.

Ralle Sebastian 826, 329, kilkdSSO .

Ramsdel Joseph 194.

Rehoboth 36, 64.

Ridgdale John 296, 297.

Rol^rtson's Hist. Amer. xv. 806.

Robins Lieut., killed 834.

Robinson Mr. ^, killed 812.

Robinson John 326, 327.
Robinson Rev. John 290.
Rogers Cap. Geo. 266, 267, 281.
Rogers Thos. 297.
RouvUle 321, 322.
Rowlandson Mrs. 103.
Russel's garrison 51.

Sabatis 337, kflled 3S8.

Sabin 87.

Sachueeset 86.

Sagadahockl71,201.

Samoset 301.

Sandford Maj. 102, 120, m*

Sassacus, killed 308.

Sassamon 19, 21, 27.

Savage Ensign Si4.

Savage Maj. 86, 36.

Scattacook 68, 320.

Sdienactada 3l8«

Schuyler Maj. 819, 821.-

Scituate 66.

Sccmticut 104.

Scottaway Cap. 172, 17^175.

Shanelere, killed 285.

Sharkee Mons. 260, '7, '9»h262.,

Sharp Lieut., killed 70. i

Shawomet 66.

INDKX

fiherbnni Cap. 206.

AI7 Cap., killed 68. ^

fiiene, a ahip 271.
^ihiecto 228, 282.

Sippican 89, 106, 148.

Siznations 68, 820.

Skakit299.

Smallpox 178, 106.

Smith Cap. John 222, 288, 901.
'Smith Cap. Thos. 256, '7,281.
«Smith Mai. 66, 62. [224, 819.

Smith's Hilt. Newyork xiii, 68, 180,

Smithson Cap. 228.

Snow'i HisU Boston 146, 178.

Sogkonate iz, 19.

Soffkonesset 74^

Soule George 297. [281,827.

Southaok Cap. Cyprian 238, 256.

Sonthworth Nath. 89, 170, 192, 198.

Speedwell, a ship 294.

Squakeag 64.

Squaadb 809.

Squannaconk 124, 182, 186.

Squanto 901.

Standish Cap. 184, 297.

Stone Cap. 908, 804.

)3toughton Gov. Wm. 216.

Subercase Gov. 276.

Sudbury 66, 69, 70.

Sullivan's Hist. Maine 160, 163, 164,
'6,*9, 171, '6, '9, 180, '7. '9, 190,
'1, '2, 214, 222, '3, «6, 286,'7,8n.

Taconnet 214, 828.
Talcot Maj. 108, 117, '8,
Tecumseh 846, 850, '1, kiUed 862.
Tilley Edward 296, 297,
TUley John 296, 297.
Tinker Thomas 297.
Tippecanoe battle 847. [death 146.
Tispaqain 90, 116, 142, '4, put to
Tocktof^a 111.
Totbson 115, '16, '18, '19.
Treat Mai. Robert 64, 64.
trumbuU's Hist. U. S. xiii, 26, 29,

50,68,141,819,820,880.
Trumbull's Hist. Con. 29. 37, 38, 60,

'6, 62, 68, 78, 108, '8, 126, 200,
Tuisset 839. [303,'7.

Turner Cap. 68, '9, 306.
Turner J<An 297,
Tyasks 106, 124.

Umpame 28. .
Uncas, killed 906.
¥nderhiU Cap. -SOS, 807.

Vaughan Maj. 208, 906, ,
Vaudreuil Gov. 259, 286, 821,323.
VilleauCap. 239.,
Villebon 192, 231, '4, '5, 241.
Virginia, ancient limits of 298, 294.

Wachuset 69, 80.

Wadsworth Cap^, killed 70.

Waldron Maj. ]61,kUled 162.

Wallaston Cap. 24.

Walley John 160, 177, 207, 215.

Walton Cap. 184, '6, 203, '6, '24.

Wamesit 64.

Wampanoags xiii, 48,

Wampom, value of 141, '2.

Wamsutta 184.

Warren Mr. Richard 297.

Warwick 66, 63, 64. .

Weetamore 27, 82,47*'8, 60, % m.

Wepoiset 87.

Wequash 807.

Wessagusset 24.

Weymouth 64.

Wheelwright Esq. John 200, '8.

White Mr.Wm.297.

Wilcox Daniel 17*

WiUard Cap. Simon 16^ 168.

Willard Maj. 64.

Williams Cap. 122.

Williams' Hist. Vermont 821, '9.

Williamson Cap. Caleb 252, 281.

Williamson's Hist. N. Car. 68.

whiams Rev, John 284, 321, '8.

Williams Rev. Roger 28, 66.

W iUianis Thomas 297.

Wincol John 206, 814.

Winepang 826.

Winnipissaukee 326.

Winslow Gilbert 297.

Winslow Hon. Josiah 26, 80, 52»

66, 66^ 64, 93, 147.
Winslow Josiah 328.
Winslow Mr. Edward 26, 94, ISS,

184, 147, 297, 802, 340.
Winthrop Gov. John 62.
Wintbrop's Hist. Neweng. 24, 91«

96, 104, 145, 208, 808, 341.
Wisememet, killed 830.
Witchcraft 166, 196, 216, 238, 241»
Woosainequin 133, 184.
Worumbos 186, 187, '9 IM.
Wyman Seth 382, '4.

ToA Joseph 228, 226,

v/^^..

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